Secondary Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Xylaria sp.hg1009

A detailed chemical investigation of the secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Xylaria sp.isolated from the stems of Isodon sculponeatus afforded six new compounds,xylariahgins A-F(1-6),two new natural products(7 and 8),along with two known compounds(9 and 10)(Fig.1).The structures of all compounds were unambiguously established by analyzing their spectroscopic data or referring to pertinent literature.Compounds 1-8 were tested for their cytotoxic activity against five human tumor cell lines.

Arthrinins E-G, Three Botryane Sesquiterpenoids from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Arthrinium sp. HS66

Arthrinins E-G(1-3),three new sesquiterpenoids possessing non-isoprenoid botryane skeleton,were isolated from the fermentation of an endophytic fungus named Arthrinium sp.HS66 which colonized in the stems of Isodon xerophilus.Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods.Furthermore,the structure of 1 was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray diffraction,while those of 2 and 3 were verified through quantum chemical calculation of NMR data and ECD spectra.

Serum microRNA expression profiling revealing potential diagnostic biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma

Background:Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs(miRNAs)in the blood circulation can serve as promising diagnostic markers for cancers.This four-stage study aimed at finding serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers for lung adenocarcinoma(LA)diagnosis.Methods:The study was carried out between 2016 and 2017.The Exiqon miRNA qPCR panel(3 LA vs.1 normal control[NC]pooled serum samples)was used for initial screening to acquire miRNA profiles.Thirty-five dysregulated miRNAs were further evaluated in the training(24 LA vs.24 NCs)and testing stages(110 LA vs.110 NCs)using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays.Results:Four serum miRNAs(miR-133a-3p,miR-584-5p,miR-10b-5p,and miR-221-3p)were significantly overexpressed in LA patients compared with NCs.The diagnostic value of the four-miRNA panel was validated by an external cohort(36 LA vs.36 NCs).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the four-miRNA panel in the training,testing,and external validation stages were 0.734,0.803,and 0.894 respectively.Meanwhile,the expression level of miR-221-3p was much higher in LA tumor samples than that in the adjacent normal tissues(19 LA vs.19 NCs).The expression level of miR-10b-5p was also elevated in the serum-derived exosomes samples(18 LA vs.18 NCs).The expression of miR-133a-3p,miR-584-5p,and miR-10b-5p was significantly elevated in LA patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation compared with NCs.Conclusion:The study established a four-miRNA signature in serum that could improve the diagnostic capability of LA.

Pestaloamides A and B,two spiro-heterocyclic alkaloid epimers from the plant endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp.HS30

Pestaloamides A and B(1 and 2),two novel alkaloids featuring an unprecedented spiro[imidazothiazoledione-alkylidenecyclopentenone]scaffold,were obtained from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis sp.HS30 which inhabited the stems of Isodon xerophilus.Their planar structures and absolute configurations were fully determined by extensive spectroscopic analysis and X-ray crystallography.In addition,both compounds 1 and 2 showed the latent tumor immunotherapy activity through markedly promoting the cell surface engagement of NKG2 D ligands involving MICA/B and ULBP1 in HCT116 cells.