Al−10Nb−3Ce−2.5B孕育剂对Zn−Al共析合金显微组织、阻尼和拉伸力学性能的影响

制备一种新型Al−10Nb−3Ce−2.5B孕育剂,并系统研究其对锌铝共析(ZA22)合金显微组织、阻尼和拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明,该孕育剂对ZA22合金中的α相具有显著的细化作用(α相最低可被细化至约16μm),并可使得α相的形貌从粗大枝晶状转变为细小花瓣状。通过边−边匹配晶体学模型(E2EM)建立孕育剂中CeB_(6)和NbB_(2)颗粒与α相之间的位向关系(ORs),并基于该E2EM模型揭示孕育剂对ZA22合金的细化机理。与未细化ZA22合金相比,孕育细化ZA22合金的高温阻尼性能,特别是逆共析转变阻尼峰得到显著提升。此外,孕育细化ZA22合金的室温拉伸力学性能也得到了显著提高,具有最佳细化效果的ZA22合金的抗拉强度和伸长率分别比未细化ZA22合金的高18.56%和119.04%。对相关机理进行了讨论。

miR-30b inhibits autophagy to alleviate hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury via decreasing the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate

AIM: To explore the role and potential mechanism of miR-30 b regulation of autophagy in hepatic ischemiareperfusion injury(IRI).METHODS: An animal model of hepatic IRI was generated in C57BL/6 mice. For in vitro studies, AML12 cells were immersed in mineral oil for 1 h and then cultured in complete Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium(DMEM)/F12 to simulate IRI. Mice and cells were transfected with miR-30 b agomir/mimics or antagomir/inhibitor to examine the effect of miR-30 b on autophagy to promote hepatic IRI. The expression of miR-30 b was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Apoptotic cells were detected by terminal uridine nickend labeling(TUNEL) staining, and cell viability was detected by methylthiazole tetrazolium assay. The expression of light chain 3, autophagy-related gene(Atg)12, Atg5, P62, and caspase-3 were detected by western blotting analysis.RESULTS: miR-30 b levels were significantly downregulated after hepatic IRI, and the numbers of autophagosomes were increased in response to IRI both in vivo and in vitro. These findings demonstrate that low levels of miR-30 b could promote hepatic IRI. Furthermore, we found that miR-30 b interacted with Atg12-Atg5 conjugate by binding to Atg12. Overexpression of miR-30 b diminished Atg12 and Atg12-Atg5 conjugate levels, which promoted autophagy in response to IR. In contrast, downregulation of miR-30 b was associated with increased Atg12-Atg5 conjugate levels and increased autophagy.CONCLUSION: miR-30 b inhibited autophagy to alleviate hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury via decreasing the Atg12-Atg5 conjugate.

Liver transplantation for biliary atresia: A single-center study from China's Mainland

AIM: To summarize our single-center experience with liver transplantation(LT) for biliary atresia(BA).METHODS: From October 2006 to December 2012, 188 children with BA were analyzed retrospectively. The stage?Ⅰ?group(from October 2006 to December 2010) comprised the first 74 patients, and the stage Ⅱ group(from January 2011 to December 2012) comprised the remaining 114 patients. Finally, 123 liver transplants were performed in 122(64.9%) patients, whereas 66 patients did not undergo LT due to denial by their parents or lack of suitable liver grafts. The selection of graft types depended on the patients' clinical status and whether a suitable living donor was available. The characteristics of patients in stages?Ⅰ?and Ⅱ were described, and the surgical outcomes of LT recipients were compared between the two stages. The KaplanMeier method was used to estimate the cumulative patient and graft survival rates, and the equality of survival distributions was evaluated using the log-rank test.RESULTS: The 188 children consisted of 102 boysand 86 girls. Their ages ranged from 3 to 144 mo with a median of 8 mo. One hundred and fifteen(61.2%) patients were born in rural areas. Comparing stage?Ⅰ?and stage Ⅱ patients, the proportion of patients referred by pediatricians(43.2% vs 71.1%, respectively; P < 0.001) and the proportion of patients who previously received a Kasai procedure(KP)(32.4% vs 44.7%, respectively; P = 0.092) obviously increased, and significantly more parents were willing to treat their children with LT(73% vs 86%, respectively; P = 0.027). Grafts from living donors(102/122, 83.6%) were the most commonly used graft type. Surgical complications(16/25, 64.0%) were the main reason for posttransplant mortality. Among the living donor liver transplantation recipients(n = 102), the incidence of surgical complications was significantly reduced(34.1% vs 15.5%, respectively; P = 0.029) and survival rates of patients and grafts were greatly improved(81.8% vs 89.7%, respectively, at 1 year; 75.0% vs 87.8%, respectively, at 3 years; P = 0.107) from stage?Ⅰ?to stage Ⅱ.CONCLUSION: The status of surgical treatments for BA has been changing in China's Mainland. Favorable midterm outcomes after LT were achieved as centers gained greater technical experience.

MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM:To investigate the potential of promoter methylation of two tumor suppressor genes(TSGs)as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A total of 189 subjects were included in this retrospective cohort,which contained 121 HCC patients without any history of curative treatment,37 patients with chronic hepatitis B(CHB),and 31 normal controls(NCs).DNA samples were extracted from 400μL of serum of each subject and then modified using bisulfite treatment.Methylation of the promoters of the TSGs(metallothionein1M,MT1M;and metallothionein 1G,MT1G)was determined using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.The diagnostic value of combined MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS:Our results indicated that the methylation status of serum MT1M(48.8%,59/121)and MT1G(70.2%,85/121)promoters in the HCC group was significantly higher than that in the CHB group(MT1M 5.4%,2/37,P<0.001;MT1G 16.2%,6/37,P<0.001)and NC group(MT1M 6.5%,2/31,P<0.001;MT1G 12.9%,4/27,P<0.001).Aberrant serum MT1M promoter methylation gave higher specificity to discriminate HCC from CHB(94.6%)and NCs(93.5%),whereas combined methylation of serum MT1M and MT1G promoters showed higher diagnostic sensitivity(90.9%),suggesting that they are potential markers for noninvasive detection of HCC.Furthermore,MT1M promoter methylation was positively correlated with tumor size(rs=0.321,P<0.001),and HCC patients with both MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation tended to show a higher incidence of vascular invasion or metastasis(P=0.018).CONCLUSION:MT1M and MT1G promoter methylation may be used as serum biomarkers for noninvasive detection of HCC.

Effects of antiviral agents and HBV genotypes on intrahepaticcovalently closed circular DNA in HBeAg-positive chronichepatitis B patients

AIM:To evaluate the effects of antiviral agents and HBV genotypes on intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA (ccc DNA) in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients. METHODS:Seventy-one patients received lamivudine (n = 35), or sequential therapy with lamivudine-interferon alpha 2b (IFN-α 2b, n = 24) for 48 wk, or IFN-α 2b (n = 12) for 24 wk. All subjects were followed up for 24 wk. Intrahepatic ccc DNA was measured quantitatively by PCR. HBV genotypes were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. RESULTS:Sequential lamivudine-INF-α therapy, lamivudine and INF-α monotherapy reduced ccc DNA of 1.7 log, 1.4 log and 0.8 log, respectively (P < 0.05). Seventeen out of the 71 patients developed HBeAg seroconversion, the reduction of ccc DNA in the HBeAg seroconversion patients was more significant than that in the HBeAg positive patients (3.0 log vs 1.6 log, P = 0.0407). Twenty-four weeks after antiviral therapy withdrawal, 16 patients had a sustained virological response, the baseline intrahepatic ccc DNA in the patients with a sustained virological response was significantly lower than that in the patients with virological rebound (4.6 log vs 5.4 log, P = 0.0472). HBV genotype C accounted for 85.9% (n = 61), and genotype B for 14.1% (n = 10), respectively, in the 71 patients. There was no significant difference in the change of ccc DNA level between HBV genotypes C and B (2.1 log vs 1.9 log). CONCLUSION:Forty-eight week sequential lamivudine-INF-α therapy and lamivudine monotherapy reduce ccc DNA more significantly than 24-wk INF-α monotherapy. Low baseline intrahepatic ccc DNA level may predict the long-term efficacy of antiviral treatment. HBV genotypes C and B have no obvious influence on ccc DNA load.

