Diabetes and high-glucose could upregulate the expression of receptor for activated C kinase 1 in retina

BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is a major ocular complication of diabetes mellitus,leading to visual impairment.Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)injury is a key component of the outer blood retinal barrier,and its damage is an important indicator of DR.Receptor for activated C kinase 1(RACK1)activates protein kinase C-ε(PKC-ε)to promote the generation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in RPE cells,leading to apoptosis.Therefore,we hypothesize that the activation of RACK1 under hypoxic/high-glucose conditions may promote RPE cell apoptosis by modulating PKC-ε/ROS,thereby disrupting the barrier effect of the outer blood retinal barrier and contributing to the progression of DR.AIM To investigate the role and associated underlying mechanisms of RACK1 in the development of early DR.METHODS In this study,Sprague-Dawley rats and adult RPE cell line-19(ARPE-19)cells were used as in vivo and in vitro models,respectively,to explore the role of RACK1 in mediating PKC-εin early DR.Furthermore,the impact of RACK1 on apoptosis and barrier function of RPE cells was also investigated in the former model.RESULTS Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats showed increased apoptosis and upregulated expression of RACK1 and PKC-εproteins in RPE cells following a prolonged modeling.Similarly,ARPE-19 cells exposed to high glucose and hypoxia displayed elevated mRNA and protein levels of RACK1 and PKC-ε,accompanied by an increases in ROS production,apoptosis rate,and monolayer permeability.However,silencing RACK1 significantly downregulated the expression of PKC-εand ROS,reduced cell apoptosis and permeability,and protected barrier function.CONCLUSION RACK1 plays a significant role in the development of early DR and might serve as a potential therapeutic target for DR by regulating RPE apoptosis and barrier function.

Lung ultrasound score evaluation of the effect of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed on patients undergoing laparoscopicassisted radical gastrectomy

BACKGROUND Laparoscopic-assisted radical gastrectomy(LARG)is the standard treatment for early-stage gastric carcinoma(GC).However,the negative impact of this proce-dure on respiratory function requires the optimized intraoperative management of patients in terms of ventilation.AIM To investigate the influence of pressure-controlled ventilation volume-guaranteed(PCV-VG)and volume-controlled ventilation(VCV)on blood gas analysis and pulmonary ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC based on the lung ultrasound score(LUS).METHODS The study included 103 patients with GC undergoing LARG from May 2020 to May 2023,with 52 cases undergoing PCV-VG(research group)and 51 cases undergoing VCV(control group).LUS were recorded at the time of entering the operating room(T0),20 minutes after anesthesia with endotracheal intubation(T1),30 minutes after artificial pneumoperitoneum(PP)establishment(T2),and 15 minutes after endotracheal tube removal(T5).For blood gas analysis,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO_(2))and partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO_(2))were observed.Peak airway pressure(P_(peak)),plateau pressure(Pplat),mean airway pressure(P_(mean)),and dynamic pulmonary compliance(C_(dyn))were recorded at T1 and T2,1 hour after PP establishment(T3),and at the end of the operation(T4).Postoperative pulmonary complications(PPCs)were recorded.Pre-and postoperative serum interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTS Compared with those at T0,the whole,anterior,lateral,posterior,upper,lower,left,and right lung LUS of the research group were significantly reduced at T1,T2,and T5;in the control group,the LUS of the whole and partial lung regions(posterior,lower,and right lung)decreased significantly at T2,while at T5,the LUS of the whole and some regions(lateral,lower,and left lung)increased significantly.In comparison with the control group,the whole and regional LUS of the research group were reduced at T1,T2,and T5,with an increase in PaO_(2),decrease in PaCO_(2),reduction in P_(peak) at T1 to T4,increase in P_(mean) and C_(dyn),and decrease in Pplat at T4,all significant.The research group showed a significantly lower incidence of PPCs than the control group within 3 days postoperatively.Postoperative IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αsignificantly increased in both groups,with even higher levels in the control group.CONCLUSION LUS can indicate intraoperative non-uniformity and postural changes in pulmonary ventilation under PCV-VG and VCV.Under the lung protective ventilation strategy,the PCV-VG mode more significantly improved intraop-erative lung ventilation in patients undergoing LARG for GC and reduced lung injury-related cytokine production,thereby alleviating lung injury.

Evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness of 131I-antiEGFR-BSA-PCL in a mouse model of colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the biological effects of internal irradiation, and the therapeutic effectiveness was assessed of ^(131)I-labeled anti-epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) liposomes, derived from cetuximab, when used as a tumor-targeting carrier in a colorectal cancer mouse model.METHODS: We described the liposomes and characterized their EGFR-targeted binding and cellular uptake in EGFR-overexpressing LS180 colorectal cancer cells. After intra-tumor injections of 74 MBq(740 MBq/m L) ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL, we investigated the biological effects of internal irradiation and the therapeutic efficacy of ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL on colorectal cancer in a male BALB/c mouse model. Tumor size, body weight, histopathology, and SPECT imaging were monitored for 33 d post-therapy.RESULTS: The rapid radioiodine uptake of ^(131)I-antiEGFR-BSA-PCL and ^(131)I-BSA-PCL reached maximum levels at 4 h after incubation, and the ^(131)I uptake of ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL was higher than that of ^(131)I-BSAPCL in vitro. The ^(131)I tissue distribution assay revealed that ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL was markedly taken up by the tumor. Furthermore, a tissue distribution assay revealed that ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL was markedly taken up by the tumor and reached its maximal uptake value of 21.0 ± 1.01 %ID/g(%ID/g is the percentage injected dose per gram of tissue) at 72 h following therapy; the drug concentration in the tumor was higher than that in the liver, heart, colon, or spleen. Tumor size measurements showed that tumor development was significantly inhibited by treatments with ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL and ^(131)I-BSA-PCL. The volume of tumor increased, and treatment rate with ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL was 124% ± 7%, lower than that with ^(131)I-BSA-PCL(127% ± 9%), ^(131)I(143% ± 7%), and normal saline(146% ± 10%). The percentage losses in original body weights were 39% ± 3%, 41% ± 4%, 49% ± 5%, and 55% ± 13%, respectively. The best survival and cure rates were obtained in the group treated with ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL. The animals injected with ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL and ^(131)I-BSA-PCL showed more uniform focused liposome distribution within the tumor area.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the potential beneficial application of ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL for treating colorectal cancer. ^(131)I-anti EGFR-BSA-PCL suppressed the development of xenografted colorectal cancer in nude mice, thereby providing a novel candidate for receptor-mediated targeted radiotherapy.

Using preoperative N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery in Chinese advanced-age patients

BACKGROUND N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP)is often viewed as an indicator for heart failure.However,the prognostic association and the predictive utility of NT-proBNP for postoperative major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery(MINS)among older patients are unclear.METHODS In this study,we included 5033 patients aged 65 years or older who underwent noncardiac surgery with preoperative NT-proBNP recorded.Logistic regression was adopted to model the associations between preoperative NT-proBNP and the risk of MACEs and MINS.The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to determine the predictive value of NT-proBNP.RESULTS A total of 5033 patients were enrolled,63 patients(1.25%)and 525 patients(10.43%)had incident postoperative MACEs and MINS,respectively.Analysis of the receiver operating characteristic curve indicated that the cutoff values of ln(NT-proBNP)for MACEs and MINS were 5.16(174 pg/mL)and 5.30(200 pg/mL),respectively.Adding preoperative ln(NT-proBNP)to the Revised Cardiac Risk Index score and the Cardiac and Stroke Risk Model boosted the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves from 0.682 to 0.726 and 0.787 to 0.804,respectively.The inclusion of preoperative NT-proBNP in the prediction models significantly increased the reclassification and discrimination.CONCLUSIONS Increased preoperative NT-proBNP was associated with a higher risk of postoperative MACEs and MINS.The inclusion of NT-proBNP enhances the predictive ability of the preexisting models.

Mitochonic acid 5 regulates mitofusin 2 to protect microglia

Microglial apoptosis is associated with neuroinflammation and no effective strategies are currently available to protect microglia against inflammation-induced apoptosis. Mouse microglial BV-2 cells(5 × 10^6) were incubated with 10 μg/mL lipopolysaccharides for 12 hours to mimic an inflammatory environment. Then the cells were co-cultured with mitochonic acid 5(MA-5) for another 12 hours. MA-5 improved the survival of lipopolysaccharide-exposed cells. MA-5 decreased the activity of caspase-3, which is associated with apoptosis. MA-5 reduced the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling-positive cells, and increased adenosine triphosphate levels in cells. MA-5 decreased the open state of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore and reduced calcium overload and diffusion of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase(Smac). MA-5 decreased the expression of apoptosis-related proteins(mitochondrial Smac, cytoplasmic Smac, pro-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-3, and caspase-9), and increased the levels of anti-apoptotic proteins(Bcl2 and X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), mitochondria-related proteins(mitochondrial fusion protein 2, mitochondrial microtubule-associated proteins 1 A/1 B light chain 3 B II), and autophagy-related proteins(Beclin1, p62 and autophagy related 5). However, MA-5 did not promote mitochondrial homeostasis or decrease microglial apoptosis when Mitofusin 2 expression was silenced. This shows that MA-5 increased Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy, reversed cellular energy production and maintained energy metabolism in BV-2 cells in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. These findings indicate that MA-5 may promote the survival of microglial cells via Mitofusin 2-related mitophagy in response to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.

