分子动力学模拟和实验研究铝屑脱油、水技术及机理

通过热重分析、扫描电子显微镜、响应曲面和分子动力学等方法,阐明铝屑脱油脱水的过程和机理。结果表明,铝屑表面切削液在200~300℃质量损失明显,超过400℃时被碳化。水、表面活性剂和油分子在室温下分层排列。表面活性剂中的O—H和水中的O原子之间分别在1.63、3.27和5.05A处存在强氢键、强范德华力和弱范德华力。随着温度的升高,弱范德华力相互作用消失,氢键减弱。超过277℃时强范德华力和氢键被破坏,导致水-表面活性剂-油分层界面的失稳及破坏。在370℃和3 cm装料厚度下加热70 min时,铝屑的油、水脱除率达99.7%。

风力机动态偏航时对风轮气动性能影响的数值模拟研究

本文是对动态偏航风力机输出功率和风轮表面的压力分布进行了研究。以某S翼型风力机叶片为研究对象,采用有限元方法,模拟叶片在额定工况下以10°/s的旋转速度从正对来流风开始顺时针匀速偏转30°。在动态偏航过程中取10°,20°两个偏航角位置时的风轮表面气动力及5°,10°,15°,20°,25°,30°六个偏航角下风轮的输出功率分别进行气动力及输出功率对比,结果发现:同一偏航角下,风力机动态偏航时,三支叶片间存在不平衡气动力;同一偏航角同一叶片相同径向位置,风轮动态偏航时压力面与吸力面的压强差小于风轮静态偏航时压力面与吸力面的压强差。风力机发生动态偏航时,风力机受气动力变化幅度较大,输出功率会较大波动。

Expression and significance of Musashi-1 in gastric cancer and precancerous lesions

AIM:To investigate expression of stem cell marker Musashi-1(Msi-1)in relationship to tumorigenesis and progression of intestinal-type gastric cancer(GC).METHODS:Endoscopic biopsy specimens and surgical specimens were obtained,including 54 cases of intestinal-type GC,41 high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,57low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia,31 intestinal metaplasia,and 36 normal gastric mucosa.Specimens were fixed in 10%paraformaldehyde,conventionally dehydrated,embedded in paraffin,and sliced in 4-μm-thick serial sections.Two-step immunohistochemical staining was used to detect Msi-1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)expression.Correlation analysis was conducted between Msi-1 and PCNA expression.The relationship between Msi-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters of GC was analyzed statistically.RESULTS:There were significant differences in Msi-1and PCNA expression in different pathological tissues(χ2=15.37,P<0.01;χ2=115.36,P<0.01).Msi-1and PCNA-positive cells were restricted to the isthmus of normal gastric glands.Expression levels of Msi-1and PCNA in intestinal metaplasia were significantly higher than in normal mucosa(U=392.0,P<0.05;U=40.50,P<0.01),whereas there was no significant difference compared to low or high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.Msi-1 and PCNA expression in intestinaltype GC was higher than in high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia(U=798.0,P<0.05;U=688.0,P<0.01).There was a significantly positive correlation between Msi-1 and PCNA expression(rs=0.20,P<0.01).Msi-1expression in GC tissues was correlated with their lymph node metastasis and tumor node metastasis stage(χ2=12.62,P<0.01;χ2=11.24,P<0.05),but not with depth of invasion and the presence of distant metastasis.CONCLUSION:Msi-1-positive cells may play a key role in the early events of gastric carcinogenesis and may be involved in invasion and metastasis of GC.

Respiratory failure and macrophage activation syndrome as an onset of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report

BACKGROUND Macrophage activation syndrome(MAS)is defined as a specific secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis that refers particularly to those triggered by autoimmune diseases.MAS is a rare and highly lethal complication of systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE),which can be associated with,or mimic,disease flare.However,the data regarding the clinical course,management and outcome of SLE with MAS is limited,especially in adults.Lack of clinical recognition of the disease often leads to poor prognosis.CASE SUMMARY We report a 36-year-old Chinese woman without relevant past medical history who was admitted to hospital with a 6-d history of jaundice and a high fever of 39.4°C lasting one day.Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging excluded obstructive jaundice,no infection was identified and empiric superior antibiotic treatment(meropenem)showed no clinical improvement.However,newly emerged pancytopenia and respiratory failure endangered the patient’s life.Autoimmune work-up finally led to the diagnosis of SLE,which initially presented as MAS and manifested respiratory failure,although neither bone marrow biopsy nor lymph node biopsy showed hemophagocytosis.To our knowledge,such a scenario has never been reported in detail before.The patient had a favorable reaction to combination treatment with corticosteroid and cyclosporine A and has been in clinical remission during the 1-year follow up period.CONCLUSION Respiratory failure and MAS can be an onset of SLE.Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are extremely important for a better prognosis.

