MIL-100(V) derived porous vanadium oxide/carbon microspheres with oxygen defects and intercalated water molecules as high-performance cathode for aqueous zinc ion battery

The development of aqueous zinc ion battery cathode materials with high capacity and high magnification is still a challenge.Herein,porous vanadium oxide/carbon(p-VO_(x)@C,mainly VO_(2) with a small amount of V_(2)O_(3)) core/shell microspheres with oxygen vacancies are facilely fabricated by using a vanadium-based metal-organic framework(MIL-100(V)) as a sacrificial template.This unique structure can improve the conductivity of the VO_(x),accelerate electrolyte diffusion,and suppress structural collapse during circulation.Subsequently,H_(2)O molecules are introduced into the interlayer of VO_(x) through a highly efficient in-situ electrochemical activation process,facilitating the intercalation and diffusion of zinc ions.After the activation,an optimal sample exhibits a high specific capacity of 464.3 mA h g^(-1) at0.2 A g^(-1) and 395.2 mA h g^(-1) at 10 A g^(-1),indicating excellent rate performance.Moreover,the optimal sample maintains a capacity retention of about 89.3% after 2500 cycles at 10 A g^(-1).Density functional theory calculation demonstrates that the presence of oxygen vacancies and intercalated water molecules can significantly reduce the diffusion barrier for zinc ions.In addition,it is proved that the storage of zinc ions in the cathode is achieved by reversible intercalation/extraction during the charge and discharge process through various ex-situ analysis technologies.This work demonstrates that the p-VO_(x)@C has great potential for applications in aqueous ZIBs after electrochemical activation.

Long non-coding RNA-AK138945 regulates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via the miR-1-GRP94 signaling pathway

Objective:Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI)is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease in humans,especially in individuals exposed to cold environments.Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)regulate MIRI through multiple mechanisms.This study explored the regulatory effect of lncRNA-AK138945 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and its mechanism.Methods:In vivo,8-to 12-weeks-old C57BL/6 male mice underwent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 50 minutes followed by reperfusion for 48 hours.In vitro,the primary cultured neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes(NMVCs)were treated with 100μmol/L hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)).The knockdown of lncRNA-AK138945 was evaluated to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis,and a glucose-regulated,endoplasmic reticulum stress-related protein 94(GRP94)inhibitor was used to detect myocardial injury.Results:We found that the expression level of lncRNA-AK138945 was reduced in MIRI mouse heart tissue and H2O2-treated cardiomyocytes.Moreover,the proportion of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes increased after lncRNA-AK138945 was silenced.The expression level of Bcl2 protein was decreased,and the expression level of Bad,Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 protein was increased.Our further study found that miR-1a-3p is a direct target of lncRNA-AK138945,after lncRNA-AK138945 was silenced in cardiomyocytes,the expression level of miR-1a-3p was increased while the expression level of its downstream protein GRP94 was decreased.Interestingly,treatment with a GRP94 inhibitor(PU-WS13)intensified H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.After overexpression of FOXO3,the expression levels of lncRNA-AK138945 and GRP94 were increased,while the expression levels of miR-1a-3p were decreased.Conclusion:LncRNA-AK138945 inhibits GRP94 expression by regulating miR-1a-3p,leading to cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The transcription factor Forkhead Box Protein O3(FOXO3)participates in cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress through up-regulation of lncRNA-AK138945.

A Case Report of a Rare Sarcomatoid Poorly Differentiated Adenocarcinoma Harboring Concurrent Mutations in the ROS1, EGFR, ARID1A, and NFKBIA Genes in the Lung

ROS1 and EGFR are primary oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) pathogenesis. However, EGFR mutations and ROS1 fusions are generally mutually exclusive in NSCLC, leading to a negligible probability of their co-occurrence. Consequently, clinical data and treatment strategies for their simultaneous presence are remarkably scarce. This report details the first recorded case of a sarcomatoid, poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma harboring both a ROS1 fusion and an EGFR mutation, alongside ARID1A and NFKBIA gene mutations. Moreover, this case study encompasses a review of instances featuring concurrent ROS1 and EGFR mutations. The identified genetic alterations in ROS1, EGFR, ARID1A, and NFKBIA are pivotal in the etiology of NSCLC. These mutations significantly influence disease progression and are essential for the development of personalized therapeutic approaches. Recognizing the unique genetic profiles in patients permits healthcare providers to devise customized treatment regimens that target these specific mutations, thereby enhancing patient outcomes in NSCLC.

