胃神经内分泌癌的临床病理特征及预后分析

目的:探讨胃神经内分泌癌(gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma,G-NEC)、胃混合性腺-神经内分泌癌(gastric mixed adenoendocrine carcinoma,G-MANEC)的临床病理特征及预后因素。方法:回顾性收集2015年5月至2023年5月于长治医学院附属和平医院就诊并行手术治疗的67例G-NEC、G-MANEC患者的临床资料,并分析其病理特征。结果:与胃腺癌相比,G-NEC、GMANEC患者好发于男性的贲门部、确诊时年龄更大、肿瘤直径更大、术前更易发生贫血、低白蛋白、更易侵犯神经和脉管、肿瘤浸润深度更深、淋巴结转移数更多、TNM分期更晚、术后更易发生远处转移。G-NEC、G-MANEC患者的预后较胃腺癌差(P=0.001),而G-NEC和G-MANEC在病理特征(P>0.05)及预后分析(P=0.212)差异均无统计学意义。单因素生存分析显示:年龄、术前白蛋白、术前CEA、淋巴结转移数、TNM分期和术后远处转移是影响患者总生存期(overall survival,OS)的危险因素;多因素分析显示:年龄、术前白蛋白、TNM分期和术后远处转移是影响OS的独立危险因素。结论:G-NEC、G-MANEC与胃腺癌的临床特征存在显著性差异,且确诊时多处于进展期,术后易发生远处转移。年龄>60岁、术前白蛋白<40 g/L、TNM分期Ⅱ/Ⅲ期、术后发生远处转移的患者预后较差。

Genome Wide Transcriptomic Analysis of <i>WRKY</i>Gene Family Response to Biotic Stresses in <i>Malus</i>×<i>domestica</i>

Apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is a perennial woody plant that often suffers from various biological stresses. Many harmful pathogens can infect apple trees and lead to reduced production. We comprehensively identified the WRKY genes in the apple genome and analyzed their expression in response to several biological stressors, including Alternaria alternata, Pythium ultimum, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Erwinia amylovora, Penicillium expansum, Gymnosporangium yamadae, and Apple replant disease. There were 113 MdWRKYs identified in the apple genome. Twenty-two MdWRKYs were differentially expressed in response to at least five pathogens. Promoter sequence analysis showed that these genes carried many defense- and stress-responsive elements, such as MeJA-response elements, salicylic acid-response elements, and W-box elements, in their promoters. Transient expression assays showed that MdWRKY40a and MdWRKY54h played negative roles in defense against B. dothidea infection. WRKY40 and WRKY60 and the MdWKRY33s might play important roles in responding to pathogens and are conserved in some plants. These differentially expressed MdWRKYs might play key roles in the apple response to multiple pathogens.

Long-term antiviral efficacy of entecavir and liver histology improvement in Chinese patients with hepatitis B virus-related cirrhosis

AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of 240-wk treatment with entecavir(0.5 mg) in Chinese nucleosidenaive patients with cirrhosis.METHODS: A total of 204 nucleoside-naive patients with compensated(n = 96) or decompensated(n = 108) hepatitis B virus(HBV)-induced cirrhosis at the Department of Gastroenterology of the China-Japan Union Hospital(Jilin University, Changchun, China) who were treated with entecavir(0.5 mg) for 240 wk were enrolled in this study. Liver biopsy samples obtained from 38 patients prior to treatment(baseline) and at week 240 were evaluated by different independent histopathologists. Efficacy assessments included the proportions of patients who achieved an HBV DNA level < 500 copies/m L, the association of interleukin-28 B genetic variation with antivirus therapy, clinical outcomes, and histologic improvement. Changes in liver disease severity were analyzed, and liver histologic evaluation was performed in 38 patients with paired biopsies. Student t tests were used to compare the means of continuous variables between the groups, and the proportions of patients who achieved the endpoints were compared using the χ2 test.RESULTS: At week 240, 87.5% of the patients with compensated cirrhosis and 92.6% of the patients with decompensated cirrhosis achieved a HBV DNA level < 500 copies/m L. Three patients had genotypic entecavir resistance within the 240-wk period. No significant association was observed between virologic response and interleukin-28 genotype(CT, 88.2% vs CC, 90.6%). The proportion of patients with Child-Pughclass A disease was significantly increased at week 240(68%) from the baseline(47%; P < 0.01). The proportion of patients with Child-Pugh class B disease was significantly decreased at week 240(25%) from the baseline(39%; P = 0.02). In the patients with paired liver biopsies, the mean reduction in the Knodell necroinflammatory score from the baseline was 3.58 ± 1.03 points(7.11 ± 1.80 vs 3.53 ± 1.35, P < 0.01). The mean reduction in Ishak fibrosis score from the baseline was 1.26 ± 0.64 points(5.58 ± 0.50 vs 4.32 ± 0.81, P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Entecavir is an effective treatment option for patients with HBV-related compensated or decompensated cirrhosis that can result in sustained virologic suppression and histologic improvement.

