水溶包装洗涤剂包装图像元素视觉特征分析与设计

图像是包装设计视觉传达的关键元素。为更好地实现水溶包装洗涤剂包装设计功能,针对水溶包装洗涤剂包装图像元素展开视觉特征分析与设计。水溶包装洗涤剂包装中的图像元素主要表现方式分为:以绘画、摄影为制作与传播基础的具象图像元素,利用点、线、面的创新排列而成的抽象图像元素两种。包装研究与应用的主要目的是保护洗涤剂在运输与销售过程中的安全性,并集中呈现洗涤剂的相关信息,通过分析水溶包装洗涤剂包装图像元素的引人性、解析性、回忆性等视觉特征,提升设计人员获取水溶包装洗涤剂购买者心理感受的准确性,同时结合形态、色彩联想与文字情感等设计方向,提升水溶包装洗涤剂包装设计的信息传达功能。

Development of high-strength magnesium alloys with excellent ignition-proof performance based on the oxidation and ignition mechanisms: A review

High reactivity and ease of ignition are the major obstacles for the application of Mg alloys in aerospace.Thus,the ignition mechanisms of Mg alloys should be investigated systematically,which can guide the ignition-proof alloy design.This article concludes the factors influencing the ignition resistance of Mg alloys from oxide film and substrate microstructure,and also the mechanisms of alloying elements improving the ignition resistance.The low strength is another reason restricting the development of Mg alloys.Therefore,at the last section,Mg alloys with the combination of high strength and good ignition-proof performance are summarized,including Mg-Al-Ca based alloys,SEN(Mg-Al-Zn-Ca-Y)alloys as well as Mg-Y and Mg-Gd based alloys.Besides,the shortages and the future focus of theses alloys are also reviewed.The aim of this article is to promote the understanding of oxidation and ignition mechanisms of Mg alloys and to provide reference for the development of Mg alloys with high strength and excellent ignition-proof performance at the same time.

后囊膜切开在糖尿病视网膜病变硅油取出联合白内障术中的应用

目的:探讨后囊膜切开在糖尿病视网膜病变硅油取出联合白内障术中的临床疗效。方法:收集我院2019-01/2020-02诊治的糖尿病视网膜病变硅油填充眼合并白内障患者83例83眼的临床资料进行回顾性分析。根据手术方式不同分为试验组(硅油取出同期行后囊膜切开联合白内障手术)41眼,对照组(硅油取出联合白内障手术)42眼。术后6mo对两组的最佳矫正视力、后发性白内障的发生、眼前黑影飘动等项目进行评估,以证实后囊膜切开在糖尿病视网膜病变硅油取出联合白内障手术中的优势。结果:术后6mo,最佳矫正视力试验组优于对照组(P<0.05);后发性白内障的发生、眼前黑影飘动试验组低于对照组(P<0.05);两组眼压、术后视网膜脱离、玻璃体积血、人工晶状体偏位比较均无差异(P>0.05)。结论:后囊膜切开在糖尿病视网膜病变硅油取出联合白内障手术中的应用安全可靠,可有效地避免后发性白内障的发生。

Iguratimod: a valuable remedy from the Asia Pacific region for ameliorating autoimmune diseases and protecting bone physiology

Autoimmune diseases are affected by complex pathophysiology involving several cell types,cytokines,antibodies,and mimicking factors.Different drugs are used to ameliorate these autoimmune reactions,including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),corticosteroids,antiantibodies,and small molecular drugs(DMARDs),and they are clinically in vogue for diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Nevertheless,low cost-effectiveness,reduced efficacy,adverse effects,and patient nonresponse are unappealing factors driving the development of new drugs such as iguratimod.Iguratimod is primarily used to ameliorate RA in Japanese and Chinese clinics.However,its efficacy against other autoimmune ailments is also under intense investigation,and the number of investigations is becoming increasingly larger with each passing day.The articular structure comprises synovium,ligaments,and bone.The latter is more complex than the others since it regulates blood cells and autoimmunity in addition to providing skeletal support to the body.Therefore,its protection is also of prime importance in RA and other autoimmune diseases.Herein,we have highlighted the role of iguratimod in autoimmune diseases and bone protection.We suggest that iguratimod’s unique mode of action compared with that of other DMARDs and its good patient response makes it a suitable antirheumatic and bone-protecting drug.