A proposed NMR solution for multi-phase flow fluid detection

In the petroleum industry,detection of multi-phase fluid flow is very important in both surface and down-hole measurements.Accurate measurement of high rate of water or gas multi-phase flow has always been an academic and industrial focus.NMR is an efficient and accurate technique for the detection of fluids;it is widely used in the determination of fluid compositions and properties.This paper is aimed to quantitatively detect multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines and to propose an innovative method for online nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)detection.The online NMR data acquisition,processing and interpretation methods are proposed to fill the blank of traditional methods.A full-bore straight tube design without pressure drop,a Halbach magnet structure design with zero magnetic leakage outside the probe,a separate antenna structure design without flowing effects on NMR measurement and automatic control technology will achieve unattended operation.Through the innovation of this work,the application of NMR for the real-time and quantitative detection of multi-phase flow in oil and gas wells and pipelines can be implemented.

Some progress on understanding the Phanerozoic granitoids in China

There are large volumes of the Phanerozoic granitoid rocks in China and neighboring areas.In recent years,numerous new and precise U-Pb zircon ages have been published for these granitoids,and define many important magmatic events,such as ca.500 Ma granitoid events in the West Junggar,Altai orogens in the NW China,and Qinling orogen in the central China.These ages accurately constrain the time of important early Paleozoic,late Paleozoic,early Mesozoic and late Mesozoic magmatic events of the northern,central,western,southern and eastern orogenic Mountains in China.There occur various types of granitoids in China,such as talc-alkaline granite,alkali granite,highly-fractionated granite,leucogranite, adakite,and rapakivi granite.Rapakivi granites are not only typical Proterozoic as in the North China Craton,but were also emplaced during Paleozoic and Mesozoic in the Kunlun-Qinling orogen,a part of the China Central Orogenic Belt (CCOB).Nd-Hf isotopic tracing and mapping show that granitoids inthe southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB)in China (or the Northern China Orogenic Belt)are characterized predominantly by juvenile sources.The juvenile crust in this orogenic domain accounts for over 50% by area,distinguishing it from other orogenic belts in the world,and those in central (e.g.,Qinling),southwestem and eastern China.Based on a large amount of new age data,a preliminary granitoid and granitoid-tectonic maps of China have been preliminarily compiled,and an evolutionary framework of Phanerozoic granitoids in China and neighboring areas has been established from the view of assembly and breakup of continental blocks.Research ideas on granitoid tectonics has also been proposed and discussed.

Risk factors for de novo hepatitis B infection in pediatric living donor liver transplantation

AIM: To investigate the incidence of de novo hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection after pediatric living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) and to analyze the risk factors associated with this de novo HBV infection. METHODS: The clinical and laboratory data of children who underwent LDLT from June 2010 to September 2012 in First Center Hospital in Tianjin, China, were retrospectively included in the study. Intrahepatic HBV DNA in donors and recipients was quantified by realtime polymerase chain reaction using DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. RESULTS: Between June 2010 to September 2012, 32 consecutive pediatric patients underwent LDLT in our institute. Thirty LDLT patients(13 girls and 17 boys) were followed up for a median of 15 mo, of whom 53.3%(16/30) were hepatitis B core antibody(HBcAb) positive and 36.7%(11/30) were hepatitis B surface antibody(HBsAb)/HBcAb positive before transplantation. Sixteen of the children received HBcAb-positive allografts, and 43.7%(7/16) of the grafts were found to be intrahepatic HBV DNA positive. De novo HBV infection developed in 16.1%(5/30) of the children within a median of 11 mo after transplantation. All five of the HBV-infected children had received HBcAb-positive allografts, four of which were intrahepatic HBV DNA positive. Two of the children developed de novo HBV infection despite the preoperative presence of both HBsAb and HBcAb CONCLUSION: In pediatric recipients, positive intrahepatic HBV DNA in allografts could be a risk factor for de novo HBV infection from HBcAb-positive allografts. HBsAb/HBcAb positivity in pediatric LDLT patients before transplantation exhibited only weak effectiveness in protecting them against de novo HBV infection from HBcAb-positive allografts.

