This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island （UHI） effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI）, Land Surface Temperature （LST） data obtained fr...This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island （UHI） effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI）, Land Surface Temperature （LST） data obtained from Earth Observing System/Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （EOS/MODIS） information, and correlation and composite analyses. The results show： （1） Areas with high temperature are primarily located in the center of the city or nearby counties, while low temperature areas are in the suburbs of counties. The area with high temperature has expanded in recent years and some high-temperature centers have even migrated to certain other regions. （2） The UHI intensity tends to be stronger both in annual and seasonal variations, especially in winter. Also, LST is somewhat positively related to mean air temperature. （3） A negative correlation exists between the changes of LST and NDVI with the increase of vegetation from urban to rural areas in different seasons. （4） The UHI intensity is negatively correlated with precipitation while positively correlated with wind speed, and the relation between the UHI intensity and evaporation varies with the seasons, namely, the intensity is positively correlated with summer evaporation but negatively corre- lated with winter evaporation. （5） UHI intensity might be enhanced by intensified urbanization, wherein built-up areas expand, there is increased heat from human activity, and there is more artificial heat input to the atmosphere.展开更多
APPLE评分是预测心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术后复发的风险预测评分,其包括年龄>65岁、持续性房颤、慢性肾功能不全[肾小球滤过率估算值≤60 mL/(min·1.73 m ^2)]、左心房直径≥43 mm和左心室射血分数<50%,每项危险因素各赋值1...APPLE评分是预测心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术后复发的风险预测评分,其包括年龄>65岁、持续性房颤、慢性肾功能不全[肾小球滤过率估算值≤60 mL/(min·1.73 m ^2)]、左心房直径≥43 mm和左心室射血分数<50%,每项危险因素各赋值1分,范围0~5分。近年来关于APPLE评分在预测房颤消融术后复发的研究已成为临床热点话题之一,提示APPLE评分对房颤射频消融术后复发患者的危险分层具有较好的预测价值。现对国内外关于APPLE评分的临床应用及最新进展进行简要综述,以了解APPLE评分的研究现状及相关研究带来的启示。展开更多
基金supported by programs of the Institute of Urban Meteorology (No. UMRF200705)the China Meteorological Administration (No. CMATG2010M24)the Institute of Plateau Meteorology (No. BROP200705)
文摘This paper analyzes the Urban Heat Island （UHI） effect in Lhasa City of Tibet using meteorological observations, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index （NDVI）, Land Surface Temperature （LST） data obtained from Earth Observing System/Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （EOS/MODIS） information, and correlation and composite analyses. The results show： （1） Areas with high temperature are primarily located in the center of the city or nearby counties, while low temperature areas are in the suburbs of counties. The area with high temperature has expanded in recent years and some high-temperature centers have even migrated to certain other regions. （2） The UHI intensity tends to be stronger both in annual and seasonal variations, especially in winter. Also, LST is somewhat positively related to mean air temperature. （3） A negative correlation exists between the changes of LST and NDVI with the increase of vegetation from urban to rural areas in different seasons. （4） The UHI intensity is negatively correlated with precipitation while positively correlated with wind speed, and the relation between the UHI intensity and evaporation varies with the seasons, namely, the intensity is positively correlated with summer evaporation but negatively corre- lated with winter evaporation. （5） UHI intensity might be enhanced by intensified urbanization, wherein built-up areas expand, there is increased heat from human activity, and there is more artificial heat input to the atmosphere.
文摘APPLE评分是预测心房颤动(房颤)射频消融术后复发的风险预测评分,其包括年龄>65岁、持续性房颤、慢性肾功能不全[肾小球滤过率估算值≤60 mL/(min·1.73 m ^2)]、左心房直径≥43 mm和左心室射血分数<50%,每项危险因素各赋值1分,范围0~5分。近年来关于APPLE评分在预测房颤消融术后复发的研究已成为临床热点话题之一,提示APPLE评分对房颤射频消融术后复发患者的危险分层具有较好的预测价值。现对国内外关于APPLE评分的临床应用及最新进展进行简要综述,以了解APPLE评分的研究现状及相关研究带来的启示。
