Nano-alumina@cellulose-coated separators with the reinforcedconcrete-like structure for high-safety lithium-ion batteries

Separators play a critical role in the safety and performance of lithium-ion batteries.However,commercial polyolefin separators are limited by their poor affinity with electrolytes and low melting points.In this work,we constructed a reinforced-concrete-like structure by homogeneously dispersing nano-Al_(2)O_(3) and cellulose on the separators to improve their stability and performance.In this reinforcedconcrete-like structure,the cellulose is a reinforcing mesh,and the nano-Al_(2)O_(3) acts as concrete to support the separator.After constructing the reinforced-concrete-like structure,the separators exhibit good stability even at 200℃(thermal shrinkage of 0.3%),enhanced tensile strain(tensile stress of 133.4 MPa and tensile strains of 62%),and better electrolyte wettability(a contact angle of 6.5°).Combining these advantages,the cells with nano-Al_(2)O_(3)@cellulose-coated separators exhibit stable cycling performance and good rate performance.Therefore,the construction of the reinforced-concretelike structure is a promising technology to promote the application of lithium-ion batteries in extreme environments.

A Ruddlesden-Popper oxide as a carbon dioxide tolerant cathode for solid oxide fuel cells that operate at intermediate temperatures

Solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs) that operate at intermediate temperatures of 600 to 800℃ have recently received increased attention due to their improved durability, more rapid startup and shutdown, better sealing and lower cost than their counterparts operate at high temperatures. Nevertheless, intermediatetemperature SOFCs(IT-SOFCs) with popular perovskite cathodes contain alkaline-earth elements, which are prone to reaction with carbon dioxide(CO_(2)), even when the CO_(2) content is comparatively low. In this work, an alkaline-earth metal-free Ruddlesden-Popper oxide, Nd_(1.8)La_(0.2)Ni_(0.74)Cu_(0.21)Ga_(0.05)O_(4+δ)(NLNCG), is developed for IT-SOFC cathodes. The cell is based on an electrolyte with 8%(mol) Y_(2)O_(3)-stabilized Zr O_(2)(8YSZ). The NLNCG cathode exhibits an excellent CO_(2) tolerance, as proven by thermogravimetry analysis,in situ X-ray diffraction, I-V-P test, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), and stability measurements. The anode-supported single-cell Ni O-YSZ|YSZ|NLNCG outputs a peak power density of 0.522 W·cm^(-2) at 800℃. These findings suggest that NLNCG could be a highly suitable cathode material with CO_(2) tolerance for IT-SOFCs.

Simultaneous generation of electricity, ethylene and decomposition of nitrous oxide via protonic ceramic fuel cell membrane reactor

Ethylene,one of the most widely produced building blocks in the petrochemical industry,has received intense attention.Ethylene production,using electrochemical hydrogen pump-facilitated nonoxidative dehydrogenation of ethane(NDE)to ethylene,is an emerging and promising route,promoting the transformation of the ethylene industry from energy-intensive steam cracking process to new electrochemical membrane reactor technology.In this work,the NDE reaction is incorporated into a BaZr_(0.1)Ce_(0.7)Y_(0.1)Yb_(0.1)O_(3-δ)electrolyte-supported protonic ceramic fuel cell membrane reactor to co-generate electricity and ethylene,utilizing the Nb and Cu doped perovskite oxide Pr_(0.6)Sr_(0.4)Fe_(0.8)Nb_(0.1)Cu_(0.1)O_(3-δ)(PSFNCu)as anode catalytic layer.Due to the doping of Nb and Cu,PSFNCu was endowed with high reduction tolerance and rich oxygen vacancies,showing excellent NDE catalytic performance.The maximum power density of the assembled reactor reaches 200 mW cm^(-2)at 750℃,with high ethane conversion(44.9%)and ethylene selectivity(92.7%).Moreover,the nitrous oxide decomposition was first coupled in the protonic ceramic fuel cell membrane reactor to consume the permeated protons.As a result,the generation of electricity,ethylene and decomposition of nitrous oxide can be simultaneously obtained by a single reactor.Specifically,the maximum power density of the cell reaches 208 mW cm^(-2)at 750℃,with high ethane conversion(45.2%),ethylene selectivity(92.5%),and nitrous oxide conversion(19,0%).This multi-win technology is promising for not only the production of chemicals and energy but also greenhouse gas reduction.