An overview of the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions

With data from the project Collaborative Observation of Semi-arid/Arid Regions in North China, collected during July and September 2008, the spatial patterns of land surface processes over arid and semiarid regions have been investigated based on the ordinary Kriging interpolation approach. Generally, for the radiation processes, downward and upward short-wave radiation have a uniformly increasing trend with latitude, but the spatial patterns of long-wave radiation present notable regional differences: both upward and downward long-wave radiation increase with latitude in the west of North China, while in the east they vary inversely with latitude, suggesting surface temperature and clouds respectively have feedbacks to the long-wave radiation in the west and east of North China. The surface net radiation basically has a negative latitudinal trend. Long-wave radiation budget plays an important role in the spatial pattern of surface net radiation, particularly in the east of North China, although short-wave radiation budget largely determines the magnitude of surface net radiation. For the energy processes, latent and sensible heat flux varies conversely with latitude: more available land surface energy is consumed by evaporating soil water at lower latitudes while more is used for heating the atmosphere at higher latitudes. A soil heat flux maximum and minimum are found in Loess Plateau and Qinghai Plateau respectively, and a maximum is seen in the northeast China.

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间产科防范及应对措施

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)自2020年12月开始从武汉蔓延,爆发至全国各地甚至境外。孕产妇是特殊免疫耐受的易感人群,妊娠期妇女对病毒性呼吸系统感染的炎症应急反应明显增强,一旦感染病情会迅速发展,易进展为重症,从而危及母胎生命。对于COVID-19非定点救治单位更要做好COVID-19流行期间孕产妇和新生儿防护工作。该文就疫情期间孕产妇如何调整产前检查时间、医务人员防范措施、门诊就诊注意事项、住院患者和陪护管理、疑似或确诊患者产科急症处理等提出应对措施,供临床医生参考,确保疫情防控期间的母婴安全。

Degradation of β-Ga_(2)O_(3) Schottky barrier diode under swift heavy ion irradiation

The electrical characteristics and microstructures ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) Schottky barrier diode(SBD)devices irradiated with swift heavy ions(2096 MeV Ta ions)have been studied.It was found thatβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) SBD devices showed the reliability degradation after irradiation,including turn-on voltage Von,on-resistance Ron,ideality factor n,and the reverse leakage current density Jr.In addition,the carrier concentration of the drift layer was decreased significantly and the calculated carrier removal rates were 5×10^(6)-1.3×10^(7)cm^(-1).Latent tracks induced by swift heavy ions were observed visually in the wholeβ-Ga2O3 matrix.Furthermore,crystal structure of tracks was amorphized completely.The latent tracks induced by Ta ions bombardments were found to be the reason for the decrease in carrier mobility and carrier concentration.Eventually,these defects caused the degradation of electrical characteristics of the devices.In terms of the carrier removal rates,theβ-Ga_(2)O_(3) SBD devices were more sensitive to swift heavy ions irradiation than SiC and GaN devices.

Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans enhanced heavy metals immobilization efficiency in acidic aqueous system through bio-mediated coprecipitation

This study investigated the promotion effect of A.ferrooxidans on complex heavy metals coprecipitation process.A.ferrooxidans significantly enhanced the ferrous oxidation,which also promoted the formation of iron-oxyhydroxysulphate.Cu(II)concentration reduced to0.058mmol/L in A.ferrooxidans inoculated system,and Cd also reduced to the lowest concentration(0.085mmol/L).Pb was mainly immobilized as anglesite and iron-oxyhydroxysulphate promoted the removal of remanent Pb in solution.The precipitates are characterized by XRD,SEM,and FTIR analysis.The main component of the iron-oxyhydroxysulphate was well crystallized jarosite.A.ferrooxidans contributed to the formation of schwertmannite in later monovalent cation lack stage.Higher ferrous iron oxidation rate and Fe(III)supply rate in A.ferrooxidans inoculated system facilitated polyhedron crystal formation and the increase of particle diameter.Complex heavy metals could be incorporated into iron oxyhydroxysulphate crystal,and efficiently removed from acidic wastewater through A.ferrooxidans mediated coprecipitation.

