A 1-bp deletion in the MC04g1399 is highly associated with failure to produce fruit wart in bitter gourd

Fruit wart is an important appearance trait influencing consumer preferences of bitter gourd(Momordica charantia L.).The molecular genetic mechanisms underlying fruit wart formation in bitter gourd are largely unknown.In this study,genetic analysis based on four generations showed that fruit wart formation in bitter gourd was controlled by a single dominant locus named as Fwa.The Fwa locus was initially mapped into a 4.82 Mb region on pseudochromosome 4 by BSA-seq analysis and subsequently narrowed down to a 286.30 kb region by linkage analysis.A large F2population consisting of 2360 individuals was used to screen recombinants,and the Fwa locus was finally fine mapped into a 22.70 kb region harboring four protein-coding genes through recombination analysis.MC04g1399,encoding an epidermal patterning factor 2-like protein,was proposed as the best candidate gene for Fwa via sequence variation and expression analysis.In addition,a 1-bp insertion and deletion(InDel)variation within MC04g1399 was converted to a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS)marker that could precisely distinguish between the warty and non-warty types with an accuracy rate of 100%among a wide panel of 126 bitter gourd germplasm resources.Our results not only provide a scientific basis for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying fruit wart formation but also provide a powerful tool for efficient genetic improvement of fruit wart via marker-assisted selection.

Research on the MPPT of Photovoltaic Power Generation Based on Improved WOA and P&O under Partial Shading Conditions

Partial shading conditions(PSCs)caused by uneven illumination become one of the most common problems in photovoltaic(PV)systems,which can make the PV power-voltage(P-V)characteristics curve show multi-peaks.Traditional maximum power point tracking(MPPT)methods have shortcomings in tracking to the global maximum power point(GMPP),resulting in a dramatic decrease in output power.In order to solve the above problems,intelligent algorithms are used in MPPT.However,the existing intelligent algorithms have some disadvantages,such as slow convergence speed and large search oscillation.Therefore,an improved whale algorithm(IWOA)combined with the P&O(IWOA-P&O)is proposed for the MPPT of PV power generation in this paper.Firstly,IWOA is used to track the range interval of the GMPP,and then P&O is used to accurately find the MPP in that interval.Compared with other algorithms,simulation results show that this method has an average tracking efficiency of 99.79%and an average tracking time of 0.16 s when tracking GMPP.Finally,experimental verification is conducted,and the results show that the proposed algorithm has better MPPT performance compared to popular particle swarm optimization(PSO)and PSO-P&O algorithms.

Simultaneously mastering operando strain and reconstruction effects via phase-segregation strategy for enhanced oxygen-evolving electrocatalysis

Material strain and reconstruction effects are critical for catalysis reactions,but current insights into operando strain effects during reaction and means to master catalyst reconstruction are still lacking.Here,we propose a facile thermal-induced phase-segregation strategy to simultaneously master material operando strain and reconstruction effects for enhanced oxygen-evolving reaction(OER).Specifically,self-assembled and controllable layered LiCoO_(2)phase and Co_(3)O_(4)spinel can be generated from pristine Li2Co_(2)O_(4)spinel via Li and O volatilization under different temperatures,realizing controllable proportions of two phases by calcination temperature.Combined operando and ex-situ characterizations reveal that obvious tensile strain along(003)plane appears on layered LixCoO_(2)phase during OER,while low-valence Co_(3)O_(4)phase transforms into high-valence CoOOHx,realizing simultaneous operando strain and reconstruction effects.Further experimental and computational investigations demonstrate that both strained LixCoO_(2)phase and reconstructed CoOOHxcompound contribute to the beneficial adsorption of important OH-reactants,while respective roles in activity and stability are uncovered by exploring their latticeoxygen participation mechanism.This work not only reveals material operando strain effects during OER,but also inaugurates a new thermal-induced phase-segregation strategy to artificially master material operando strain and reconstruction effects,which will enlighten rational material design for many potential reactions and applications.