法律视域下的宋代疫病信息报告制度

疫病信息的上报是宋廷及时了解疫情并迅速采取应对措施的首要环节,宋廷运用法律的约束功能规范官员上报行为,建立了信息互核与问责制度。以诏令为主的法律形式弥补了宋代法律体系中对疫病规范的不足,呈现出体系化、制度化特征。而信息的传播在疫病防治过程中发挥了重要作用并成为稳定社会秩序的手段。宋廷注重疫病防治成效,适时调适法律规定,最大限度促使法律“活”化,这一点对当代国家快速应对公共卫生危机有积极的借鉴作用。

择善而从——宏观分析师能否影响个股分析师的预测？

国内生产总值等宏观经济指标,对政府、企业、个人的投资融资决策具有重大的指导意义。近日来,首席经济学家的宏观分析能力备受市场追逐。"见贤思齐""择善而从",在同一家券商工作的宏观分析师可能会帮助个股分析师建立宏观分析意识,增强对宏观政策的分析能力。本文从宏观与微观的影响出发,围绕宏观分析对个股分析师的影响进行分析,研究发现个股分析师对负面消息反应不足,但当个股分析师所在券商雇佣了宏观分析师时,个股分析师对负面经济形势的反应不足得到了缓解,市场认可宏观分析师的帮助作用。本文从宏观政策对微观经济的影响出发,为宏微观领域的研究提供实证证据,为投资者进行投资决策以及监管机构制定政策提供依据,研究结果具有参考价值与研究意义。

异氰脲酸酯改性聚氯乙烯泡沫的制备与耐热性能

以甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,硬脂酸钾为三聚催化剂,采用本体聚合法合成了三聚甲苯二异氰酸酯(tTDI),然后将不同tTDI含量的TDI溶液作为交联剂制备交联聚氯乙烯泡沫材料。通过红外光谱、核磁碳谱分析研究了泡沫制备过程中化学结构的变化以及最终的交联网络。结果表明,在最终泡沫的交联网络中实现了异氰脲酸酯结构的定量引入。动态力学热分析对泡沫玻璃化温度的研究表明,无苯酐的体系中三聚体含量在10%左右出现拐点;有苯酐改性的体系中,泡沫的玻璃化转变温度随着三聚体含量的增加,呈线性升高趋势。

Advances in locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma combined with immunotherapy and targeted therapy

Locoregional therapies(LRTs)of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)represented by ablation and TACE has become the main means for the clinical treatment of unresectable HCC.Among these,TACE is used throughout the stageⅠb toⅢb of HCC treatment.In recent years,immunotherapy led by immune checkpoint inhibitors has become a hot direction in clinical research.At the same time,targeted drugs such as Sorafenib and Apatinib have played an important role in the treatment and complementary therapy of advanced HCC,and their clinical application has been quite mature.HCC is the sixth most common malignant tumor in the world.When it comes to its treatment,different therapies have different indications,and their individual efficacies are not satisfactory,which makes the exploration of the use of combination therapy in HCC treatment become a new trend.In this paper,the status of the three therapies and the progress of their combined application are briefly reviewed.

Enhanced air filtration performance under high-humidity condition through electrospun membranes with optimized structure

The separation stability under high-humidity is significant in practical applications for air filters.Herein,hydrophobic polyvinyl chloride(PVC)nanofiber filters with bead-on-string structure are designed to steadily remove particle matter under high relative humidity of 90%-95%.The developed hydrophobic filters possess comparable separation performance with the hydrophilic one,but greatly enhanced stability.After the introduction of beadon-string structure,the filtration performance can be furtherly improved due to the formed large cavities and hydrophobicity.Such hydrophobic PVC filters can be promising candidates for air purification in practical applications especially in wet seasons.