Research on Test Methods for AI Industrial Application Capabilities of Smart Mobile Terminals

A test method and system for AI industrial application capabilities of smart terminals. The method includes the following steps: According to the temperature change values of different AI industrial applications executed by standard smart terminal equipment under different equipment parameters, the equipment parameters and temperature changes of standard smart terminal equipment are constructed. Correlation model;obtain the device parameters of the smart terminal device to be tested, and obtain the predicted value of the temperature change of the smart terminal device to be tested based on the correlation model between the device parameters of the standard smart terminal device and the temperature change;Measure the actual value of the temperature change of the intelligent terminal device executing different AI industrial applications;obtain the test result of the intelligent terminal device to be tested according to the predicted value of the temperature change and the actual value of the temperature change.

Reducing the Common Environmental Effect on Litopenaeus vannamei Body Weight by Rearing Communally at Early Developmental Stages and Using a Reconstructed Pedigree

Heritability estimates may be severely biased when a large common environmental effect on a family arises from a longlasting separate rearing at early stages(SRES)in traditional selective breeding programs,especially when bred populations have weak genetic ties.Communal rearing at early stages(CRES)may reduce common environmental effect since all families are reared in the same environment immediately after hatching.Here,we compared the effects of CRES and SRES strategies on genetic parameter estimation for harvest body weight in a selective breeding population of Litopenaeus vannamei with a small number of half-sib families.Genetic parameters of each strategy were estimated by using animal models excluding and including the common environmental effect(Model 1 and Model 2,respectively).Heritability estimates for body weight were 0.21±0.06(P<0.05)and 0.69±0.09(P<0.05)for CRES and SRES,respectively,in Model 1,and 0.21±0.06(P<0.05)and 0.52±0.27(P>0.05)in Model 2.The ratio of common environmental variance to phenotypic variance was 0.002±0.000 and 0.071±0.112 for CRES and SRES,respectively.Neither strategy precisely partitioned the common environmental variance according to likelihood ratio test.Lower heritability for body weight in CRES than in SRES implied that a large common environmental variance was confounded with additive genetic variance and was not effectively partitioned in SRES.Moreover,genetic correlation of body weight between the two strategies was 0.75±0.15,indicating that family rankings truly changed.The CRES should be followed in the selective breeding program of shrimp,especially in a population with a shallow pedigree and weak genetic ties between families.

An Anti-Poisoning Attack Method for Distributed AI System

In distributed AI system, the models trained on data from potentially unreliable sources can be attacked by manipulating the training data distribution by inserting carefully crafted samples into the training set, which is known as Data Poisoning. Poisoning will to change the model behavior and reduce model performance. This paper proposes an algorithm that gives an improvement of both efficiency and security for data poisoning in a distributed AI system. The past methods of active defense often have a large number of invalid checks, which slows down the operation efficiency of the whole system. While passive defense also has problems of missing data and slow detection of error source. The proposed algorithm establishes the suspect hypothesis level to test and extend the verification of data packets and estimates the risk of terminal data. It can enhance the health degree of a distributed AI system by preventing the occurrence of poisoning attack and ensuring the efficiency and safety of the system operation.

METTL14 downregulation drives S100A4^(+)monocyte-derived macrophages via MyD88/NF-κB pathway to promote MAFLD progression

Without intervention,a considerable proportion of patients with metabolism‐associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)will progress from simple steatosis to metabolism‐associated steatohepatitis(MASH),liver fibrosis,and even hepatocellular carcinoma.However,the molecular mechanisms that control progressive MAFLD have yet to be fully determined.Here,we unraveled that the expression of the N6-methyladenosine(m6A)methyltransferase METTL14 is remarkably downregulated in the livers of both patients and several murine models of MAFLD,whereas hepatocyte-specific depletion of this methyltransferase aggravated lipid accumulation,liver injury,and fibrosis.Conversely,hepatic Mettl14 overexpression alleviated the above pathophysiological changes in mice fed on a high-fat diet(HFD).Notably,in vivo and in vitro mechanistic studies indicated that METTL14 downregulation decreased the level of GLS2 by affecting the translation efficiency mediated by YTHDF1 in an m6A-depedent manner,which might help to form an oxidative stress microenvironment and accordingly recruit Cx3cr1^(+)Ccr2^(+)monocyte-derived macrophages(Mo-macs).In detail,Cx3cr1^(+)Ccr2^(+)Mo-macs can be categorized into M1-like macrophages and S100A4-positive macrophages and then further activate hepatic stellate cells(HSCs)to promote liver fibrosis.Further experiments revealed that CX3CR1 can activate the transcription of S100A4 via CX3CR1/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in Cx3cr1^(+)Ccr2^(+)Mo-macs.Restoration of METTL14 or GLS2,or interfering with this signal transduction pathway such as inhibiting MyD88 could ameliorate liver injuries and fibrosis.Taken together,these findings indicate potential therapies for the treatment of MAFLD progression.