3.0T 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy for assessment ofsteatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C

AIM To investigate the utility of 1H magneticresonance spectroscopy （1H MRS） as a noninvasivetest for steatosis in patients infected with hepatitis Cvirus.METHODS： Ninety patients with chronic hepatitisC and pathology data underwent 3.0T 1H MRS, andthe results of MRS and pathological analysis werecompared.RESULTS： This group of patients included 26 peoplewith mild fatty liver （28.89%）, 16 people withmoderate fatty liver （17.78%）, 18 people with severefatty liver （20.0%）, and 30 people without fatty liver（33.33%）. The water peak was near 4.7 parts permillion （ppm）, and the lipid peak was near 1.3 ppm.Analysis of variance revealed that differences in thelipid peak, the area under the lipid peak, ratio of thelipid peak to the water peak, and ratio of the areaunder the lipid peak to the area under the waterpeak were statistically significant among the groups.Specifically, as the severity of fatty liver increased, thevalue of each index increased correspondingly. In thepairwise comparisons, the mean lipid peak, area underthe lipid peak, ratio of the lipid peak to the waterpeak, and ratio of the area under the lipid peak to thearea under the water peak were significantly differentbetween the no fatty liver and moderate fatty liver groups, whereas no differences were noted betweenthe severe fatty liver group and the mild or moderatefatty liver group. Area under the ROC curve （AUC） ofarea ratio in lipid and water and ratio in lipid and waterin the no fatty liver group to mild fatty liver group, mildfatty liver group to moderate fatty liver group, andmoderate fatty liver disease group to severe fatty livergroup, were 0.705, 0.900, and 0.975, respectively.CONCLUSION： 1H MRS is a noninvasive techniquethat can be used to provide information on the effectof liver steatosis on hepatic metabolic processes. Thisstudy indicates that the 1H MRS can be used as anindicator of steatosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Design and Analysis of Novel Ka Band NOMA Uplink Relay System for Lunar Farside Exploration

This paper proposes a novel Ka band non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)uplink relay system for Lunar farside exploration,where a satellite relay node with the help of NOMA scheme,amplifies and forwards the signal from the Earth Base Station(EBS)to a Lunar rover and a lander.We assume that the signal undergoes shadowed-Rician fading for the source-relay link and Rayleigh fading for the relay-destination link.Then,the analytical expressions for the outage probability(OP)and ergodic capacity are derived for the satellite relay node equipped with single and multiple antennas,respectively.In addition,we obtain the optimal power allocation coefficients by maximizing the sum ergodic capacity of the system,and we calculate the power consumption of the NOMA uplink relay system to achieve the same OP performance of OMA system and provide some useful guides for the design of the Earth-to-Lunar communication system.Simulations are provided to confirm the reliability of our analytical results and show the impact of various parameters on the system performance.

Exogenous melatonin alleviated growth inhibition and oxidative stress induced by drought stress in apple rootstock

Drought stress is one of the major environmental obstacles that limit the production and development of apples(Malus domestica Borkh.).The role of melatonin is well known in the protection of plants under environmental stresses.In this study,we investigated the effect of melatonin on apple rootstock M.hupehensis Rehd under drought stress.The results showed that drought inhibited the growth of M.hupehensis and dramatically reduced root surface area,root volume,the number of tips and forks,and root diameter.Drought-induced growth inhibition was significantly decreased by adding melatonin.Net photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO_(2)concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),were markedly reduced under drought stress.However,the application of melatonin could mitigate the damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and increase the quantum yield of PSII photochemistry.Additionally,generation of hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and superoxide radicals(O_(2)^(•–))sharply increased in apple leaves after 4 days under drought stress,and the accumulation of electrolyte leakage(EL)represented oxidative stress,while by applying melatonin under drought stress,the generation of O_(2)^(•–)and H_(2)O_(2)were significantly reduced and protected the membrane from drought damages.These results suggest that the adverse effects of drought can be minimized by applying melatonin to apples.