The facile insertion of β-keto sulfones to arynes:The direct preparation of polysubstituted ortho-keto benzyl sulfones

One novel carbon-carbon bond insertion reaction of arynes has been developed. By this reaction β-keto sulfones can insert the triple bond of arynes to prepare polysubstituted ortho-keto benzyl sulfones.

基于改进模板匹配的晶圆划切算法

当前国内晶圆自动划切的工业应用中,主要采用基于灰度的模板匹配方法,但其计算量大、划切效率较低。本文提出一种改进的基于几何边缘的模板匹配算法,通过Canny边缘检测生成合适的边缘模板,计算模板边缘曲线的梯度方向作为匹配信息进行相似度计算,采用相似度阈值判断优化搜索策略,然后在图像金字塔最顶层进行粗遍历匹配获得潜在匹配目标,逐层匹配直到最底层,以达到对传统的几何模版匹配算法进行加速的目的。实验表明,该方法具有较高的鲁棒性,对于目标均匀或非均匀变化的光照、部分遮挡的情况可以得到良好的匹配效果,而且算法在保证精度的同时可以满足实时性要求,适用于晶圆图像自动划切的工业应用。

MADRL-based UAV swarm non-cooperative game under incomplete information

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles(UAVs)play increasing important role in modern battlefield.In this paper,considering the incomplete observation information of individual UAV in complex combat environment,we put forward an UAV swarm non-cooperative game model based on Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning(MADRL),where the state space and action space are constructed to adapt the real features of UAV swarm air-to-air combat.The multi-agent particle environment is employed to generate an UAV combat scene with continuous observation space.Some recently popular MADRL methods are compared extensively in the UAV swarm noncooperative game model,the results indicate that the performance of Multi-Agent Soft Actor-Critic(MASAC)is better than that of other MADRL methods by a large margin.UAV swarm employing MASAC can learn more effective policies,and obtain much higher hit rate and win rate.Simulations under different swarm sizes and UAV physical parameters are also performed,which implies that MASAC owns a well generalization effect.Furthermore,the practicability and convergence of MASAC are addressed by investigating the loss value of Q-value networks with respect to individual UAV,the results demonstrate that MASAC is of good practicability and the Nash equilibrium of the UAV swarm non-cooperative game under incomplete information can be reached.

Free Vibration of Stiffened Plate with Cracked Stiffeners

In this paper,a new cracked stiffener model for the stiffener with a partthrough and open crack is proposed,considering the compatibility condition of displacements between the plate and the stiffener.Based on the first-order shear deformation theory,the free vibration of stiffened isotropic plates with cracked stiffeners are investigated for the first time.The description of the crack parameters is based on the continuous equivalent bending stiffness and equivalent depth of the cracked beam,and it takes into consideration of shear deformation,bending-extensional coupling vibration,and eccentricity between the stiffeners and the plate.The stiffened plates with single or multiple cracked stiffeners are formulated and discussed.The Ritz method with the modified characteristic functions is applied to demonstrate the effects of crack parameters(crack depth and location)coupling with the position and number of the cracked stiffeners on the vibration frequencies and modes of the stiffened plate.The validity and accuracy of the present solutions are verified through convergence studies and compared with the finite element results.

Bibliometric and visualized analysis of the correlation between sarcopenia and chronic liver diseases from 2000 to 2023

Aims:Chronic liver disease(CLD)is increasingly recognized as a significant global public health threat,with morbidity and mortality rates remaining high.Evidence suggests that sarcopenia independently increases the risk of CLD and negatively impacts various clinical outcomes,including survival,quality of life,and the emergence of additional complications in patients with CLD.This study aimed to give a bibliometric analysis to examine the correlation between sarcopenia and CLD from a literature perspective.Methods:To understand the structure of this research field,we employed VOSviewer.The research on the correlation between long‐term liver disease and sarcopenia was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection.VOSviewer 1.6.19.0 was utilized to examine and illustrate these publications,encompassing yearly patterns in the domain,focal points of research,significant articles,authors,journals,and organizations.Moreover,according to the results of the cluster analysis of keywords,we further searched and classified related studies to discuss.Results:This study provides a comprehensive analysis of current research trends,international collaboration models,fundamental understandings,key focus areas,and future research areas in the field of sarcopenia and CLD by reviewing publications from January 1,2000 to December 31,2023.Over the past 24 years,research in the field of sarcopenia and CLD has deepened,with a gradual increase in publications and citations from various countries,institutions,and authors.Keyword analysis of sarcopenia and CLD indicates that current research predominantly focuses on several key areas,including obesity,metabolic syndrome,hepatic steatosis,insulin resistance,inflammation,and nutrition therapy.Conclusion:This study provided a visual representation of the current research on the correlation between CLD and sarcopenia,including publication trends,global collaboration patterns,and research hotspots.This research contributes significantly by summarizing and discussing current research trends in sarcopenia and CLD,offering valuable insights into the complex relationship,and highlighting research trends,collaborations,and future directions in clinical treatment.