High mortality associated with gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection in liver transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppression reduction

BACKGROUND Immunosuppression is an important factor in the incidence of infections in transplant recipient.Few studies are available on the management of immunosuppression(IS)treatment in the liver transplant(LT)recipients complicated with infection.The aim of this study is to describe our experience in the management of IS treatment during bacterial bloodstream infection(BSI)in LT recipients and assess the effect of temporary IS withdrawal on 30 d mortality of recipients presenting with severe infection.AIM To assess the effect of temporary IS withdrawal on 30 d mortality of LT recipients presenting with severe infection.METHODS A retrospective study was conducted with patients diagnosed with BSI after LT in the Department of Liver Surgery,Renji Hospital from January 1,2016 through December 31,2017.All recipients diagnosed with BSI after LT were included.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis of risk factors for 30 d mortality was conducted in the LT recipients with Gram-negative bacterial(GNB)infection.RESULTS Seventy-four episodes of BSI were identified in 70 LT recipients,including 45 episodes of Gram-positive bacterial(GPB)infections in 42 patients and 29 episodes of GNB infections in 28 patients.Overall,IS reduction(at least 50%dose reduction or cessation of one or more immunosuppressive agent)was made in 28(41.2%)cases,specifically,in 5(11.9%)cases with GPB infections and 23(82.1%)cases with GNB infections.The 180 d all-cause mortality rate was 18.5%(13/70).The mortality rate in GNB group(39.3%,11/28)was significantly higher than that in GPB group(4.8%,2/42)(P=0.001).All the deaths in GNB group were attributed to worsening infection secondary to IS withdrawal,but the deaths in GPB group were all due to graft-versus-host disease.GNB group was associated with significantly higher incidence of intra-abdominal infection,IS reduction,and complete IS withdrawal than GPB group(P<0.05).Cox regression showed that rejection(adjusted hazard ratio 7.021,P=0.001)and complete IS withdrawal(adjusted hazard ratio 12.65,P=0.019)were independent risk factors for 30 d mortality in patients with GNB infections after LT.CONCLUSION IS reduction is more frequently associated with GNB infection than GPB infection in LT recipients.Complete IS withdrawal should be cautious due to increased risk of mortality in LT recipients complicated with BSI.

Hepatic artery reconstruction in pediatric liver transplantation:Experience from a single group

Background:The reconstruction of hepatic artery is a challenging part of the pediatric liver transplantation procedure.Hepatic artery thrombosis(HAT)and stenosis are complications which may result in ischemic biliary injury,causing early graft lost and even death.Methods:Two hundred and fifty-nine patients underwent liver transplantation in 2017 in a single liver transplantation group.Among them,225 patients were living donor liver transplantation(LDLT)and 34 deceased donor liver transplantation(DDLT).Results:In LDLT all reconstructions of hepatic artery were microsurgical,while in DDLT either microsurgical reconstruction or traditional continuous suture technique was done depending on different conditions.There were five(1.9%)HATs:four(4/34,11.8%)in DDLT(all whole liver grafts)and one(1/225,0.4%)in LDLT(P=0.001).Four HATs were managed conservatively using anticoagulation,and 1 accepted salvage surgery with re-anastomosis.Until now,3 HAT patients remain in good condition,whereas two developed biliary complications.One of them needed to be re-transplanted,and the other patient died due to biliary complications.Conclusions:Microsurgical technique significantly improves the reconstruction of hepatic artery in pediatric liver transplantation.The risk for arterial complications is higher in DDLT.Conservative therapy can achieve good outcome in selected HAT cases.