Isolated synchronous Virchow lymph node metastasis of sigmoid cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive tract.Lymphatic metastases of this tumor are mostly confined to the regional lymph nodes,and distant supraclavicular lymph node metastases are very rare.CASE SUMMARY In this report,we describe a patient with sigmoid carcinoma and isolated synchronous supraclavicular lymph node metastases.A 56-year-old male presented with a left cervical mass that was confirmed as a lymph node metastasis from sigmoid cancer by several auxiliary examinations.After 6 cycles of chemotherapy with the 5-fluorouracil,leucovorin and oxaliplatin+cetuximab regimen,the sigmoid colon tumor and Virchow’s lymph node metastasis were significantly smaller than before treatment,and no new metastatic sites were observed.Considering the effects of chemotherapy on quality of life,resection of the primary tumor was performed followed by 4 cycles of chemotherapy with the original chemotherapy regimen.Virchow’s lymph node dissection was selected by mutual consultation between the patient and us.After the second surgery,the patient received capecitabine and cetuximab chemotherapy and did not experience recurrence or metastasis during follow-up.CONCLUSION In conclusion,supraclavicular lymph node metastasis without any other solid organ metastasis is a potential metastatic pathway for CRC.In addition,after resection of the primary lesion,postoperative chemotherapy combined with supraclavicular lymph node dissection is feasible for the treatment of patients with CRC and isolated synchronous Virchow’s lymph node metastases.

Contrasting Drought Tolerance in Two Apple Cultivars Associated with Difference in Leaf Morphology and Anatomy

Apple is one of the most important fruit trees in temperate zones, and is cultivated widely throughout the world. Drought stress affects the normal growth of apple tree, and further affects fruit yield and quality. The present study examined the effects of drought on photosynthesis and water use efficiency (WUE) of two apple cultivars (Honeycrisp and Yanfu 3) that differ in drought tolerance. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate decreased in response to drought stress for both cultivars, with significant differences in intensity. Values for net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in stressed Yanfu 3 remained significantly lower than in the controls, while, for Honeycrisp, only a slight drop in photosynthesis. Similarly, stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), transpiration rate (Tr) were markedly reduced in Yanfu 3 under drought stress. However, Honeycrisp showed only minor changes. Under drought stress, the contents of Chl a, Chl b and Chl t in Yanfu 3 were all decreased significantly compared with the control. However, little difference in Honeycrisp was noted between stressed plants and controls. Values for WUE in stressed Yanfu 3 remained higher than in the controls from day 3 until the end of the experiment, while no significant difference was observed in Honeycrisp. Furthermore, Honeycrisp also exhibited superior physiological traits, as indicated by its anatomical and morphological characteristics. Therefore, we conclude that the superior drought tolerance of Honeycrisp was due to its anatomical and morphological characteristics, which possibly contributed to the maintenance of higher photosynthetic capacity than Yanfu 3.

Response of erosion reduction effect of typical soil and water conservation measures in cropland to rainfall and slope gradient changes and their applicable range in the Chinese Mollisols Region,Northeast China

Mollisols are rich in organic matter,which makes them suitable for cultivation and for enhancing global food security.Mollisols are experiencing severe soil erosion due to overfarming and a lack of mainte-nance.Thus,suitable soil and water conservation measures(SWCMs)are needed to protect Mollisols.However,how SWCMs respond to changes in slope gradient and rainfall and their effective application area remain ambiguous.Using a long-term field observation dataset,meta-analysis,and statistical test methods,we reveal the typical erosion reduction effect of SWCMs and their responses to changes in slope gradient and rainfall.Next,we calculated a coupling factor,P.S,by slope gradient and rainfall in flood season to determine the effective SWCMs application threshold.Compared with bare land,no-tillage(NT),contour ridge tillage(CT),ridge hedgerows(RH),and terraced fields(TF)had an average erosion reduction coefficient of 91.5%.There was a significant exponential increase in the correlation between P.S and the soil erosion amount in plots with typical measures.According to this correlation and soil loss tolerance(200 t/km^(2)),the upper limits of PS(NT:564 mm;CT:885 mm;RH:1135 mm)were determined and utilized to determine the effective application areas(NT:311.40103 km^(2);CT:320.86103 km^(2);RH:323.72103 km^(2))at the plot scale.In wet years,the applicable area of SWCMs declined toward the low-elevation foothills and flat terrain.All the results are applicable when slope length within 20 m.These results provide a basis for the precise allocation of SWCMs in Mollisols area and promote the scientific utilization of Mollisols resources.