高糖溶液对腹腔镜结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复、炎症反应及并发症的影响

目的探讨高糖溶液对腹腔镜结直肠癌术后胃肠功能恢复、炎症反应及并发症的影响。方法选择2019年1月-2021年1月该院收治的拟行腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术的患者64例,随机分为高糖组和对照组,各32例。两组患者的腹腔镜下结直肠癌手术均由同组医师完成,高糖组术前3 h口服400 mL 12.5%葡萄糖溶液。对比两组患者术后胃肠功能恢复情况,以及围术期肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高迁移族蛋白B1(HMGB1)、空腹血糖(FPG)、胰岛素、内毒素、稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)和胰岛素样生长因子-Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)的变化,并记录两组患者术后并发症的发生情况。结果高糖组术后排气时间、首次排便时间和住院时间短于对照组,胃管留置率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1和3 d血清TNF-α和HMGB1均较术前1 d升高;高糖组术后1和3 d血清TNF-α和HMGB1均低于对照组同期水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者术后1和3 d血清FPG、胰岛素、内毒素和HOMAIR均较术前1 d升高,IGF-Ⅰ较术前1 d下降;高糖组术后1和3 d血清FPG、胰岛素、内毒素和HOMA-IR均低于对照组同期水平,IGF-Ⅰ高于对照组同期水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。高糖组术后并发症发生率为12.50%,较对照组的34.38%低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术前口服高糖溶液,能够减轻术后炎症反应,减小血糖波动,有助于促进术后胃肠功能恢复,减少术后并发症发生。

Air-Stable Binary Hydrated Eutectic Electrolytes with Unique Solvation Structure for Rechargeable Aluminum-Ion Batteries

Aluminum-ion batteries(AIBs)have been highlighted as a potential alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale energy storage due to the abundant reserve,light weight,low cost,and good safety of Al.However,the development of AIBs faces challenges due to the usage of AlCl_(3)-based ionic liquid electrolytes,which are expensive,corrosive,and sensitive to humidity.Here,we develop a low-cost,non-corrosive,and air-stable hydrated eutectic electrolyte composed of aluminum perchlorate nonahydrate and methylurea(MU)ligand.Through optimizing the molar ratio to achieve the unique solvation structure,the formed Al(ClO_4)_(3)·9H_(2)O/MU hydrated deep eutectic electrolyte(AMHEE)with an average coordination number of 2.4 can facilely realize stable and reversible deposition/stripping of Al.When combining with vanadium oxide nanorods positive electrode,the Al-ion full battery delivers a high discharge capacity of 320 mAh g^(-1)with good capacity retention.The unique solvation structure with a low desolvation energy of the AMHEE enables Al^(3+)insertion/extraction during charge/discharge processes,which is evidenced by in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction.This work opens a new pathway of developing low-cost,safe,environmentally friendly and high-performance electrolytes for practical and sustainable AIBs.

Optimal interventional treatment for liver cancer:HAIC,TACE or iTACE?

Primary liver cancer is a common and lethal malignancy in China.Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)is globally recognized as the preferred treatment modality for the non-surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),while transcatheter arterial infusion(TAI)is another effective interventional treatment for HCC.In recent years,hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy(HAIC)has gained increasing attention as an application-regulated modality for TAI.Owing to the current debate in the medical community regarding the use of HAIC and TACE for the treatment of HCC,the application of both approaches should be considered at a higher level,with a broader perspective and a more normative aspect.Accordingly,we aimed to define the rational combination of liver cancer TAI/HAIC with TACE as infusion transcatheter chemoembolization(iTACE),which suggests that the two interventions are not superior but lead to a mutually beneficial situation.In this review,we sought to discuss the development,specification,application,challenge and innovation,debate,and union of TAI/HAIC and TACE,and the clinical application and latest research on iTACE.We aimed to introduce new concepts of iTACE and expect new breakthroughs in the treatment of liver cancer owing to the combined use of the two major interventional tools.

