Prevalence and risk factors on age-related cataract and surgery in adults over 50 years old in Binhu District, Wuxi, China

AIM:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related cataract(ARC),ARC surgery procedures,and postoperative vision results among adults over 50 years old in the Binhu District of Wuxi City,China.METHODS:Thirty basic sampling units were analyzed via a cluster random sampling method.Detailed medical histories were collected and eye examinations were performed.Cataract prevalence and surgical procedures were quantified.RESULTS:Among the 6150 participants,1421 cataract cases were diagnosed and prevalence was 23.1%.The prevalence of cortical,nuclear,and posterior subcapsular cataracts increased with age(P<0.001).Cataract prevalence was significantly higher among elderly,female,or illiterate individuals and people with hypertension,diabetes,and a history of smoking and drinking(all P<0.05).As participant age increased and education level decreased,the frequency of cataract blindness surgeries gradually decreased,but without statistical significance within groups(P>0.05).The odds ratio of cataract patients who had or did not have cataract surgery was 3.15(87/28)and the frequency of cataract blindness surgery was 75.7%(87/115).Poor visual outcomes was in 107 eyes(40.7%)after cataract surgery.Poor vision was mostly caused by uncorrected reflective errors(30.9%)and ocular comorbidities(41.1%).The prevalence of cataract surgery complications was 5.7%(15/263).Surgical complications and posterior capsular opacification were avoidable factors facilitating poor vision.CONCLUSION:ARC,especially in females and illiterateindividuals,presents a public health problem in this district.Poor visual outcomes after cataract surgery are frequent.High-quality cataract surgeries and treatment of ocular comorbidities are vital.

Coexistence of isospin I=0 and I=1 pairings in asymmetric nuclear matter

The coexistence of neutron-neutron(n-n),proton-proton(p-p),and neutron-proton(n-p)pairings is investigated by adopting an effective density-dependent contact pairing potential.These three types of pairings can coexist only if the n-p pairing is stronger than the n-n and p-p pairings for the isospin asymmetric nuclear matter.In addition,the existence of n-n and p-p pairs might enhance n-p pairings in asymmetric nuclear matter when the n-p pairing strength is significantly stronger than the n-n and p-p ones.Conversely,the n-p pairing is reduced by the n-n and p-p pairs when the n-p pairing interaction approaches n-n and p-p pairings.

Time-Delay Effects on Constitutive Gene Expression

The dynamics of constitutive gene expression with delayed m RNA degradation is investigated, where the intrinsic noise caused by the small number of reactant molecules is introduced. It is found that the oscillatory behavior claimed in previous investigations does not appear in the approximation of small time delay, and the steady state distribution still follows the Poisson law. Furthermore, we introduce the extrinsic noise induced by surrounding environment to explore the effects of this noise and time delay on the Fano factor. Based on a delay Langevin equation and the corresponding Fokker–Planck equation, the distribution of m RNA copy-number is achieved analytically. The time delay and extrinsic noise play similar roles in the gene expression system, that is, they are able to result in the deviation of the Fano factor from 1 evidently. The measured Fano factor for constitutive gene expression is slightly larger than 1, which is perhaps attributed to the time-delay effect.