Pipeline血流导向装置与传统支架辅助栓塞治疗颈内动脉未破裂中小型动脉瘤的疗效比较分析

目的评价Pipeline血流导向装置(Pipeline flow diverter,PED)治疗未破裂颈内动脉中小型动脉瘤的安全性及有效性。方法收集2018年1月至2022年2月我院神经介入科采用PED及支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞(stent-assisted coiling,SAC)治疗的53例颈内动脉未破裂动脉瘤患者的临床资料,并进行回顾性分析及组间对比。分别采用O Kelly Marotta(OKM)分级及Raymond分级评估术后即刻及随访时动脉瘤的栓塞程度;采用改良Rankin量表评分(mRS)评价患者围手术期及随访时的神经功能;介入治疗术后3个月开始采用DSA或CTA随访复查动脉瘤的闭塞情况及支架通畅情况。结果共有符合纳入标准患者53例,其中PED 31例,SAC 22例。两组患者性别、年龄等基线数据均无统计学差异。PED组34枚动脉瘤的术后即刻DSA显示造影剂明显滞留,OKM A级9枚(26.4%),B级7枚(20.6%),C级14枚(41.2%),D级4枚(11.8%)。SAC组24枚动脉瘤的术后即刻DSA显示,RaymondⅠ级16枚(66.7%),Ⅱ级7枚(29.1%),Ⅲ级1枚(4.2%)。手术时间在PED组和SAC组之间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.003<0.05),围手术期出现不良事件为9例,PED组4例,SAC组5例,两组之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.49)。PED组术后平均随访时间为(6.4±1.8)个月(范围:5~12个月);SAC组术后平均随访时间为(10.4±9.0)个月(范围:2~30个月)。对术后动脉瘤闭塞情况进行观察,PED组完全闭塞28例(84.8%),SAC组完全闭塞17例(77.3%)。SAC组术后复发4例,PED组未见术后复发。术后随访中所有患者预后良好,mRS≤2,无出血或缺血导致的术后不良事件发生。结论使用PED治疗颈内动脉未破裂中小型动脉瘤可以缩短手术时间,具有不弱于支架辅助栓塞治疗的动脉瘤完全闭塞率及安全性,且在避免术后复发方面具有明显优势,但长期疗效仍需进一步的随访观察。

Achieving ultra-broadband electromagnetic absorption of Ag regulated hollow Ag/CuO@CuS through balancing conduction loss and impedance matching

Excellent impedance matching and high conduction loss are important factors for the preparation of high-performance electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorbing materials,but these two properties are of-ten contradictory.In this work,three absorbers with unique hollow structures,H-Ag/CuO@CuS,H-O-Ag/CuO@CuS,and H-P-Ag/CuO@CuS,are designed and synthesized by adopting hollow CuO@CuS with double shell as carrier and silver nitrate as the structural regulator.The more voids coming from hol-low structures,window-opened structures,and stacked pores improve the impedance matching of these absorbers,and the introduction of elemental Ag effectively regulates the conduction loss.Therefore,a balance between impedance matching and conduction loss is achieved to improve the reflection loss(RL)value and broadens the absorbing band of the absorbers.In comparison to H-Ag/CuO@CuS and H-O-Ag/CuO@CuS(hollow structure with open window)in which elemental Ag is uniformly dispersed in the CuO layer,H-P-Ag/CuO@CuS exhibits more excellent EMW absorption performance due to more voids and an optimized conductive network arising from Ag/CuO pieces distributed between the hol-low Ag/CuO@CuS particles and Ag distributed in the CuS layer.When the thickness is 2.3 mm,H-P-Ag/CuO@CuS provides an ultra-wide electromagnetic absorption band of 8.56 GHz(9.44-18 GHz),in which the RL<-10 dB and the minimum reflection loss of-41 dB.

纳米酶的发展态势与优先领域分析

纳米酶作为中国科学家的原创科研成果之一,是多学科交叉融合的产物.本文简要综述了纳米酶的发展现状,并基于文献计量学的视角,重点关注自2007年以来纳米酶领域的论文发表数量和被引用情况、研究机构和国家/地区情况、研究主题及其演变规律、国际发展态势比较分析等方面,系统梳理了纳米酶的发展历程,呈现了纳米酶可视化的知识图谱;并结合专家研判,展望了纳米酶领域未来的发展方向.