Preparation of multicore millimeter-sized spherical alginate capsules to specifically and sustainedly release fish oil

Specific and sustained release of nutrients from capsules to the gastrointestinal tract has attracted many attentions in the field of food and drug delivery.In this work,we reported a monoaxial dispersion electrospraying-ionotropic gelation technique to prepare multicore millimeter-sized spherical capsules for specific and sustained release of fish oil.The spherical capsules had diameters from 2.05 mm to 0.35 mm with the increased applied voltages.The capsules consisted of uniform(at applied voltages of≤10 k V)or nonuniform(at applied voltages of>10 k V)multicores.The obtained capsules had reasonable loading ratios(9.7%-6.3%)due to the multicore structure.In addition,the obtained capsules had specific and sustained release behaviors of fish oil into the small intestinal phase of in vitro gastrointestinal tract and small intestinal tract models.The simple monoaxial dispersion electrospraying-ionotropic gelatin technique does not involve complicated preparation formulations and polymer modification,which makes the technique has a potential application prospect for the fish oil preparations and the encapsulation of functional active substances in the field of food and drug industries.

Positive regulatory role of R2R3 MYBs in terpene biosynthesis in Lilium‘Siberia’

Terpenoids are the main components contributing to the fragrance of Lilium‘Siberia’,and LiTPS2 plays a critical role in the biosynthesis of monoterpenoids.Although the major terpene synthases in Lilium‘Siberia’have been identified,how these TPS genes are transcriptionally regulated remains elusive in this distinguished flower.This study aimed to identify transcription factors that regulate the terpene synthesis in Lilium,and disclose the related underlying transcriptional regulation mechanism.In this study,we identified three R2R3-MYB TFs—LiMYB1,LiMYB305 and LiMYB330,which were involved in regulating the biosynthesis of terpenes in Lilium‘Siberia’.Quantitative real-time PCR showed spatial and temporal expression patterns consistent with the emission patterns of terpene compounds.When LiMYB1,LiMYB305 and LiMYB330were overexpressed in flowers,the release of some main monoterpenes,such as linalool and ocimene,as well as the expression of TPS genes,especially for LiTPS2,were enhanced.A virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)assay showed that silencing these three LiMYBs decreased the level of monoterpenes by down-regulating the expression of the TPS genes.The yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays indicated that all three LiMYBs could bind to and activate the promoter of LiTPS2.Moreover,the yeast two-hybrid assay verified that LiMYB1 could interact with LiMYB308 and LiMYB330,indicating their synergistic roles in the regulation of floral terpene biosynthesis.In general,these results indicated that LiMYB1,LiMYB305,and LiMYB330 might play essential roles in terpene biosynthesis in Lilium and would provide a new perspective for the transcriptional regulation of volatile terpenes in flowers.

Anisodine hydrobromide alleviates oxidative stress caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation in human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells predominantly via inhibition of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor 4

Background:Anisodine hydrobromide(AT3),an anti-cholinergic agent,could be delivered to the brain across the blood-brain barrier and has been used clinically for the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.Endothelial dysfunction can be caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R)via oxidative stress and metabolic alterations.The present study investigated whether AT3 regulates the production of nitric oxide(NO)and reactive oxygen species(ROS),and the HIF-1αpathway via regulation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors(mAChRs)in brain microvascular endothelial cells after H/R exposure.Methods:Under H/R conditions,hCMEC/D3 cerebral microvascular endothelial cells were treated with AT3.Specific inhibitors of M2-and M4-mAChRs were used to explore the mechanism by which AT3 influences oxidative stress in endothelial cells.Then,mAChRs expression was detected by western blotting and NO production was detected by Greiss reaction.The intracellular ROS level was measured using DCFH-DA probes.The expression of hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1α(HIF-1α)was also detected.Results:While H/R induced the expression of M2-and M4-mAChRs,AT3 suppressed the H/R-upregulated M2-and M4-mAChRs.H/R also induced the production of NO,ROS,and apoptosis.AT3 and M4-mAChR inhibitors inhibited the H/R-induced production of NO and ROS and apoptosis.HIF-1αwas induced by H/R,but was suppressed by AT3.Conclusion:Thus,the in vitro evidence shows that AT3 protects against H/R injury in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells via inhibition of HIF-1α,NO and ROS,predominantly through the downregulation of M4-mAChR.The findings offer novel understandings regarding AT3-mediated attenuation of endothelial cell apoptosis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Cloing and Bioinformatics Analysis of ndk Gene from Vibrio alginolyticus