Magneto-volume effect in Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n)clusters during thermal expansion

Ab initio molecular dynamics calculations have been carried out to search for the ground state structure of Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n)clusters and measure the thermal expansion of Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n).The volume of Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n)clusters during thermal expansion is jointly determined by anharmonic interaction and magneto-volume effect.It has been found that Fe_(6)Ti_(7),Fe_9Ti_(4),Fe_(11)Ti_(2),and Fe_(13)clusters can exhibit the remarkable magneto-volume effect with abnormal volume behaviors and magnetic moment behaviors during thermal expansion.A prerequisite for the magneto-volume effect of Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n)clusters during thermal expansion has been revealed and the magnitude of the magneto-volume is also approximately determined.Furthermore,the magneto-volume behaviors of Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n)clusters are qualitatively characterized by the energy contour map.Our results shed light on the mechanism of the magneto-volume effect in Fe_(n)Ti_(13-n)clusters during thermal expansion,which can guide the design of nanomaterials with zero expansion or even controllable expansion properties.

Liquid–liquid phase transition in confined liquid titanium

We report the layering and liquid–liquid phase transition of liquid titanium confined between two parallel panel walls.Abnormal changes in the volume and the potential energy confirm the existence of the liquid–liquid phase transition of the liquid titanium. The typical feature of the liquid–liquid phase transition is layering, which is induced by the slit size,pressure and temperature. We highlight the fact that the slit size and pressure will determine the number of layers. In addition, with the change in the slit size, the density of the confined liquid expresses a fluctuating law. The phase diagram of the layering transition is drawn to clearly understand the layering. This study provides insights into the liquid–liquid phase transition of liquid metal in a confined space.

Controlling oxygen content in electro-slag remelting steel by optimizing slag-steel reaction process

The thermodynamic equilibrium of deoxidation reactions between molten slag and steel was calculated using a slag-steel coupling thermodynamic model and the mass conservation model based on the ion-molecular coexistence theory.The study focused on the effects of slag composition and deoxidizer type on the oxygen content of low alloy steel during the electroslag remelting(ESR)process.The measured and predicted values of the oxygen content in remelted ingots,and the contents of FeO and MnO in slags were compared and analyzed.Results show that the measured content of total oxygen has a certain correlation with the trend of dissolved oxygen predicted by the model when using Ca-Si alloys as deoxidizer,but it is not correlated with the trend of dissolved oxygen predicted by the model when using Al as deoxidizer.The deoxidation mechanisms of Ca-Si and Al are different.Ca-Si alloy directly reacts with FeO and MnO in slag to reduce the oxygen potential of slag,hence it can inhibit the transfer of oxygen from the slag to molten steel.While,when Al deoxidizer is used,the oxygen content in steel is mainly reduced through floating up the alumina inclusions.Compared to Al,utilizing Ca-Si alloy as a deoxidizer is more effective in reducing the oxygen content and the amount of inclusions in ESR ingot.

The Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cells Exhaustion in the Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Therapy

In the tumor immune microenvironment, CD8+ T cells differentiate towards functional failure. The exhaustion of CD8+ T cells (Tex) showed varying degrees of effect dysfunction, loss of proliferation ability, and sustained high expression of a variety of inhibitory receptors, with metabolic and epigenetic changes. Tex cells are heterogeneous, including several subsets with different characteristics at different stages of differentiation. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can restore the effect or function of Tex cells, indicating that this T cell subset plays a key role in tumor immunotherapy. The understanding of the mechanism of CD8+ T cell exhaustion will be helpful to the implementation of tumor immunotherapy. This article reviews the production, differentiation and functional characteristics of Tex cells and their relationship with tumor immunotherapy.

Clinical and Pathological Research Status of Multiple Pulmonary Nodules

With the changes in disease spectrum and the popularization of screening of low-dose spiral CT (CT) in the chest, more and more pulmonary nodules have been detected, most of which are bipulmonary multiple nodules. The existence of multiple pulmonary nodules means that it may be a pathological state of benign and malignant co-existence. The origin and evolution of pulmonary nodules in different histopathological states have a great impact on the choice of treatment methods. In recent years, the rise of immunotherapy has brought a breakthrough in the treatment of refractory lung cancer. However, some patients are still ineffective in immunotherapy, which may be related to the immune microenvironment where nodules are proportioned in different components in different pathological states. This review article mainly predicts the development process of nodules by analyzing the origin of multiple pulmonary nodules and the immune microenvironment of nodules in different pathological conditions, so as to provide guidance for clinical treatment.