量子计算机辅助设计先进的超导量子比特:Plasmonium

复杂的超导量子电路可以用来设计对噪声免疫的量子比特,但其复杂性可能会超出经典计算机所具备的模拟能力.在这种情况下,可以借助量子计算机来对其进行高效的模拟.在这项工作中,作者展示了在基于transmon比特的量子计算机上,利用变分量子算法模拟一种超导量子电路,并且基于此设计了一种新的量子比特“Plasmonium”,它工作在等离子体跃迁区域.文中展示的Plasmonium量子比特展示出了较高的两比特门保真度99.58(3)%.相比于transmon比特,它具有更小的物理尺寸和更大的非谐性.这些特征使得Plasmonium可以成为制造多比特量子处理器强有力的候选者.这项研究结果证实了利用量子计算机辅助设计更先进的量子处理器的可能性.

Esophageal mycobiome landscape and interkingdom interactions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Background The study purpose was to characterize the mycobiome and its associations with the expression of pathogenic genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).Methods Patients with primary ESCC were recruited from two central hospitals.We performed internal transcribed spacer 1(ITS1)ribosomal DNA sequencing analysis.We compared differential fungi and explored the ecology of fungi and the interaction of bacteria and fungi.Results The mycobiota diversity was significantly different between tumors and tumor-adjacent samples.We further analysed the differences between the two groups,at the species level,confirming that Rhodotorula toruloides,Malassezia dermatis,Hanseniaspora lachancei,and Spegazzinia tessarthra were excessively colonized in the tumor samples,whereas Preussia persica,Fusarium solani,Nigrospora oryzae,Acremonium furcatum,Golovinomyces artemisiae,and Tausonia pullulans were significantlymore abundant in tumor-adjacent samples.The fungal co-occurrence network in tumor-adjacent samples was larger and denser than that in tumors.Similarly,themore complex bacterial–fungal interactions in tumor-adjacent samples were also detected.The expression ofmechanistic target of rapamycin kinase was positively correlated with the abundance of N.oryzae and T.pullulans in tumor-adjacent samples.In tumors,the expression ofMET proto-oncogene,receptor tyrosine kinase(MET)had a negative correlation and a positive correlation with the abundance of R.toruloides and S.tessarthra,respectively.Conclusion This study revealed the landscape of the esophageal mycobiome characterized by an altered fungal composition and bacterial and fungal ecology in ESCC.

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 266 cases of intracerebral hemorrhage in Hangzhou,China

Ethnicity and socioeconomic factors can influence disease susceptibility,clinical presentation,and outcome.We investigated the clinical characteristics(age,sex,seasonal variation,lesion site,symptoms,complications,prognosis,and sequelae) and risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) in 266 cases treated at our hospital in Hangzhou City,China,from January 2011 to December 2011.Risk of ICH increased dramatically with age;only 4.3% of cases were <30 years old,while 44.4% were >60 years of age.Men outnumbered women by 2:1(67.3% vs.32.7%).Single hemorrhage was most often located in the cerebral lobes(37.2% of cases),basal ganglia(34.2%),thalamus(8.3%),cerebellum(6.8%),ventricle(1.5%),and brainstem(1.1%),while 10.9% of cases exhibited hemorrhages at multiple sites.Hypertension was also a major risk factor for ICH,as 47% of all patients were hypertensive and the percentage increased with age.In hypertensive patients,the most common hemorrhage site was the basal ganglia and ICH was often associated with thrombopenia.In patients with leukemia(all forms),most hemorrhages were lobar.Warfarinand encephalic operation-associated ICHs were all lobar.Headache was the major symptom of occipital,temporal,and frontal lobe hemorrhage.Dizziness,nausea,and vomiting were the major symptoms of cerebellum hemorrhage.Limb dysfunction was the major symptom of thalamic and basal ganglia hemorrhage.Disturbed level of consciousness was the major symptom in multisite,ventricular,parietal lobe,and brainstem hemorrhage.Hyperspasmia occurred most often in lobar hemorrhage and blurred vision in occipital lobe hemorrhage.Hospital mortality was 24.4%(n=65) with a mean delay from presentation to death of(10.5±18.5) d.The majority of fatalities were cerebral hernia cases(58.5%) and these patients also had the shortest time to death [(2.9±3.5) d].Mortality was 100% in brainstem ICH and hemorrhagic conversion of cerebral infarct.Thrombopenia-associated ICH also had a high mortality rate(81.0%),while patients with cerebrovascular malformations and cerebral aneurysms demonstrated a much better prognosis(46.2% recovery).