Inhibitory effects of antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides on pancreatic cancer cell Bxpc-3 telomerase activity and cell growth in vitro

瞄准：在增长和胰腺的癌症房间线 Bxpc-3 的 telomerase 活动上调查 telomerase hTERT 基因反感觉 oligonucleotide (hTERT-ASO ) 的效果。方法：MTT 试金被用来在不同时间在 Bxpc-3 房间的增长上检测 hTERT-ASO 的不同剂量的效果。学习反肿瘤活动，房间被划分成三个组：控制组(胰腺的癌症房间 Bxpc-3 ) ；反察觉到 oligonucleotide (hTERT-ASO ) 组；并且没有意义 oligonucleotide 组与 phosphorothioate 装饰了。Telomerase 活动用 TRAP-PCR-ELISA 被检测。房间 DNA 分发用流动血细胞计数试金被检验。房间 apoptosis 被传播电子显微镜在每个组观察。结果：有 6 mmol/L hTERT-ASO 的术后疗法，房间增长在剂量依赖者和时间依赖者举止被禁止。telomerase 活动减少了有为 72 h 的 hTERT-ASO 的术后疗法。流动血细胞计数证明 G0/G1 阶段的房间数字从 2.7% ～ 14.7% 增加了， S 阶段的房间数字从 72.7% ～ 51.0% 减少了，并且一座 sub-G1 阶段房间 apoptosis 山峰出现在 G1 舞台前面。结论：Telomerase 反感觉 oligodeoxy 核苷酸能禁止胰腺的癌症房间线 Bxpc-3 和减少的增长 telomerase 活动和增加房间 apoptosis 率在试管内。

Living-donor or deceased-donor liver transplantation for hepatic carcinoma:A case-matched comparison

AIM:To compare the surgical outcomes between living-donor and deceased-donor liver transplantation in patients with hepatic carcinoma.METHODS:From January 2007 to December 2010,257 patients with pathologically confirmed hepatic carcinoma met the eligibility criteria of the study.Forty patients who underwent living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT)constituted the LDLT group,and deceaseddonor liver transplantation(DDLT)was performed in217 patients.Patients in the LDLT group were randomly matched(1:2)to patients who underwent DDLT using a multivariate case-matched method,so 40 patients in the LDLT group and 80 patients in the DDLT group were enrolled into the study.We compared the two groups in terms of clinicopathological characteristics,postoperative complications,long-term cumulative survival and relapse-free survival outcomes.The modified Clavien-Dindo classification system of surgical complications was used to evaluate the severity of perioperative complications.Furthermore,we determined the difference in the overall biliary complication rates in the perioperative and follow-up periods between the LDLT and DDLT groups.RESULTS:The clinicopathological characteristics of the enrolled patients were comparable between the two groups.The duration of operation was significantly longer(553 min vs 445 min,P<0.001)in the LDLT group than in the DDLT group.Estimated blood loss(1188 mL vs 1035 mL,P=0.055)and the proportion of patients with intraoperative transfusion(60.0%vs 43.8%,P=0.093)were slightly but not significantly greater in the LDLT group.In contrast to DDLT,LDLT was associated with a lower rate of perioperative gradeⅡcomplications(45.0%vs 65.0%,P=0.036)but a higher risk of overall biliary complications(27.5%vs 7.5%,P=0.003).Nonetheless,21 patients(52.5%)in the LDLT group and 46 patients(57.5%)in the DDLT group experienced perioperative complications,and overall perioperative complication rates were similar between the two groups(P=0.603).No significant difference was observed in 5-year overall survival(74.1%vs 66.6%,P=0.372)or relapse-free survival(72.9%vs 70.9%,P=0.749)between the LDLT and DDLT groups.CONCLUSION:Although biliary complications were more common in the LDLT group,this group did not show any inferiority in long-term overall survival or relapse-free survival compared with DDLT.

