Micromotor-derived composites for biomedicine delivery and other related purposes

Biocompatible designed micromotor has attracted more and more concerns in the field of biomedicine due to their self-propulsion and delivery abilities.Such micromotors,mostly consisting of alkali earth metals,hydrogels,or other motile biomaterials,can effectively transform chemical energy into mechanical or kinetic energy to achieve the expected delivery of cargos to the sites of action.Except for conveying power,the modifiable surface and inner cavity of micromotors guarantee that their potential as versatile delivery systems for therapeutic agents.Here,this review generalizes the propelling mechanisms,composites,and shapes of micromotors.Besides,the application of micromotor-derived composites for biomedicine delivery and other versatile purposes are also discussed.

Genome-wide identification and analysis of monolignol biosynthesis genes in Salix matsudana Koidz and their relationship to accelerated growth

Lignin plays an important role in plant growth and development.It serves as a raw material for the manufacture of paper,animal feed,and chemical fertilizers.However,the regulation of lignin biosynthesis genes and the composition of the relevant gene families remain unclear in many plant species.Here,we identified and characterized 11 families of monolignol biosynthesis genes in Salix matsudana Koidz.Based on phylogenetic analysis of lignin biosynthesis genes from nine angiosperm species(Arabidopsis thaliana,Oryza sativa,Zea mays,Solanum lycopersicum,S.suchowensis,S.purpurea,Populus euphratica,P.trichocarpa,and S.matsudana),the 11 gene families could be divided into two classes that differed in their apparent evolutionary history.We compared the distribution of lignin biosynthesis genes between the two sub-genomes(At and Bt)of S.matsudana and found that more duplicated genes were present in the Bt sub-genome.We analyzed RNA sequencing data from two parents of contrasting height and two of their F1 progeny,and detected 23 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)that may regulate accelerated growth.We analyzed the promoter regions of the lignin-related DEGs and identified several hormone-related(auxin,ethylene,and cytokinin)transcription factor binding sites.These results provide an important foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms and genetic regulation of lignin biosynthesis and its relationship to accelerated growth in forest trees.

Frequency reconfigurable antenna actuated by inflated triangular structure:Design and analysis

This paper proposes a frequency reconfigurable triangular antenna actuated by an inflated triangular structure.The open path antenna is transformed from an open type to a closed structure by inflating.Inflatable structures are easy to manufacture by fusing 2 inextensible membranes together along a defined pattern of lines.However,the prediction of their deployed shape remains a challenge.To solve the pattern changed problem,guided by geometric analyses and local buckle characteristics,the inflated triangular structure has been designed and verified by experiment and simulation.In the process of transformation of the antenna,the resonant frequency of the antenna is changed because this frequency is determined by the conformational change.The resonant frequency changes from GHz to kHz when the design of initial structure sizes is from millimeter to meter.The measured peak gains,the frequency,and the radiation direction are also reconfigurable by the initial size.Finally,the reconfigurable resonator array is presented,which is coupled to electric fields to absorb all incident radiation.In this work,the changed pattern design by inflating is applied to the antenna design,and its frequency reconfigurability is achieved.Through the electricity performance analysis of the reconfigurable antenna,precise manufacturing will be possible and provide guidance for manufacturing frequency reconfigurable antennas.

Pressure-induced instability and its coupled aeroelasticity of inflated pillow

A floating air weapon system(such as airborne floating mines)plays an important role in modern air defense operations.This paper focuses on aeroelastic characteristics of airborne floating mine named inflated pillow.Firstly,the dynamic deployable process of the pillow and characteristics of the local instability of the edge are studied,and the evolution mechanism of wrinkles and kinks is analyzed.Secondly,in the cruising stage,the fluid-structural-thermal coupling analysis is performed on the pillow,and the aeroelastic characteristics are studied.Thirdly,the shapepreserving effect of the inflated pillow during the“negative pressure”slow landing stage is evaluated.It is found that when the wind velocity is higher,the pillow has a collapsed instability(surface extrusion and contact),and when the wind velocity is lower,snap-through instability occurs.Finally,for the collapsed instability,a carbon fiber skeleton is added to discrete the large global collapsed fold into small local folds,thus achieving shape-preserving effect of pillow.For snapthrough instability,the critical internal pressure and different shape evolution under different wind velocity are evaluated.Through the analysis of the mechanical mechanism and control of the structural morphological evolution,it provides theoretical guidance for the application of the curved shell structure in floating air weapon system.