泌尿系结石患者尿路大肠埃希菌感染的临床特点及药物敏感性分析

目的分析泌尿系结石患者尿路大肠埃希菌感染的临床特点及药物敏感性情况,为临床合理用药提供参考。方法回顾性分析广州医科大学附属第一医院泌尿外科2010年1月-2015年12月泌尿系结石患者中段尿培养分离的大肠埃希菌对常见抗菌药物敏感性的结果。结果泌尿系结石合并尿路大肠埃希菌感染的患者共1 894例。其中,男性患者555例(29.30%),平均年龄54.05岁,女性患者1 339例(70.70%),平均年龄53.24岁。41~60岁年龄段的男、女性患者比例最大,分别占41.34%和55.82%。大肠埃希菌对头孢美唑、头孢替坦、丁胺卡那霉素、替加环素、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦以及碳青霉烯类(厄他培南、美罗培南、亚胺培南)等抗菌药物的敏感性高于90%以上;对氨苄西林、头孢唑啉、头孢噻肟、头孢曲松、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星等抗菌药物的敏感性低于40%。结论泌尿系结石患者尿路大肠埃希菌对喹诺酮类及部分第3代头孢菌素类抗菌药物的敏感性较低,不适合用于经验性治疗;而对头孢美唑、头孢替坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦以及碳青霉烯类等抗菌药物则较为敏感,临床治疗中需根据药敏结果进行规范用药。

内镜下套扎硬化序贯治疗食管曲张静脉疗效及预后影响因素的探讨

目的观察内镜下套扎(EVL)及硬化序贯治疗在肝硬化食管静脉曲张患者中应用的疗效,并研究预后的相关危险因素。方法收集未进行内镜下治疗的食管静脉曲张破裂出血患者设为对照组,仅进行药物治疗,共106例,研究组为内镜下治疗+药物治疗患者,入组共113例,研究组中又随机分为单纯套扎组(EVL组)和套扎硬化序贯组,观察治疗后曲张静脉消除率、再出血率、总治疗次数、死亡率和术中及术后并发症,进行比较。并比较对照组和研究组肝功能Child-Turcotte-Pugh(CTP)分级和终末期肝病模型(MELD)不同评分的再出血率和死亡率,分析预后影响因素,评价其对预后的诊断价值。结果对照组、EVL组和套扎硬化序贯组再出血率分别为41.51%、10.53%和10.64%,对照组与套扎硬化序贯组比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);3组的死亡率分别为15.09%、5.26%和2.13%,对照组与EVL组、对照组与序贯组、EVL与序贯组比较,分别为P>0.05、P=0.001和P>0.05;套扎硬化序贯治疗的半年内复发率44.68%,EVL组复发率73.68%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.021);无论是对照组还是EVL组和序贯治疗组,肝功能CTP C级的再出血、死亡率明显高于A级;MELD模型中,受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)的曲线下面积(AUC)再出血率对照组、序贯组分别为0.944和0.851,死亡率两组分别为0.881和0.984,而复发率EVL组、序贯组分别为0.914和0.765,MELD评分对再出血和死亡的预测具有重要价值。结论套扎硬化序贯治疗能明显降低肝硬化食管曲张静脉患者的再出血率和死亡率,且套扎硬化序贯治疗的复发率要低于单纯套扎。肝功能CTP评分评级和MELD评分对再出血和死亡的预测均具有重要价值,套扎硬化序贯治疗能明显降低CTP为B级和C级静脉曲张的再出血和死亡率,并提高再出血和死亡的MELD阈值。

60例AIDS患者骨髓细胞形态学特征及预后关系

目的探讨获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者骨髓细胞形态学特征,为快速诊断AIDS以及预后提供依据。方法回顾性分析广西医科大学第一附属医院行HIV检查的疑似AIDS患者60例,对其中HIV阳性患者行骨髓细胞学检查,并对检查结果进行统计学分析。结果AIDS患者取材60份,取材满意度为100%。其中马尔尼菲青霉菌(PM)检出8例、淋巴瘤细胞检出1例;有核细胞增生活跃57例,粒红细胞比值升高27例、降低26例;骨髓细胞常见异常表现型分布前3的依次为:淋巴细胞减少、红细胞核形态异常、红细胞缗钱状排列。截止最后随访时间,60例HIV阳性患者死亡27例,总生存率为45.0%,增生活跃者死亡率为11.67%,低于增生不活跃者(P<0.05)。结论AIDS患者的骨髓细胞学特点主要表现为粒细胞、红细胞、巨核细胞系统一系或多系病态造血,淋巴细胞比率降低,常伴组织细胞反应性增殖或活化,骨髓细胞检测可以用于AIDS的筛查。