基于多任务学习的同行评审论文接收预测

同行评审论文接收预测是一项具有重要意义的任务,其有效提升了同行评审的效率和质量。以往的同行评审论文接收预测方法大多以单任务的形式研究,并未充分利用论文评分等其它辅助信息,同时也未有效提取同行评审文本的语义特征。针对上述问题,文中提出了一种多任务同行评审文本分析模型BCLJ(BERT-CNN-LSTM-Joint Model,BCLJ)。首先,使用BERT作为词向量获得文本的矩阵表示;然后,引入卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)和长短期记忆网络(Long Short-Term Memory Network,LSTM)进行语义特征的提取,并运用注意力机制增强对文本信息的理解能力;最后,利用不同的全连接层进行多任务学习,获得论文接受预测和评分预测两种输出,通过评分预测任务来优化主分类任务。实验结果表明,多任务模型在论文接收预测任务和评分预测任务中表现出色高于其他的基线模型,在论文接收预测任务中准确率达到了0.7117,F1值达到了0.7101,在论文评分预测任务中MSE,RMSE和MAE分别为1.3690,1.1700和0.9324。

基于机器学习的出血性脑卒中后病况预测研究

出血性脑卒中是一种具有高死亡率、高致残率的急性脑血管疾病,建立出血性脑卒中后患者的临床病况预测模型对于临床医学界研究具备十分重要的意义。为此本文首先对100位出血性脑卒中患者医学特征数据进行预处理,构建相似距离矩阵填补缺失值,建立了基于Stacking的多模型融合方法预测患者48 h内发生血肿扩张概率;其次,引入SMOTE算法解决患者mRS评分类别分布不均衡问题,分别选用全部特征与提取特征带入以CatBoost作为分类器的SHAP模型,构建出血性脑卒中患者术后90天mRS评分预测模型,综合探究了影响患者90天mRS评分的医学特征因素。实验仿真结果表明,发病后血肿的灰度特征和形状特征对短期内的血肿扩张影响较大,且发病短期内患者右侧大脑前动脉是否出现水肿、水肿和水肿的形状变化体征对预后是否有症状和明显残疾影响程度较高。

基于AT-LSTM-BP的生态-经济-城镇化耦合探索及预测——以黄河流域省份为例

深入研究生态–经济–城镇化的协调发展状况,以2005~2021年黄河9省数据为例,采用耦合协调度、Dagum基尼系数及障碍因子模型分析了三系统的耦合发展关系、区域差异及来源,并构建AT-LSTM-BP模型预测生态发展情况。结果表明:(1)黄河流域的耦合协调度总体呈现“中度不协调–勉强协调–中度协调–高度协调”的演化规律。且表现出下游>中游>上游的空间格局。(2)区域间差异是黄河流域耦合协调水平差异的主要来源,其中上–下游区域之间差异最大。总体及上游区域内的差异均呈扩大趋势,中、下游区域内差异呈现显著倒“U”型。(3)黄河流域三系统的耦合协调发展主要受到经济规模、环境治理和环境要素的制约,上–中–下游的各省的主要障碍因子存在一定差异。(4)组合模型预测结果明显优于单一模型,经济发展、城镇化建设综合指标对生态环境质量指标的驱动作用显著。AT-LSTMBP模型的预测效果最佳,能为相关研究带来帮助。

Real-Variable Theory of Local Variable Hardy Spaces

In this paper, we give a complete real-variable theory of local variable Hardy spaces.First, we present various real-variable characterization in terms of several local maximal functions.Next, the new atomic and the finite atomic decomposition for the local variable Hardy spaces are established. As an application, we also introduce the local variable Campanato space which is showed to be the dual space of the local variable Hardy spaces. Analogous to the homogeneous case, some equivalent definitions of the dual of local variable Hardy spaces are also considered. Finally, we show the boundedness of inhomogeneous Calderon–Zygmund singular integrals and local fractional integrals on local variable Hardy spaces and their duals.