国有风投机构、分阶段投资与投资绩效

本文探究了国有风投机构与民营风投机构在分阶段投资策略上的差异化表现。本文发现,相较于民营风投机构,国有风投机构更少地进行分阶段投资。进一步研究发现,更高的延误成本是国有风投机构较少进行分阶段投资的重要原因。与此同时,国有风投机构的分阶段投资降低了其经济绩效,也对标的企业的创新水平产生了负面影响。除此之外,混合所有制和专业投资人才的引入能够缓解国有风投机构进行分阶段投资所带来的负面影响。本文从分阶段投资的角度出发,探究了国有风投机构的投资行为特征,有力地补充了相关领域的文献,并为十八大以来党中央、国务院大力推行的以“管资本”为核心的国有企业改革提供了重要的经验证据和有效的政策建议。

A Stackelberg game model with tax for regional air pollution control

The command-and-control regulation is likely inefficient and costly.This study investigates a regional pollution control scheme with tax(RPCST)under which the central government sets the tax rate under a given pollutant reduction quota and local governments determine their pollution removal rates based on the central government’s policy.First,a one-leader-multi-follower(OLMF)Stackelberg game model is formulated,in which the central government is the leader and the local governments are the followers.Then,a procedure based on bilevel programming and relaxation method is applied to solve the OLMF model.Finally,a case study analyzing the SO2 reduction of the Yangtze River Delta in China is conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the RPCST.The results show that RPCST works better than the current command-andcontrol scheme.Our analysis provides a guideline for governments to design optimal tax schemes to effectively solve the regional air pollution crisis.

Global scientific trends on portal hypertension and cirrhosis in the 21st century: A bibliometric and visualized analysis

To the Editor,Cirrhosis develops histologically as regenerative nodules surrounded by fibrous bands because of chronic liver injury,resulting in portal hypertension and end‐stage liver failure.Liver cirrhosis imposes a heavy health and economic burden on many countries.In 2014,Mokdad et al.1 reported the results of the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study(GBD).Global deaths from cirrhosis increased monotonically from just over 676,000 deaths in 1980(1.54%of global deaths)to more than 1 million deaths in 2010,or 1.95%.Portal hypertension is a group of disorders characterized by symptoms,such as hepatic encephalopathy.Cirrhosis is the main cause of portal hypertension,accounting for 80%–90%of cases.In addition,cirrhosis has fatal complications that greatly affect the quality of life of patients.