应用Sirius眼前节分析系统观察ROP激光术后儿童眼前节结构

目的:应用Sirius眼前节分析系统观察早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)激光光凝术后儿童眼前节各组织发育情况。方法:回顾性病例研究。选取2015-09/2018-04于深圳市眼科医院因ROP已行激光光凝治疗的儿童25例50眼纳入ROP组,同时选取年龄匹配的足月儿童23例46眼为对照组。两组儿童均行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)检查,并采用Sirius眼前节分析系统测量虹膜水平直径(HVID)、角膜最薄点半径、角膜最薄点厚度、角膜最大曲率半径、角膜最大曲率、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜容积(CV)、前房深度(ACD)、前房容积、前房房角。结果:ROP组儿童HVID、角膜最薄点厚度、ACD、前房容积均明显小于对照组(均P<0.05),CV、前房房角均小于对照组,但两组间无差异(均P>0.05)。对照组儿童BCVA明显优于ROP组(0.07±0.10 vs 0.24±0.25,P<0.05)。结论:ROP激光光凝术后儿童眼前节组织的形态结构发生改变,角膜形态较陡峭,前房深度变浅,房角偏小,最佳矫正视力较差,可能更容易发展为屈光不正及青光眼等。

An overview on observational instruments and measuring methods for dewfall

This paper systematically summarizes previous measuring methods and observational instruments for the magnitude of dewfall on land surface, analyzes the characteristics of common observational instruments for land surface dewfall, and describes several basic dewfall measurement methods. Moreover, the basic principles of these methods and instruments are interpreted, and their advantages, disadvantages, and applicability are analyzed. Recommendations for the further improvement of these observational instruments and the development of dewfall measuring methods are presented, and new technologies and scientific proposals for exploiting dewfall are elucidated.

Nitrogen isotopic fractionation of particulate organic matter production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas

During the 29 th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition,spatial variations in nitrogen isotopic composition of particulate nitrogen(δ15NPN)and their controlling factors were examined in detail with regard to nitrate drawdown by phytoplankton and particulate nitrogen(PN)remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.To better constrain the nitrogen transformations,the physical and chemical parameters,including temperature,salinity,nutrients,PN andδ15NPN in seawater column were measured from surface to bottom.In addition,the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton in the mixed layer,and the nitrogen isotopic fractionation factor of PN remineralization below the mixed layer were estimated using Rayleigh model and Steady State model,respectively.Our results showed that suspended particles had its lowestδ15NPN in the surface layer,which was due to the preferential assimilation of 14 N in nitrate by phytoplankton.Theδ15NPN in the mixed layer of the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas decreased from the inner shelf to the outer basin,ascribing to the effect of isotope fractionation during phytoplankton assimilation.In mixed layer,the spatial distribution ofδ15NPN associated with particulate organic matter(POM)production can be well interpreted according to Rayleigh model and Steady State model.The nitrogen isotope fractionation factor during phytoplankton assimilating nitrate was estimated as 10.0‰by Steady State model,which was more reasonable than that calculated by Rayleigh model.These results validate the previous reports of fractionation factor during nitrate assimilation by phytoplankton.Increasingδ15NPN with depth below the euphotic zone correlated with the decreasing PN contents,and it was attributed to preferential remineralization of 14 N in PN by bacteria.In subsurface and deep layer,theδ15NPN distributions also conformed to Rayleigh model and Steady State model during PN remineralization,with a fractionation factor of about 3.6‰and 3.2‰,respectively.It is the first time to estimate the fractionation factor during POM production and remineralization in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent areas.Such fractionation may provide a useful tool for the follow-up study of the nitrogen dynamics in the Southern Ocean.

Identification and validation of a major gene for kernel length at the P1 locus in Triticum polonicum

Kernel size, one of the traits that determine wheat yield, is controlled by multiple quantitative trait loci.Polish wheat(Triticum polonicum) has elongated and plump kernel and is a valuable material for breeding high-yielding wheat cultivars. However, genes or loci determining kernel length(KL) in Polish wheat are unknown. We identified and validated a major KL gene, KL-PW, at the P1 locus in Polish wheat. KL-PW is VRT-A2, which encodes a MIKC-type MADS-box protein(MADS55). An insertion/deletion mutation in intron 1 of VRT-A2;led to an alternatively spliced transcript, VRT-A2;. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that VRT-A2;was more highly expressed in developing seeds than was VRT-A2 Ailanmai.Brassinosteroid(BR) sensitivity experiment and the expression of BR-related genes indicated that VRTA2;functions as a positive regulator of BR responses. VRT-A2;significantly increased KL of wheat.These findings not only reveal the molecular basis of KL-PW in controlling KL, but also provide a valuable genetic resource for increasing kernel size in wheat.