河西走廊沙地芦苇(Phragmites australis)根际土壤微生物群落多样性

以河西走廊绿洲-荒漠过渡带不同固定程度的沙地生境(半固定沙丘迎风坡、半固定沙丘背风坡、固定沙丘和丘间平地)生长的芦苇(Phragmites australis)为研究对象,应用高通量测序技术,对芦苇根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的结构和多样性特征进行了分析比较。结果表明:4种沙地生境芦苇根际土壤微生物的群落多样性存在较明显的差异,细菌和真菌群落的OTU(操作分类单元)数量均为固定沙丘最高。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)为芦苇根际土壤中主要的优势细菌菌群,其中变形菌门和放线菌门在4种沙地类型中的相对丰度最高;真菌群落中的优势菌群为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basideiomycota),其中子囊菌门为主要优势菌门。不同沙地生境芦苇根际土壤的理化性质存在显著差异,有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量均随着沙丘固定程度的增加呈增大趋势,均为丘间平地最高,固定沙丘次之,背风坡较低,迎风坡最小;土壤pH值及有机质、碱解氮和速效磷含量对芦苇根际土壤细菌和真菌群落的多样性存在较显著的影响(P<0.05)。

Mutant p53 promotes cell spreading and migration via ARHGAP44

The tumor suppressor p53 protein is either lost or mutated in about half of all human cancers.Loss of p53 function is well known to influence cell spreading,migration and invasion.While expression of mutant p53 is not equivalent to p53 loss,mutant p53 can acquire new functions to drive cell spreading and migration via different mechanisms.In our study,we found that mutant p53 significantly increased cell spreading and migration when comparing with p53-null cells.RNA-Seq analysis suggested that Rho GTPase activating protein 44(ARHGAP44) is a new target of mutant p53,which suppressed AKHGAP44 transcription.ARHGAP44 has GAP activity and catalyze GTP hydrolysis on Cdc42.Higher level of GTP-Cdc42 was correlated with increase expression of mutant p53 and reduced ARHGAP44.Importantly,wt-ARHGAP44 but not mutant ARHGAP44(R291A) suppressed mutant p53 mediated cell spreading and migration.Bioinformatics analysis indicated lower expression of ARHGAP44 in lung carcinoma compared with normal tissues,which was verified by RT-qPCR using specimens from patients.More interestingly,ARHGAP44 mRNA level was lower in tumors with mutant p53 than those with normal p53.Collectively,our results disclose a new mechanism by which mutant p53 stimulates cell spreading and migration.

Photothermal therapy with regulated Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway for treating bacteria-induced periodontitis

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by bacterial infection,developed by excessive immune response,and aggravated by high level of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Hence,herein,a versatile metal-organic framework(MOF)-based nanoplatform is prepared using mesoporous Prussian blue(MPB)nanoparticles to load BA,denoted as MPB-BA.The established MPB-BA nanoplatform serves as a shelter and reservoir for vulnerable immunomodulatory drug BA,which possesses antioxidant,anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects.Thus,MPB-BA can exert its antioxidant,anti-inflammatory functions through scavenging intracellular ROS to switch macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype so as to relieve inflammation.The underlying molecular mechanism lies in the upregulation of phosphorylated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)to scavenge ROS and subsequently inhibit the nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signal pathway.Moreover,MPB-BA also exhibited efficient photothermal antibacterial activity against periodontal pathogens under near-infrared(NIR)light irradiation.In vivo RNA sequencing results revealed the high involvement of both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways after MPB-BA application.Meanwhile,micro-CT and immunohistochemical staining of p-Nrf2 and p-P65 further confirmed the superior therapeutic effects of MPB-BA than minocycline hydrochloride.This work may provide an insight into the treatment of periodontitis by regulating Nrf2/NF-κB signaling pathway through photothermal bioplatform-assisted immunotherapy.

Adsorption of Co(Ⅱ)from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals

A study on the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions by water treatment residuals(WTR)was conducted in batch conditions. The sorption process of Co(Ⅱ) followed pseudosecondorder kinetics, with 30 hr required to reach equilibrium. Using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, a relatively high maximum sorption capacity of 17.31 mg/g Co(Ⅱ) was determined. The adsorption of Co(Ⅱ) was dependent on pH values and was affected by the ionic strength. Results show that Co(Ⅱ) adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process and was favorable at high temperature. Most of the adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) stayed on the WTR permanently, whereas only small amounts of adsorbed Co(Ⅱ) were desorbed. The shifting of peaks in FT-IR spectra indicated that Co(Ⅱ) interacted with the WTR surface through strong covalent bond formation with Fe(Al)–O functional groups. It was concluded that WTR can be a suitable material from which to develop an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Co(Ⅱ) from wastewater.