[Objectives]The paper was to clone and analyze bioinformatics of ndk gene from Vibrio alginolyticus.[Methods]A pair of specific primers was designed based on the ndk gene sequence of V.alginolyticus HY9901.The full length of ndk gene was amplified by PCR and bioinformatics analysis was performed.MEGA 5.0 software was used to construct NDK phylogenetic tree by neighbor-joining method.SWISS-MODEL program was used to obtain the three-dimensional structural model of single subunit from NDK protein.[Results]The ndk gene,molecular structural formula C702H1094N192O214S7,was 426 bp in total,encoding 141 amino acids,with the theoretical molecular weight of 15.87199 kD and the theoretical pI value of 5.13.The prediction results of protein subcellular localization,SignalP 5.0,TMHMM Server 2.0 and SoftBerry-Psite showed that NDK mainly existed in the cytoplasm,and the protein was unstable and hydrophobic.There was neither signal peptide cleavage site,nor transmembrane region and KEGG metabolic pathway.The amino acid sequence had two protein kinase C phosphorylation sites,a casein kinaseⅡphosphorylation site,a N-myristoylation site,three microbody C-terminal target signal sites,and a nucleoside diphosphate kinase active site.Homology analysis showed that the NDK of V.alginolyticus had high homology with that of V.diabolicus,with a similarity of 98.58%.Analysis of the structural functional domain revealed that the protein had one NDK structural functional domain.The prediction results of secondary structure showed that theα-helix,random coil,β-sheet and extended strand accounted for 53.19%,28.37%,7.09%and 11.35%,respectively.Analysis of NDK protein via STRING database demonstrated that the proteins interacting with NDK protein were NrdA,NrdB,GmK,CmK,TmK,PyrG,PyrH,RelA,FolE and SpoT.[Conclusions]The study plays a positive role in the prevention and control of vibriosis and the improvement of the current aquaculture environment.

基于PCA降维结合机器学习算法的人机交互手势识别研究

更加自然和灵活的手势识别技术正逐渐成为智能移动机器人控制的重要人机接口。为了进一步提高基于计算机视觉的机器人导航控制的实时性和精度,提出了一种基于主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)降维结合机器学习算法的手势识别方法。首先,对视觉摄像头捕获的手势图像进行预处理,具体包括图像二值化、中值滤波和形态学变换。然后通过PCA提取主要特征并对数据进行降维。最后结合机器学习中自组织神经网络(Self-Organizing Feature Maps,SOM)作为分类器应用于手势识别,具体采用的是学习向量量化(Learning Vector Quantization,LVQ)神经网络。静态手势实验测试结果表明:相比网络和K-means算法,提出方法缩短了手势识别时间,且识别准确率得到有效提高,验证了方法的有效性。

关于L-半拓扑空间的一些注记

本文首先类比上半拓扑与下半拓扑引入左半拓扑与右半拓扑概念。然后,集中讨论左半拓扑(即,L-半拓扑)空间的点集理论,获得了该类半拓扑空间的基本点集性质、子空间性质和网收敛性质。进而,使拓扑空间的基本性质得到推广。同时,也通过反例举出了在拓扑空间成立而在L-半拓扑空间不成立的一些结果。

Gelatin-stabilized traditional emulsions:Emulsion forms,droplets,and storage stability

Fish oils are important substances in the field of food and drug delivery.Due to their unstable double bonds,fishy taste,and poor water solubility,it is pivotal to investigate novel dosage forms for fish oils,such as encapsulated droplets.In this work,we primarily prepared gelatin-stabilized fish oil-loaded traditional emulsions and investigated their emulsion forms,droplets,and storage stability under different preparation and storage conditions.Our results showed that higher gelatin solution pH,higher storage temperature in the range of 4–37℃,and increased storage time induced the emulsion form switch from a liquid form to a redispersible gel form of the fish oil emulsion.The droplets had core-shell microstructures and a trimodal size distribution,which decreases linearly with increasing gelatin solution pH and homogenizing time,but decreases exponentially with increasing homogenizing speed.In addition,storage temperature showed a notably different effect on traditional emulsion storage.This work provides a fundamental knowledge for the formation,microstructure,and properties of gelatin-based traditional emulsions.It also provides a promising new application for fish oil-loaded emulsions in food beverages,soft candy,and other food products.

Easy synthesis of iron doped ordered mesoporous carbon with tunable pore sizes

Precise control of the pore sizes for porous carbon materials is of importance to study the confinement effect of metal particles because the pore size in nanosize range will decide the physical and chemical properties of the metal nanoparticles. In this paper, we report a new approach for the synthesis of iron doped ordered mesoporous carbon materials with adjustable pore size using Fe-SBA-15 as hard template and boric acid as the pore expanding reagent. The pore size can be precisely adjusted by a step of 0.4 nm in the range of 3-6 nm. The carbonization temperature can be lowered to 773 K due to the catalytic role of the doped iron. The present approach is suitable for facile synthesis of metal imbedded porous carbon materials with tunable pore sizes.