Characterization of swift heavy ion tracks in MoS2 by transmission electron microscopy

The various morphologies of tracks in MoS2 irradiated by swift heavy ions at normal and 30° incidence with 9.5–25.0 MeV/u 86Kr, 129Xe, 181Ta, and 209Bi ions were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The diameter of ion tracks increases from 1.9 nm to 4.5 nm with increasing electronic energy loss. The energy loss threshold of the track formation in MoS2 is predicted as about 9.7 keV/nm based on the thermal spike model and it seems consistent with the experimental results. It is shown that the morphology of ion tracks is related to the penetration length of ions in MoS2. The formation process of ion tracks is discussed based on the cooperative process of outflow and recrystallization of the molten phase during rapid quenching.

Quantum mechanical solution to spectral lineshape in strongly-coupled atom-nanocavity system

The strongly coupled system composed of atoms,molecules,molecule aggregates,and semiconductor quantum dots embedded within an optical microcavity/nanocavity with high quality factor and/or low modal volume has become an excellent platform to study cavity quantum electrodynamics(CQED),where a prominent quantum effect called Rabi splitting can occur due to strong interaction of cavity-mode single-photon with the two-level atomic states.In this paper,we build a new quantum model that can describe the optical response of the strongly-coupled system under the action of an external probing light and the spectral lineshape.We take the Hamiltonian for the strongly-coupled photon-atom system as the unperturbed Hamiltonian H_(0)and the interaction Hamiltonian of the probe light upon the coupled-system quantum states as the perturbed Hamiltonian V.The theory yields a double Lorentzian lineshape for the permittivity function,which agrees well with experimental observation of Rabi splitting in terms of spectral splitting.This quantum theory will pave the way to construct a complete understanding for the microscopic strongly-coupled system that will become an important element for quantum information processing,nano-optical integrated circuits,and polariton chemistry.

A Humanoid Robot Gait Planning and Its Stability Validation

Gait planning based on linear inverted pendulum (LIPM) on structured road surface can be quickly generated because of the simple model and definite physical meaning. However, over-simplifi- cation of the model and discontents of zero velocity and acceleration boundary conditions when robot starts and stops walking lead to obvious difference between the model and the real robot. In this paper, parameterized gait is planned and trajectories’ smoothness of each joint angle and centroid are ensured using the 3-D LIPM theory. Static walking method is used to satisfy zero velocity and acceleration boundary conditions. Besides, a multi-link model is built to validate the stability. Simulation experiments show that: despite of some deviation from the theoretical solution, the actual zero-moment point (ZMP) is still within the support polygon, and the robot walks steadily. In consequence, the rationality and validity of model simplification of LIPM is demonstrated.

A Review on Particle Reinforced Mg Matrix Composites Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy

This paper provides a comprehensive review of research progress in particle-reinforced Mg matrix composites prepared via powder metallurgy.The article discusses different strategies,such as micro-sized,nano-sized particles,and multi-particle hybridization,which has been employed to enhance the performance of the composites.In addition,a range of preparation techniques that optimize the dispersion of the reinforcing particles are summarized.The paper also highlights how the different configurations between the reinforcements and matrix alloy impact the composites’performance.Finally,the article outlines the prospects of particles reinforced Mg matrix composites fabricated via powder metallurgy and recommends modification methods that could be explored to further develop these materials for various applications.