复方聚乙二醇电解质散末次服药时间对结肠镜检查质量的影响

目的 探讨复方聚乙二醇电解质散末次服药时间对结肠镜检查质量的影响。方法 选取2020年3月-2020年9月于重庆医科大学附属永川医院内镜中心行结肠镜检查的1 612例门诊患者作为研究对象,采用随机数表法将1 612例患者分为干预A组(n=403)、干预B组(n=403)、对照A组(n=403)和对照B组(n=403)。其中,干预A组有3例药物剂量服用错误,干预B组有5例数据部分缺失,对照A组有2例肠道清洁剂种类错误,对照B组有6例数据缺失,以上16例数据被剔除。该研究最终共纳入1 596例,干预A组400例,干预B组398例,对照A组401例,对照B组397例。干预组:末次服药时间按照预约次序依次延长15 min,末次服药时间至镜检开始时间间隔(以下简称时间间隔)控制在3~5 h。其中,干预A组镜检时间为8点至10点和14点至16点,干预B组镜检时间为10点至12点和16点至18点。对照组:末次服药时间固定,上午检查者末次服药时间为5点,下午检查者末次服药时间为11点。其中,对照A组镜检时间为8点至10点和14点至16点,时间间隔维持在3~5 h,对照B组镜检时间为10点至12点和16点至18点,时间间隔> 5 h。根据波士顿肠道准备量表(BBPS)评分,记录每位受检者肠道准备情况,并详细记录进退镜时间和息肉检出情况。结果 各组时间间隔分别为:干预A组3.88 (3.31,4.45) h,干预B组4.01 (3.26,4.51) h,对照A组4.30 (3.95,4.65) h,对照B组5.91 (5.70,6.25) h。对照B组的BBPS评分和息肉检出率明显低于干预A组、干预B组及对照A组,进退镜时间也较其他3组明显延长,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);对照A组、干预A组及干预B组之间的BBPS评分、息肉检出率和进退镜时间行两两比较,差异均无统计学意义(P> 0.05)。结论 末次服药时间控制在镜检开始前3~5 h,可获得较好的肠道准备质量。通过调整末次服药时间,可提高预约次序较后患者的肠道准备质量和息肉检出率,并缩短进退镜时间。

急性胰腺炎患者外周血CD14^+CD16^+单核细胞表达B7-H2的临床意义

背景急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是常见的急腹症,不同类型预后不同.AP的免疫应答和失衡免疫与其严重程度有关,炎症因子和相关免疫细胞在AP发病机制中至关重要,因而寻找炎症细胞和新炎症免疫因子对精准治疗AP具有重要意义.目的探讨AP患者外周血CD14^+CD16^+单核细胞表达B7-H2的临床意义.方法A P患者63例[轻度A P(m i l dA P,M A P)25例、中度AP(moderately severe AP,MSAP)20例、重度AP(severe AP,SAP)18例],对照组为健康体检者20例,采用流式细胞仪检测CD14^+CD16^+细胞亚群上B7-H2表达情况,评价其与胰腺炎严重程度关联性及临床意义.结果AP患者发病24hCD14^+CD16^+细胞B7-H2出现异常高表达,显著高于健康对照组(t=11.10,P<0.001);A P各组B 7-H 2在C D 14^+C D 16^+细胞膜上表达明显高于CD14^+C D16^-细胞膜上表达(P<0.01);SAP组CD14^+C D 16^+和CD14^+C D 16^-细胞B7-H2表达(373.30±89.72和78.62±13.05)最高,M S A P组(279.55±76.95/44.92±12.44)其次,均高于M A P组(181.15±35.75/23.32±4.28),各组两两比较差异有显著性(P<0.01);MAP组、MSAP组发病24 h、48 h、72hCD14^+CD16^+和CD14^+CD16^-单核细胞膜B7-H2动态表达差异无显著性(P>0.05),然而,SAP组无论C D14^+C D16^+还是CD14^+C D16^-细胞膜B7-H2表达24h、48h、72h均呈明显上升趋势,差异有显著性(P<0.05).结论CD14^+CD16^+和CD14^+CD16^-单核细胞膜B7-H2在AP患者体内高表达,与AP严重程度密切相关,且SAP呈动态升高变化;同时B7-H2在AP患者CD14^+CD16^+单核细胞膜表达较CD14^+CD16^-单核细胞明显升高,为进一步认识AP免疫应答和失衡提供了新的线索,为AP精准靶向治疗提供参考.