Effect of Fe_2B boride orientation on abrasion wear resistance of Fe-B cast alloy

The microstructures and abrasion wear resistance of directional solidification Fe-B alloy have been investigated using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and laser scanning microscopy. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast Fe-B alloy consists of ferrite, pearlite and eutectic boride. After heat treatment, the microstructure is composed of boride and martensite. The plane which is perpendicular to the boride growth direction possesses the highest hardness. In two-body abrasive wear tests, the silicon carbide abrasive can cut the boride and martensite matrix synchronously, and the wear mechanism is micro cutting mechanism. The worn surface roughness and the wear weight loss both increase with the increasing contact load. Moreover, when the boride growth direction is perpendicular to the worn surface, the highest hardness plane of the boride can effectively oppose abrasion, and the martensite matrix can surround and support borides perfectly.

Vertical MBE growth of Si fins on sub-10 nm patterned substrate for high-performance FinFET technology

A high quality epitaxial Si layer by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE)on Si(001)substrates was demonstrated to fabricate a channel with low density defects for high-performance Fin FET technology.In order to study the effects of fin width and crystallography orientation on the MBE behavior,a 30 nm thick Si layer was deposited on the top of an etched Si fin with different widths from 10 nm to 50 nm and orientations of 100 and 110.The result shows that a defect-free Si film was obtained on the fin by MBE,since the etching damage was confined in the bottom of the epitaxial layer.In addition,the vertical growth of the epitaxial Si layer was observed on sub-10 nm 100 Si fins,and this was explained by a kinetic mechanism.

High strength bimetallic composite material fabricated by electroslag casting and characteristics of its composite interface

Bimetallic composite material of bainitic steel and PD3 steel was produced with electroslag casting process, and element distribution of its composite interface was investigated by theoretical calculation and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS). Results show that the tensile strength(1,450 MPa), hardness(HRC 41-47) and impact toughness(94.7J·cm^(-2)) of bainitic steel were comparatively high, while its elongation was slightly low(4.0%). Tensile strength(1,100 MPa), hardness(>HRC 31) and elongation(7.72%) of the interface were also relatively high, but its impact toughness was low at 20.4 J·cm^(-2). Results of theoretical calculation of the element distribution in the interface region were basically consistent with that of EDS. Therefore, electroslag casting is a practical process to produce bimetallic composite material of bainitic steel and PD3 steel, and theoretical calculation also is a feasible method to study element distribution of their interface.

Eco-friendly Synthesis of Cyclododecanone from Cyclododecatriene

An eco-friendly synthesis of cyclododecanone (CDON) from cyclododecatriene (CDT) is described. Selec- tive epoxidation of CDT with hydrogen peroxide using hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium heteropolyphospha- totungstate [(n-C16H33NMe3)3PW4O16, HAHPT] as catalyst and water as solvent followed by the hydrogena- tion on Raney nickel catalyst gave cyclododecanol (CDOL). The latter was oxidized with hydrogen peroxide using HAHPT as catalyst and a mixture of water and t-butanol as solvent to afford CDON. The total yield was 53.4% under the optimum reaction conditions.

A flexible electrode array for determining regions of motor function activated by epidural spinal cord stimulation in rats with spinal cord injury

Epidural stimulation of the spinal cord is a promising technique for the recovery of motor function after spinal cord injury.The key challenges within the reconstruction of motor function for paralyzed limbs are the precise control of sites and parameters of stimulation.To activate lower-limb muscles precisely by epidural spinal cord stimulation,we proposed a high-density,flexible electrode array.We determined the regions of motor function that were activated upon epidural stimulation of the spinal cord in a rat model with complete spinal cord,which was established by a transection method.For evaluating the effect of stimulation,the evoked potentials were recorded from bilateral lowerlimb muscles,including the vastus lateralis,semitendinosus,tibialis anterior,and medial gastrocnemius.To determine the appropriate stimulation sites and parameters of the lower muscles,the stimulation characteristics were studied within the regions in which motor function was activated upon spinal cord stimulation.In the vastus lateralis and medial gastrocnemius,these regions were symmetrically located at the lateral site of L1 and the medial site of L2 vertebrae segment,respectively.The tibialis anterior and semitendinosus only responded to stimulation simultaneously with other muscles.The minimum and maximum stimulation threshold currents of the vastus lateralis were higher than those of the medial gastrocnemius.Our results demonstrate the ability to identify specific stimulation sites of lower muscles using a high-density and flexible array.They also provide a reference for selecting the appropriate conditions for implantable stimulation for animal models of spinal cord injury.This study was approved by the Animal Research Committee of Southeast University,China(approval No.20190720001) on July 20,2019.

Contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography using Exi Tron nano6000 for assessment of liver injury

AIM: To explore the potential of contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CECT) using Exi Tron nano6000 for assessment of liver lesions in mouse models.METHODS: Three mouse models of liver lesions were used: bile duct ligation(BDL),lipopolysaccharide(LPS)/D-galactosamine(D-Gal N),and alcohol.After injection with the contrast agent Exi Tron nano6000,the mice were scanned with micro-CT.Liver lesions were evaluated using CECT images,hematoxylin and eosin staining,and serum aminotransferase levels.Macrophage distribution in the injury models was shown by immunohistochemical staining of CD68.The in vitro studies measured the densities of RAW264.7 under different conditions by CECT.RESULTS: In the in vitro studies,CECT provided specific and strong contrast enhancement of liver in mice.CECT could present heterogeneous images anddensities of injured livers induced by BDL,LPS/D-Gal N,and alcohol.The liver histology and immunochemistry of CD68 demonstrated that both dilated biliary tracts and necrosis in the injured livers could lead to the heterogeneous distribution of macrophages.The in vitro study showed that the RAW264.7 cell masses had higher densities after LPS activation.CONCLUSION: Micro-CT with the contrast agent Exi Tron nano6000 is feasible for detecting various liver lesions by emphasizing the heterogeneous textures and densities of CECT images.

半导体量子计算芯片

近年来,量子计算受到国内外越来越广泛的关注,美国、欧洲、日本和澳大利亚等国都投入了大量资金,量子计算应用研究成果开始涌现.在众多的量子计算物理系统中,半导体量子计算因具有与现有集成电路工艺兼容及可扩展、可集成的优点而备受重视.本文在介绍国内外半导体量子计算研究进展的基础上,探讨半导体量子计算发展中面临的关键科学技术难题,以及未来半导体量子计算规模化、集成化、产线化的发展趋势.

Pharmacological effects of Paeoniflorin and Albiflorin on IL-3, GM-CSF, IL-6 and TNF-α in the rats of syndrome of stagnation of liver qi and blood deficiency

目的：观察芍药苷（PF）、芍药内酯苷（AF）对血虚肝郁证候模型大鼠外周血细胞、脏器指数、造血细胞因子的影响,探讨白芍养血柔肝功效的物质基础及作用机制.方法：将SD雄性大鼠,根据体质量随机分组,每组12只.除空白组外,其余均采用放射线辐照结合慢性束缚应激复制血虚肝郁证候模型.观察大鼠体质量、脏器指数,并监测外周全血中白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）的数量,分离血清用放射免疫法（RIA）检测大鼠白细胞介素-3（IL-3）、粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的含量.结果：与模型组比较,PF30mg·kg^-1组和AF30mg·kg^-1组体质量、脾脏指数、白细胞数量明显增加（P〈0.05、P〈0.01）.RIA结果显示,PF30mg·kg^-1组和AF30mg·kg^-1组均可增加该组IL-3含量（P〈0.05、P〈0.05）和减少该组TNF-α含量（P〈0.05、P〈0.05）.结论：芍药苷、芍药内酯苷通对骨髓造血系统和免疫系统的调节作用,发挥对血虚肝郁大鼠的补血作用,提示二者均为白芍养血柔肝功效的主要有效成分.