Active components of Bupleuri Radix in the treatment of schizophrenia analyzed by network pharmacology and clinical verification

Background:Bupleuri Radix is a common Chinese medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine.Currently,the therapeutic effect of treating schizophrenia is relatively well understood.However,there are fewer studies examining the underlying mechanisms of its treatment.The objective of the study was to investigate the primary mechanisms of Bupleuri Radix in treating schizophrenia through network pharmacology and clinical validation.Method:Network pharmacology revealed possible molecular mechanisms,followed by clinical verification.Sixty-seven schizophrenia patients undergoing treatment at the Hunan Brain Hospital between October and November 2022 were recruited and randomly divided into the olanzapine group and the olanzapine+Bupleuri Radix group.Additionally,32 healthy people undergoing physical examinations during the same period were included as the control group.The patient’s positive and negative symptom scale scores were compared.qPCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of ESR1,mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 in peripheral blood.Results:Through network pharmacological analysis,it was concluded in this study that Bupleuri Radix might regulate the mTOR,PI3K-Akt,and HIF-1 signaling pathways.Clinical experiments indicated that compared with before treatment,the positive and negative symptom scale scores and total scores of the two treatment groups were significantly decreased after treatment(P<0.01).In addition,the positive and negative symptom scale scores and total scores in the olanzapine+Bupleuri Radix group were significantly decreased(P<0.01)compared to the olanzapine group after treatment.Before treatment,ESR1 mRNA expression levels in peripheral blood were significantly higher in the two treatment groups than in the control group,whereas the mRNA expression levels of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 in peripheral blood were significantly lower(P<0.01).The mRNA expression levels of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 in peripheral blood were significantly higher after therapy than before treatment,whereas the mRNA expression levels of ESR1 in peripheral blood were significantly lower(P<0.01).After therapy,the olanzapine+Bupleuri Radix group’s mRNA expression levels of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 were significantly higher than those of the olanzapine group,whereas the mRNA expression levels of ESR1 were significantly lower(P<0.01).Conclusion:The mechanism of Bupleuri Radix’s therapeutic efficacy in schizophrenia may involve the up-regulation of mTOR,EIF4E,and SMAD4 mRNA expression and the down-regulation of ESR1 mRNA expression in peripheral blood.

Clinical significance of serum tumor markers and cytokines in the detection of breast cancer

Objective:To explore the clinical significance of serum tumor markers and cytokines in the detection of breast cancer.Methods:A total of 586 different breast cancer staging, 250 patients with benign breast disease and 250 controls were detected and compared the serum tumor markers (CA125, CA153, CA199, CEA,β-hCG, CYFRA21-1, TPS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, GDF3) level.Results:The serum tumor staging of breast cancer were different markers (CA125, CA153, CA199, CEA,β-hCG, CYFRA21-1, TPS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, GDF3) were higher than those in control group and benign breast disease group and had statistical difference, serum tumor between different groups of breast cancer staging markers and cytokine levels were statistically different, with the staging of elevated serum tumor markers were increased with stage IV breast cancer group was the highest, was found between the control group and the benign breast disease group serum tumor marker was found the difference and cytokine.Conclusion:Serum tumor markers (CA125, CA153, CA199, CEA,β-hCG, CYFRA21-1, TPS) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, GDF3) in breast cancer detection have important clinical significance.