过时效温度对TRIP590钢等温转变的影响

TRIP钢是新一代汽车用高强钢的研究热点。制定合理的TRIP钢过时效温度是保证连续退火TRIP钢组织中的残余奥氏体含量并使其具有一定稳定性的关键。文章利用连续退火模拟机、金相显微镜及拉伸实验机,系统地分析了过时效温度对TRIP590钢的组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着过时效温度的上升,TRIP590钢残余奥氏体含量先上升后下降,在400℃时达到最大值;抗拉强度先下降后上升,在400℃有最小值;伸长率先上升后下降,在425℃达到最大值;伸长率变化趋势与残余奥氏体含量一致。

Estimating the Correlated Observation-Error Characteristics of the Chinese FengYun Microwave Temperature Sounder and Microwave Humidity Sounder

In operational data assimilation systems, observation-error covariance matrices are commonly assumed to be diagonal.However, inter-channel and spatial observation-error correlations are inevitable for satellite radiances. The observation errors of the Microwave Temperature Sounder(MWTS) and Microwave Humidity Sounder(MWHS) onboard the FengYun-3A(FY-3A) and FY-3B satellites are empirically assigned and considered to be uncorrelated when they are assimilated into the WRF model's Community Variational Data Assimilation System(WRFDA). To assimilate MWTS and MWHS measurements optimally, a good characterization of their observation errors is necessary. In this study, background and analysis residuals were used to diagnose the correlated observation-error characteristics of the MWTS and MWHS. It was found that the error standard deviations of the MWTS and MWHS were less than the values used in the WRFDA. MWTS had small inter-channel errors, while MWHS had significant inter-channel errors. The horizontal correlation length scales of MWTS and MWHS were about 120 and 60 km, respectively. A comparison between the diagnosis for instruments onboard the two satellites showed that the observation-error characteristics of the MWTS or MWHS were different when they were onboard different satellites. In addition, it was found that the error statistics were dependent on latitude and scan positions.The forecast experiments showed that using a modified thinning scheme based on diagnosed statistics can improve forecast accuracy.

A development of lifetime measurement based on the differential decay curve method

A new development of indirect gating case in the differential decay curve method used for lifetime measurement has been introduced.The gate region was extended from partial shifted peak to both shifted and unshifted components.The statistics of flight and stop peaks in gating spectra was improved obviously.The reliability of this change has been tested by reanalysing the lifetime of 2^+ state in^(134) Ce.The result of 32.2(33) ps was fit well with the previous published values within the experimental uncertainty.The developed method was also used to analyse the lifetime of 2_1^+ state in^(138) Nd.

RAFting the rapids of axon regeneration signaling

The functional regeneration of damaged axons and severed connections in the mature central nervous sys- tem （CNS） remains a challenging goal of neurological research. Mature CNS neurons are refractory to axon regeneration for two major reasons, one, because the ac- tivity of cell-intrinsic mechanisms that drive axon growth during development is low- and often further suppressed after an injury - and two, because certain molecules that are part of mature extracellular matrix and myelin act as strong inhibitors of axon growth. Genetic removal of growth inhibitory molecules can increase axon sprouting, but is not sufficient to enable long-range axon growth. Since axon growth is robust during early developmental stages, it has long been hypothesized that mature injured neurons may be ＂reprogrammed＂ to the earlier growth state by re-activation of the intracellular growth signaling cascades that drive axon elongation in the developing fetus.

Lifetime measurements in 138Nd

Lifetimes of the 2_(1)^(+),4_(1)^(+),7_(2)^(-),10_(2)^(+),12_(2)^(+),and 14_(1)^(+) states in 138 Nd populated via the 123 Sb(19 F,4n)138 Nd fusion–evaporation reaction were measured with the recoil distance Doppler shift technique in combination with the differential decay curve method.The B(E2;2_(1)^(+)→0_(1)^(+))value fit well with the systematic trend in the Nd isotope chain and Grodzins rule,which proved that 138Nd is a transitional nucleus.