Virome diversity of ticks feeding on domestic mammals in China

Ticks are considered the second most common pathogen vectors transmitting a broad range of vital human and veterinary viruses.From 2017 to 2018,640 ticks were collected in eight different provinces in central and western China.Six species were detected,including H.longicornis,De.everestianus,Rh.microplus,Rh.turanicus,Rh.sanguineous,and Hy.asiaticum.Sixty-four viral metagenomic libraries were constructed on the MiSeq Illumina platform,resulting in 13.44 G(5.88×10^(7))of 250-bp-end reads,in which 2,437,941 are viral reads.We found 27 nearly complete genome sequences,including 16 genome sequences encoding entire protein-coding regions(lack of 30 or 50 end non-coding regions)and complete viral genomes,distributed in the arboviral family(Chuviridae,Rhabdoviridae,Nairoviridae,Phenuiviridae,Flaviviridae,Iflaviridae)as well as Parvoviridae and Polyomaviridae that cause disease in mammals and even humans.In addition,13 virus sequences found in Chuviridae,Nairoviridae,Flaviviridae,Iflaviridae,Hepeviridae,Parvoviridae,and Polyomaviridae were identified as belonging to a new virus species in the identified viral genera.Besides,an epidemiological survey shows a high prevalence(9.38%and 15.63%)of two viruses(Ovine Copiparvovirus and Bovine parvovirus 2)in the tick cohort.

山南市乃东区居民结核病核心知识知晓率调查

目的了解山南市乃东区居民结核病核心知识的知晓率情况,为后续开展结核病宣传促进工作提供依据。方法通过整群随机抽样方法,对600名16岁以上的居民进行问卷调查,对调查对象的基本情况、知晓率等进行统计分析。结果山南市乃东区居民结核病防治的核心知识总知晓率为82.91%(3327/4013),不同性别间总知晓率差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.759,P=0.384);不同户籍居民知晓率间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=12.887,P=0.002);不同年龄组之间知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=186.177,P<0.001);不同民族间知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=16.673,P<0.001);文化程度越高,知晓率越高,不同文化程度之间知晓率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=23.957,P<0.001);不同职业分布人群的知晓率之间差异有统计学意(χ^(2)=27.047,P<0.001);接受过宣传教育的知晓率比未接受过的高,两者间差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.102,P=0.014)。7条核心知识中,调查对象对结核病的传播途径及临床症状知晓率较低,分别为64.83%、59.33%。结论山南市乃东区居民结核病知识知晓率较内地许多城市高,但仍未达到国家要求,需要对重点人群及重要知识点进行精准宣传教育。

Highly efficient oxygen evolution and stable water splitting by coupling NiFe LDH with metal phosphides

It is a great challenge to develop highly active oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts with superior durability.In this study,a NiFe layered double hydroxidedecorated phosphide(NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3))was constructed to display satisfactory OER activity and good stability for water splitting in alkaline media.At an overpotential of 300 mV,NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) achieved a current density of 82 mA cm^(-2) for the OER,which was 9.1 and 2.3 times that of CoP/NiP_(3) and NiFe LDH,respectively.Moreover,the reconstruction behavior,during which oxyhydroxides formed,was studied by a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,Raman spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy.A synergistic effect between NiFe LDH and CoP/NiP_(3) was also observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction.Furthermore,when NiFe LDH@CoP/NiP_(3) acted as both the cathode and anode for overall water splitting,a high current density of 100 mA cm^(-2) was maintained for more than 275 h.In addition,under Xe light irradiation,a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 9.89% was achieved for solar-driven water splitting.This work presents the coupling of different active compositions,and can provide a reference for designing bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Molecular Framework for Auxin-Controlled Hlomeostasis-of Shoot Stem Cells in Arabidopsis

The classic phytohormone auxin plays an essential role in priming meristematic cell differentiation in the shoot apical meristem to promote lateral organ initiation. Recently, several lines of evidence have suggested that auxin is not only transported to new primordia but also descends to the stem cells in the central zone. However, the function of auxin in stem cell regulation has remained elusive. Here, we show that auxin signaling in stem cells is mediated, at least in part, byAUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5/MONOPTEROS （ARF5/MP）, which directly represses the transcription of DORNROSCHEN /ENHANCER OF SHO0 T REGENERA TION 1 （DRN/ESR 1）. DRN expressed in stem cells positively regulates CLAVATA3 （CLV3） expression and has important meristematic functions. Our results provide a mechanistic framework for auxin control of shoot stem cell homeostasis and demonstrate how auxin differentially controls plant stem cell maintenance and differentiation.