A novel anastomotic vacuum-assisted closure system for cervical anastomotic fistula after three-incisional esophagectomy

Introduction Surgery remains the mainstay treatment for localized esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).In recent years,three-incision McKeown esophagectomy has been widely applied for operable ESCC considering its superiority in acquiring extensive lymphadenectomy and long-termsurvival[1].Cervical anastomotic fistula is one of the most dreaded complications in patients undergoing three-incision esophagectomy;it occurs in almost 10%–25%of patients and is responsible for almost 40%of post-operative deaths[2,3].Most surgeons prefer conservative approaches including perianastomotic drainage,total parenteral nutrition,nasogastric decompression,and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics for cervical anastomotic fistula[4,5].However,the recovery period under this method is commonly long and unsatisfactory.Until now,the optimal treatment for cervical anastomotic fistula has not yet been established.In this study,we describe a flushingdrainage system under negative pressure conditions to treat cervical anastomotic fistula,named anastomotic vacuum-assisted closure(AVAC).

年龄及甲状腺球蛋白抗体阳性水平对分化型甲状腺癌预后的影响

目的在不同年龄段甲状腺球蛋白抗体(TgAb)阳性的分化型甲状腺癌(differentiated thyroid cancer,DTC)患者中,探讨经手术及131I治疗后的预后影响因素及TgAb水平及变化趋势等在DTC患者预后及随访中的价值。方法回顾性分析131例TgAb阳性的DTC患者临床资料,按照年龄分为年轻组(年龄<55岁,95例)与年长组(年龄≥55岁,36例),根据疗效评价分为疗效满意组(110例)和疗效不满意组(21例),采用χ2检验、t检验等比较不同组别间临床病理特征。通过logistic回归分析影响患者预后的独立危险因素。通过受试者工作特征曲线确定诊断DTC患者持续或复发的TgAb界值,以Kaplan-Meier回归曲线分析TgAb转阴时间。P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果在年轻组患者中,131I治疗前血清TgAb水平高及肿瘤合并颈侧区淋巴结转移是患者预后差的独立影响因素[OR=0.89(95%CI 0.83~0.95),OR=0.15(95%CI 0.05~0.52);均P<0.05],而年长组患者肿瘤腺外侵犯以及131I治疗前血清TgAb越高则患者预后越差[OR=0.05(95%CI 0~0.83),OR=0.91(95%CI 0.76~1.13);P<0.05]。预测DTC持续或复发的血清TgAb界值为315.5 IU/mL(年轻组为246.0 IU/mL,年长组为516.5 IU/mL)。所有患者血清TgAb平均转阴时间为(26.37±2.22)个月[年轻组为(23.28±2.37)个月,年长组为(32.64±4.07)个月],首次131I治疗后1年TgAb下降率>50%的患者发生疾病持续或复发的概率均低于未下降组(P<0.05)。结论在年轻组患者中131I治疗前血清TgAb水平高及合并颈侧区淋巴结转移是患者预后差的独立影响因素,而年长组肿瘤腺外侵犯以及131I治疗前血清TgAb越高患者预后越差,131I治疗后1年内TgAb的变化率可能可以作为预测TgAb阳性患者疾病状态的早期标志物。

Numerical Simulation and Vertical Motion Control of Rolls for Variable Gauge Rolling

The vertical motion control of the roll was studied in order to improve the accuracy in simulation of variable gauge rolling. The discretization was carried out in the transition zone of TRB according to the principle of volume invariance. Based on this assumption, the formula for time step of vertical motion of rolls was proposed and the time-displacement curve of the verti- cal motion of rolls was established. In the preliminary simulation, the time-displacement curve was used as an initial method to control the vertical motion of rolls. Based on the simulation result, the formula for vertical velocity of roll in variable gauge rolling was derived from the common rolling principle. According to the formula, reasonable vertical velocity of rolls in the subsequent simulation was determined. It can accurately control the motion of rolls along the vertical direction. The desired thickness and out- line profile of transition zone were acquired and the formula proved effective by the simulation. Further analysis shows that the di fference of thickness in the thick zone and the thin zone of TRB, length of the transition zone of TRB, radius of work rolls and rota- tion speed of rolls have a significant effect on the vertical velocity of rolls.

Boundedness of multilinear singular integrals on central Morrey spaces with variable exponents

We prove the boundedness for a class of multi-sublinear singular integral operators on the product of central Morrey spaces with variable exponents.Based on this result,we obtain the boundedness for the multilinear singular integral operators and two kinds of multilinear singular integral commutators on the above spaces.