Study on the rules of TCM syndromes and Chinese herbal medicines about IgAN based on data mining

Objective:To analyze the clinical research literatures of TCM syndromes and treatment of Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy(IgAN)on data-mining technology,and explore the rules of TCM syndromes and Chinese medication.Methods:By searching the clinical literatures about TCM syndromes and treatment of IgAN had published in China Biomedical Literature Database,CNKI Database,Wanfang Database,and Chongqing Weipu Database from January 2000 to September 2019.Strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,included documents and established the databases.Applicated of statistical software for frequency analysis of TCM syndromes,Chinese herbal medicines,and analyzed the commonly used Chinese herbal medicines by factor analysis and cluster analysis.Results:292 literatures were finally included,involving 28 syndromes.A total of 479 prescriptions and 254 Chinese herbs were used.The rules of syndromes in IgA nephropathy are as follows:the syndromes are mainly composed of Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome,followed by the Spleen and kidney qi deficiency syndrome,Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency Syndrome,Spleen and kidney yang deficiency syndrome.The blood-stasis syndrome,damp-heat syndrome and wind-heat disturbance syndrome are accompanied by other syndrome.The characteristics of traditional Chinese medicines for IgA nephropathy is mainly composed of tonic deficiency medicines,supplemented by blood-activating and stasis-eliminating medicines,heat-clearing medicines,inducing diuresis and excreting dampness medicines and astringent medicines to combine with formulas.Conclusion:Through Data-mining method systematically summarized the rules of TCM syndromes and Chinese medication in treating IgAN and provided scientific theoretical guidance for the treatment of IgAN.

Droplet and creaming stability of fish oil-loaded gelatin/surfactant-stabilized emulsions depends on both the adsorption ways of emulsifiers and the adjusted pH

The droplet and creaming stability of food emulsions stabilized by mixed emulsifiers is a research hotspot in the field of emulsions.In this work,we mainly explore the effect of pH change on the droplet and creaming stability of fish oil-loaded emulsions synergistically(Span 80 and SL)or competitively(Tween 80 and SDS)stabilized by gelatin/surfactant.The results demonstrated that initial droplet stability and droplet storage stability,and creaming stability of the pH-adjusted emulsions are dependent on both the adsorption ways of emulsifiers and the adjusted pH:(1)Competitively stabilized emulsions have more stable droplets than synergistically stabilized emulsions;(2)SDS-dominant competitively stabilized emulsions have more stable droplets than gelatin-dominant emulsions;(3)Basic pH-adjusted emulsions have more stable droplets than acidic pH-adjusted emulsions;(4)The synergistically stabilized emulsions at acidic pH have significantly higher creaming indexes than that at basic pH;and(5)The competitively stabilized emulsions have high or similar creaming indexes to that at acidic pH.Further,the mechanisms are proposed according to Stokes’Law.This work will provide useful information to understand the interfacial properties of mixed emulsifiers in the food emulsions and promising application perspective for the development of food beverages including acidic and alkali beverages.

等强度连接的PEC柱-型钢梁框架中节点抗震性能试验研究

为研究等强度连接后PEC结构的抗震性能,本文以轴压比和型钢梁截面面积为变量设计了3个等强度连接的PEC柱-型钢梁框架中节点试件,并通过拟静力试验研究了试件的多项抗震性能指标,研究了轴压比变化型钢梁截面面积变化对试件抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:等强度连接的PEC柱-型钢梁框架中节点试件在试验当中表现出良好的抗震性能;试件的延性系数在3.91~5.03,说明试件在延性性能方面表现良好;试件的强度退化系数主要集中在0.97~1.0,强度退化情况稳定;试件在破坏时其等效粘滞阻尼系数在0.454~0.552,试件具有优秀的耗能能力。分析轴压比和型钢梁截面面积对试件抗震性能的影响则可发现,当轴压比提升1.5倍时,试件的承载能力、延性、耗能能力、初始刚度分别提升了约14.9%、10.2%、21.6%、59.5%。提高试验试件一侧型钢梁截面面积后,试件的承载力、初始刚度分别提高了约12.5%、2.7%,但延性和耗能能力有所降低。这说明轴压比和型钢梁截面面积的变化都对试件的抗震性能有着明显的影响,同时本文还通过对比分析发现使用等强度连接对后PEC试件的承载能力得到了提升,但变形和耗能能力有所降低。

Crossing:Dialogues for Emergency Architecture

One year after the Wenchuan Earthquake killed thousands in the Sichuan Province, an exhibition on "Emergency Architecture" is on display at the National Art Museum of China in Beijing.