Nondestructive inspection of a brick-timber structure in a modern architectural heritage building:Lecture hall of the Anyuan Miners' Club,China

Detailed survey and inspection of the structure of the lecture hall of the Anyuan Miners’Club were conducted during a restoration project.Nondestructive inspection measures were used to assess the physical and mechanical conditions of the structure.The brick and wood structures of the building were tested,the overall bearing capacity was calculated,and a safety appraisal was conducted in accordance with the codes and standards of the existing building.Inspection results provide architects and construction engineers with reliable data to develop a preservation plan and ensure the safety of the heritage building.

Synthesis,Bioactivity Evaluation,3D-QSAR,and Molecular Docking of Novel Pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides as Potential Fungicides Targeting Succinate Dehydrogenase

To screen novel antifungal agents targeting the succinate dehydrogenase(SDH),a series of pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides were rationally designed,synthesized,and characterized under the guidance of the structures of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors(SDHIs).Bioassay results in vitro indicated that most of the target compounds exhibited excellent activity against Rhizoctonia solani(R.solani),Fusarium graminearum(F.graminearum),Botrytis cinerea(B.cinerea)and Colletotrichum capsica(C.cinerea).Compounds 7d,7l,7t and 7x were identified as the most promoting candidates,and their anti-F.graminearum EC50 values were as low as 0.56,0.47,0.46 and 0.49μg/mL,respectively,presenting the similar antifungal activity as that of the commonly used fungicide carbendazim(0.43μg/mL).The 3D-QSAR models were built for a systematic structure-activity relationship profile to explore more potent pyrazole-4-carbohydrazides as novel fungicides.Molecular docking of 7d,7l and 7r with SDH was performed to reveal the binding modes in active pocket and analyze the interactions between the molecules and the SDH protein.

Influence of local anesthesia on the outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment

Background:There is limited evidence of the effects of local anesthesia(LA)on outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment(NSPT),in particular among the Chinese.This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effects of LA on short-term treatment outcomes of NSPT and to determine under what circumstances LA should be prescribed to improve these outcomes.Methods:Data from periodontal examinations of 3980 patients were used.The data were from 3-month re-evaluation records of an electronic periodontal charting record system in the Department of Periodontology of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology from June 2008 to January 2015.Descriptive analyses included changes in probing depth(PD)and the Mazza bleeding index(BI).Two-level(patient and tooth)logistic regression models and three-level(patient,tooth,and site)linear regression models were constructed to analyze the influence of LA on PD for all teeth/sites and teeth/sites with an initial PD≥5 mm.Decreases in PD and BI at sites under LA using the initial PD were also compared.Results:A significantly higher mean decrease in PD after NSPT was found in the LA group than in the no local anesthesia(NLA)group(0.98 vs.0.54 mm,t=24.12,P<0.001).A significantly higher probability of decreases was found in the LA group in BI(percentages of teeth with BI>1 and BI>2)for all teeth(16.7%vs.13.8%,t=3.75,P<0.001;34.7%vs.28.1%,t=6.73,P<0.001)and PD for teeth with PD≥5mm(32.3%vs.17.3%,t=28.48,P<0.001).The difference in PD between the LA and NLA groups increased as the initial PD increased.The difference between the two groups was 0.12 to 0.22 mm for sites with a baseline PD<7 mm;however,it increased to 0.41 to 1.37 mm for sites with a baseline PD≥7 mm.Conclusions:LA improved the decrease in PD after NSPT.Root debridement at sites with initial PD≥7 mm should be performed under routine LA.

Power Allocation Optimization of Multibeam High-Throughput Satellite Communication Systems

The increasing demands in terms of high data rate and quality of services over the hybrid satellite-terrestrial relay networks(HSTRN)have pushed for the development of millimeter-wave(mmWave)band high-throughput satellites(HTS)with multibeams.The next generation of mmWave multibeam HTS communication systems(HTSCS)is viewed as the backbone network to enhance the throughput of the HSTRN.The article first investigates the basic backbone topology architecture of HTSCS,and an M-state Markov channel for the Ka/Q/V band mmWave systems is reviewed.Then,we propose a long-term optimal power allocation scheme over two in-dependent and identical spot beams based on the partially observable Markov decision process(POMDP),which can partly mitigate the negative effects of severe weather conditions.The key conditions for selecting the optimal power allocation action in the multibeam HTSCS are given.Simulation results show that our POMDP-based power allocation scheme can enhance the long-term throughput of the HTSCS.