四川西昌电池厂沟火后泥石流成灾特征及防治措施分析

火后泥石流是一种裹挟大量松散物质的特殊性洪流,与林火密切相关,其成灾特征与常规泥石流差异显著,因此常规泥石流的防治经验对其不完全适用。西昌“3·30”火灾后,火烧迹地火后泥石流频发,严重威胁当地人民生命财产安全。研究火后泥石流的成灾特征,并针对性提出综合防治措施是必要且迫切的。文中以四川省凉山州西昌市新村电池厂沟为研究对象,分析了火烧迹地及流域特征,研究了火后泥石流成灾特征并提出相应的防治措施。结果表明,电池厂沟过火面积占总面积的83.37%,严重火烧区占33.47%,地表灰烬层广泛堆积于坡面,松散物源中坡面物源占69.83%。火后泥石流表现出频发性:首次暴发于火后一个月左右,首个雨季累计暴发5次;且泥石流起动降雨阈值低,易发性激增。据此,对该沟提出相应的防治措施:短期应急(坡面枯木清理、植被恢复、简易谷坊坝);中期治理(沟内拦砂坝辅以坝后沉沙池);长期预防(森林防火、植被保护、预警避险)。短期、中期方案已在电池厂沟实施,工程竣工后至今,综合治理效果得到了初步检验,可为今后火后泥石流防治提供参考。

Prostate cancer in Asia:A collaborative report

The incidence of prostate cancer(PCa)within Asian population used to be much lower than in the Western population;however,in recent years the incidence and mortality rate of PCa in some Asian countries have grown rapidly.This collaborative report summarized the latest epidemiology information,risk factors,and racial differences in PCa diagnosis,current status and new trends in surgery management and novel agents for castration-resistant prostate cancer.We believe such information would be helpful in clinical decision making for urologists and oncologists,health-care ministries and medical researchers.

Autoantibodies against tumor-associated antigens for detection of hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. The survival rate after the onset of symptoms is generally less than one year for the late presentation of HCC, and reliable tools for early diagnosis are lacking. Therefore, novel biomarkers for the early detection of HCC are urgently required. Recent studies show that the abnormal release of proteins by tumor cells can elicit humoral immune responses to self-antigens called tumor-associated antigens(TAAs). The corresponding autoantibodies can be detected before the clinical diagnosis of cancer. Therefore, there is growing interest in using serum autoantibodies as cancer biomarkers. In this review, we focus on the advances in research on autoantibodies against TAAs as serum biomarker for detection of HCC, the mechanism of the production of TAAs, and the association of autoantibodies with patients' clinical characteristics.

Current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China-Analyses of Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium database

Objective:To investigate current status of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer in China.Methods:A database was generated by Chinese Bladder Cancer Consortium(CBCC).From January 2007 to December 2012,14,260 cases from 44 CBCC centers were included.Data of diagnosis,treatment and pathology were collected.Results:The average age was 63.5 year-old and most patients were male(84.3%).The most common histologic types were urothelial carcinoma(91.4%),adenocarcinoma(1.8%),and squamous carcinoma(1.9%).According to 1973 and 2004 WHO grading system,42.0%,41.0%,and 17.0% of patients were grade 1,2,and 3,and 16.0%,48.7%,and 35.3% of patients were papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential,low,and high grade,respectively.Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)and muscle invasive bladder cancer(MIBC)were 25.2% and 74.1%,respectively(0.8% not clear).Carcinoma in situ was only 2.4%.Most patients were diagnosed by white-light cystoscopy with biopsy(74.3%).Fluorescence and narrow band imaging cystoscopy had additional detection rate of 1.0% and 4.0%,respectively.Diagnostic transurethral resection(TUR)provided detection rate of 16.9%.Most NMIBCs were treated with TUR(89.2%).After initial TUR,2.6%accepted second TUR,and 45.7%,69.9%,and 58.7% accepted immediate,induced,and maintenance chemotherapy instillation,respectively.Most MIBCs were treated with radical cystectomy(RC,59.7%).Laparoscopic RCs were 35.1%,while open RC 63.4%.Extended and standard pelvic lymph node dissection were 7% and 66%,respectively.Three most common urinary diversions were orthotopic neobladder(44%),ileal conduit(31%),and ureterocutaneostomy(23%).Only 2.3% of patients accepted neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and only 18%of T3 and T4 patients accepted adjuvant chemotherapy.Conclusion:Disease characteristics are similar to international reports,while differences of diagnosis and treatment exist.This study can provide evidences for revisions of the guideline on bladder cancer in China.