Nitric Oxide Potentiates Oligosaccharide-induced Artemisinin Production in Artemisia annua Hairy Roots

The purpose of the present study was to characterize the generation of nitric oxide （NO） in Artemisia annua roots induced by an oligosaccharide elicitor （OE） from Fusarium oxysporum mycelium and the potentiation role of NO in the elicitation of artemisinin accumulation. The OE （0.3 mg total sugar/mL） induced a rapid production of NO in cultures, which exhibited a biphasic time course, reaching the first plateau within 1.5 h and the second within 8 h of OE treatment. Artemisinin content in 20-day-old hairy roots was increased from 0.7mg/g dry wt to 1.3 mg/g dry wt by using the OE treatment for 4d. In the absence of OE, the NO donor sodium nitroprusside （SNP） at 10, 50 ~1 and 100 ~1 enhanced the growth of hairy roots, but had no effect on artemisinin synthesis, The combination of SNP with OE increased artemisinin content from 1.2 mg/g drywt to 2.2 mg/g dry wt, whereas the maximum production of artemisinin in cultures was 28.5 mg/L, a twofold increase over the OE treatment alone. The effects of SNP on the OE-induced artemisinin were suppressed strongly by the NO scavenger 2-（4- carboxyphenyl）-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide （cPTIO）. The results suggest that NO can strongly potentiate elicitor-induced artemisinin synthesis in A. annua hairy roots.

Idebenone Maintains Survival of Mutant Myocilin Cells by Inhibiting Apoptosis

INTRODUCTION Glaucoma is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease and exhibits heterogeneity, polygenic inheritance, and incomplete penetrance. Primary open-angle glaucoma （POAG） is the most common form of glaucoma. Although the underlying etiology of POAG is unknown, there is evidence that genetic mutations are closely associated with this disease, Among myocilin （MYOC） mutations, Pro370Leu （P370L） is responsible for one of the most severe glaucoma phenotypes, However, the function of MYOC protein is still not well understood.

基于时间分辨粒子图像测速技术的水平轴风力机近尾迹特性的实验研究（英文）

目的：探索风力机运行在不同尖速比下近尾迹流场的瞬态和时均特性,揭示风力机近尾迹场的涡量、流速、湍流和雷诺应力演化规律,为相关的数值模拟提供实验对比数据支撑。创新点：将时间分辨粒子图像测速技术应用于风力机近尾迹测量可以捕捉到较高时间分辨率和高精度的流动信息,进而揭示风力机近尾迹详细的流动机理。方法：实验在风洞里面进行,利用时间分辨粒子图像测速技术获得风力机瞬时流场（图1-3）,通过调节风力机配套电机的负荷输出可以得到不同的运行尖速比。对测量得到的瞬时速度的后处理可以得到瞬时涡量以及湍动能和雷诺应力的时均值。结论：1.风力机近尾迹区域沿径向可分为速度增益区、速度保持区和速度亏损区,不同尖速比下速度恢复到主流速度的径向位置基本相同;2.在后半个半径长度区域内,径向平均速度沿径向方向有增加的趋势,而在叶尖以上,径向平均速度沿径向减小;3.近尾迹湍动能在径向方向上0.3倍和0.9倍半径高度处会出现峰值,而在0.6倍半径附近位置会出现湍动能最低值;4.在风力机近尾迹,雷诺剪切应力小于雷诺正应力,在叶根附近,轴向雷诺正应力大于径向雷诺正应力以及雷诺剪切应力,而在叶尖处,径向雷诺正应力大于轴向雷诺正应力以及雷诺剪切应力。