基于虚拟排斥力的移动多智能体覆盖控制动态博弈算法

为提高移动多智能体系统的覆盖控制效率,通常要求移动智能体在覆盖控制过程中进行多信息甚至全信息交互.在此情形下,覆盖控制成本和能耗将大幅增加.如何在提高移动智能体覆盖效率的同时,尽可能降低控制成本一直是移动智能体覆盖控制领域的重要课题之一.本文研究非完全信息条件下的移动多智能体覆盖控制方法,提出了基于虚拟排斥力的移动多智能体覆盖控制合作博弈算法.首先,将移动多智能体集群分解为若干个子集群,群中每个智能体只能观测到各自周围一定范围内其他智能体的信息,将移动多智能体集群的覆盖控制问题转化为非完全信息条件下移动多智能体子群的合作博弈分布覆盖问题;其次,给出了各移动智能体子群的博弈规则,并提出了一种基于虚拟排斥力的智能体分布覆盖博弈决策策略,用以计算并确定集群中每个智能体在覆盖控制过程中的新候选位置;第三,将移动多智能体系统覆盖控制问题分解为以刚性虚拟结构为参照系的覆盖控制问题,简化了多智能体系统覆盖控制中位移路径的规划设计.仿真算例表明,本文提出的基于虚拟排斥力的覆盖控制合作博弈算法,可以实现不完全信息条件下移动多智能体系统的分布覆盖控制任务,有效节约移动智能体的覆盖控制成本;同时,和已有的覆盖控制算法相比,本文提出的动态合作博弈覆盖算法,覆盖控制过程中智能体移动次数更少,覆盖率更高.

春江水暖鸭先知——分析师能否读懂国有部门采购?

政府采购是财政支出的重要组成部分,具有宏观调控作用,为中小企业和不发达地区企业带来"造血式"的扶持作用。本文首次研究了国有部门采购订单对分析师预测的影响,发现分析师能够识别国有部门采购订单的信息含量,对于获得越多国有部门采购订单的企业,分析师给予的投资评级越高,分析师预测越准确、分歧度越低,并研究了中央层级、稳定性采购订单和企业所有权的提升作用;之后,进一步围绕分析师的识别能力和国有部门采购的效果进行了研究。本文的发现对政府采购的推行具有重要现实意义,对投资者解读上市公司获取国有部门采购订单的信息含量具有启示作用。

Flow field analyses of a porous membrane-separated,double-layered microfluidic chip for cell co-culture

Organs-on-chips composed of a porous membrane-separated,double-layered channels are used widely in elucidating the effects of cell co-culture and flow shear on biological functions.While the diversity of channel geometry and membrane permeability is applied,their quantitative correlation with flow features is still unclear.Immersed boundary methods(IBM)simulations and theoretical modelling were performed in this study.Numerical simulations showed that channel length,height and membrane permeability jointly regulated the flow features of flux,penetration velocity and wall shear stress(WSS).Increase of channel length,lower channel height or membrane permeability monotonically reduced the flow flux,velocity and WSS in upper channel before reaching a plateau.While the flow flux in lower channel monotonically increased with the increase of each factor,the WSS surprisingly exhibited a biphasic pattern with first increase and then decrease with increase of lower channel height.Moreover,the transition threshold of maximum WSS was sensitive to the channel length and membrane permeability.Theoretical modeling,integrating the transmembrane pressure difference and inlet flow flux with chip geometry and membrane permeability,was in good agreement with IBM simulations.These analyses provided theoretical bases for optimizing flow-specified chip design and evaluating flow microenvironments of in vivo tissue.

Trace heavy metals and harmful elements in roots and rhizomes of herbs:Screening level analysis and health risk assessment

Objective:Heavy metal and harmful element contamination are frequently reported in Chinese herbal medicines(CHMs),and roots and rhizomes parts showed a higher content than other parts.To investigate the residue level and assess the potential human health risk of heavy metals and harmful elements in roots and rhizomes,720 batches of the sample representing 20 species of herbs from different sources were collected.Methods:The content of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,and Cu in the digests was determined using ICP-MS.The chronic hazard index estimate based on non-cancer hazard quotient(HQ)was applied for potential health risk assessment of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,and Cu via consumption of CHMs.Results:Compared with the Chinese limit standard(Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission,2020 edition)of Pb,Cd,As,Hg,and Cu in Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,the exceedance percentage of Pb in total samples was 14.1%,which were generally far higher than Cd,As,Hg,and Cu.Health risk assessment results based on hazard quotient calculating showed that total HQ of Cu,Pb,As,Cd,and Hg in Pulsatillae Radix and Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma exceeded 1,with the value of 1.543 and 1.235.Besides,Arsenic had the highest HQ value(0.957)in Pulsatillae Radix.Conclusion:Consuming raw materials of Pulsatillae Radix and Clematidis Radix et Rhizoma may pose a potential risk and Arsenic residues in Pulsatillae Radix deserved special attention.