Experimental investigation of ultra-early-strength cement-based selfcompacting high strength concrete slabs(URCS)under contact explosions

In this paper,UR50 ultra-early-strength cement-based self-compacting high-strength concrete slabs(URCS)have been subjected to contact explosion tests with different TNT charge quality,aiming to evaluate the anti-explosive performance of URCS.In the experiment,three kinds of ultra-early-strength cement-based reinforced concrete slabs with different reinforcement ratios and a normal concrete slab(NRCS)were used as the control specimen,the curing time of URCS is 28 days and 24 h respectively.The research results show that URCS has a stronger anti-explosion ability than NRCS.The failure mode of URCS under contact explosion is that the front of the reinforced concrete slab explodes into a crater,and the back is spall.With the increase of the charge,the failure mode of the reinforced concrete slab gradually changed to explosive penetration and explosive punching.The experiment results also show that the reinforcement ratio of URCS has little effect on the anti-blast performance,and URCS can reach its anti-blast performance at 28 days after curing for 24 h.On this basis,the damage parameters of URCS for different curing durations were quantified,and an empirical formula for predicting the diameter of the crater and spalling was established.

Effective dynamics and quantum state engineering by periodic kicks

We study the kick dynamics of periodically driven quantum systems,and provide a time-independent effective Hamiltonian with the analytical form to reasonably describe the effective dynamics in a long timescale.It is shown that the effective coupling strength can be much larger than the coupling strength of the original system in some parameter regions,which stems from the zero time duration of kicks.Furthermore,different regimes can be transformed from and to each other in the same three-level system by only modulating the period of periodic kicks.In particular,the population of excited states can be selectively suppressed in periodic kicks,benefiting from the large detuning regime of the original system.Finally,some applications and physical implementation of periodic kicks are demonstrated in quantum systems.These unique features would make periodic kicks become a powerful tool for quantum state engineering.

Cooling by Coulomb Heat Drag Based on Three Coupled Quantum Dots

We establish a model for a four-terminal thermoelectric system,based on three coupled quantum dots,which consists of a left/right electron reservoir(the source and the drain),two thermal reservoirs and three coupled quantum dots.Based on the master equation theory,we derive the expressions of the electron current and heat flow among the three quantum dots and the corresponding reservoir.We show that the source can be cooled by passing a thermal current between the two thermal reservoirs,with no net heat exchange between the thermal reservoirs and the electron reservoirs.This effect is called the Coulomb heat drag effect.Then,we define the coefficient of performance(COP) and the cooling power.The influence of the main system parameters,such as charging energy,energy level,and temperature,on the performance of the four-terminal thermoelectric system is analyzed in detail.By choosing appropriate parameters one can obtain the maximum cooling power and the corresponding COP.Finally,we also show that the Maxwell demon effect can be realized by using nonequilibrium thermal reservoirs in our four-terminal thermoelectric system.

Damage analysis of POZD coated square reinforced concrete slab under contact blast

High efficiency, environmental protection and sustainability have become the main theme of the development of the protection engineering, requiring that the components not only meet the basic functions, but also have chemical properties such as acid and alkali corrosion resistance and aging resistance. Polyisocyanate-oxazodone(POZD) polymer has the above characteristics, it also has the advantages of strong toughness, high strength and high elongation. The concrete slab sprayed with POZD material has excellent anti-blast performance. In order to explore the damage characteristics of POZD sprayed concrete slabs under the action of contact explosion thoroughly, the contact explosion test of POZD concrete slabs with different charges were carried out. On the basis of experimental verification,numerical simulation were used to study the influence of the thickness of the POZD on the blast resistance of the concrete slab. According to the test and numerical simulation results that as the thickness of the coating increases, the anti-blast performance of the concrete slab gradually increases,and the TNT equivalent required for critical failure is larger. Based on the above analysis, empirical expressions on normalized crater diameter, the normalized spall diameter and normalized spall diameter are obtained.

LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,ameliorates behavioral and pathological deterioration via modulating the neuroendocrine-immune abnormalities in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1^(ΔE9) transgenic mice

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of LW-AFC,a new formula of the main active components extracted fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on treatment of Alzheimer disease(AD) in mouse models.METHODS After treatment LW-AFC,mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments.Neuron loss,amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition,and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining,immunofluorescence,and an Alpha LISA assay,respectively.Multiplex bead analysis,a radioimmunoassay,immunochemiluminometry,and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using flow cytometry.RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance.In addition,LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus,suppressed Αβ deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippocampus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice.LW-AFC treatment also significantly decreased the secretion of corticotropin-releasing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the hypothalamus,and adrenocorticotropic hormone,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone in the pituitary.Moreover,LW-AFC increased CD8+CD28+T cells,and reduced CD4^+CD25^+Foxp3^+T cells in the spleen lymphocytes,down-regulated interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-6,IL-23,granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,and tumor necrosis factor-α and-β,and up-regulated IL-4 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor in the plasma of APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of APP/PS1 transgenic micevia the restoration of the NIM network to a greater extent than either memantineor donepezil,which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

Effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,on intestinal microbiome in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain,a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability.METHODS Morris-water maze test,novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA)was employed to investigate gut microbiota.RESULTS The treatment of LW-AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice,including spatial learning and memory ability,active avoidance response,and object recognition memory capability.Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1) strains,the control of SAMP8 mice.The treatment of LW-AFC altered 22(16 increased and 6 decreased)OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them,15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice.We further showed that there were7(3 negative and 4 positive correlation)OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities,at the order level,including Bacteroidales,Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,CW040,and two unclassified orders.LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice.CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.

SOD mimicAEOL-10150 improve lifespan and delay brain aging via inhibition of senescence-associated secretory phenotype in SAMR1 strain

OBJECTIVE To observe the anti-aging effects of SOD mimic AEOL^(-1)0150 in antisenescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1)strain.METHODS The lifespan of SAMR1 mice were observed by subcutaneous injection AEOL^(-1)0150 2 mg·kg-1once a week.Morris water maze,new object recognition,nesting and forced swimming were used to observe the behavioral changes of animals.Lymphocyte subgroups and ROS were measured by Flow cytometry.The cytokines levels were determined by Luminex method.The number of DCX+neurons in brain tissue was observed by immunofluorescence.RESULTS The results showed that AEOL^(-1)0150 could prolong the mean lifespan of SAMR1 mice,but it had no obvious effect on maximal lifespan.What′s more,AEOL^(-1)0150 could significantly improve the spatial learning memory of aged mice,but it could not increase the number of DCX+neurons in the hypothalamic MBH and hippocampal DG regions.Then,we observed the effects of AEOL^(-1)0150 on peripheral blood lymphocyte subgroups and cytokines.We found that AEOL^(-1)0150significantly modulated the lymphocyte subgroups and cytokine release.Especially,AEOL^(-1)0150 can dose-dependently inhibit plasma levels of SASP related inflammatory cytokines TNF-αand IL^(-1)7.CONCLUSION The results indicate that AEOL^(-1)0150 has anti-aging effects,and the effects are closely related to modulating immunity and inhibiting SASP production.

LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,ameliorates behavioral and pathological deterioration via modulating the neuroendocrineimmune system in Alzheimer disease mouse models

OBJECTIVE Alzheimer disease(AD),the most common cause of dementia among older people,could not be prevented,halted,or reversed up till now.A large body of pharmacological study has revealed that Liuwei Dihuang(LW) possesses potential therapeutic effects on AD.LW-AFC is key fractions fromLW.In the present study,we investigated the effect of LW-AFC on AD mouse models.METHODS PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) mice and senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain(SAMP8),classic AD animal models,were employed.After the treatment of LW-AFC,mice were cognitively evaluated in behavioral experiments.Neuron loss,amyloid-β(Αβ)deposition,and Αβ level were analyzed using Nissl staining,immunofluorescence,and an AlphaLISA assay,respectively.Multiplex bead analysis,a radioimmunoassay,immunochemiluminometry,and an ELISA were used to measure cytokine and hormone levels.Lymphocyte subsets were detected using fl ow cytometry.RESULTS LW-AFC ameliorated the cognitive impairment observed in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice,including the impairment of object recognition memory,spatial learning and memory,and active and passive avoidance.In addition,LW-AFC alleviated the neuron loss in the hippocampus,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposition in the brain,and reduced the concentration of Aβ1-42 in the hippo.campus and plasma of APP/PS1 mice.LW-AFC treatment also significantly restored the imbalance of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal(HPA) and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal(HPG) axis,enhanced the proliferation of splenocytes,corrected the disorder of lymphocyte subsets,and regulated the abnormal production of cytokine in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice.Effects of LW-AFC on pharmacodynamics and neuroendocrine immunomodulation network in APP/PS1 and SAMP8 mice were better than meman.tine and donepezil.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorated the behavioral and pathological deterioration of AD mouse models via the restoration of the NIM network,which supports the use of LW-AFC as a potential agent for AD therapy.

Liuwei Dihuang Decoction improves cognitive impairments via regulating immune system in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW) on cognition in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) transgenic mice.METHODS LW was adminis.trated with oral for 3 months.The locomotor activity test was performed to investigate the spontaneous motor activity of mice.The Morris water maze test and shuttle box test were performed to investigate the spatial learning and memory and active avoidance response respectively.The Αβ deposits and neuron loss in the hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence staining and nissl staining respectively.The flow cytometry was employed to investigate the lymphocyte subsets of the mice.The 3 H-thymidine incorporation was performed to investigate the splenocytes proliferation.RESULTS The treatment of LW ameliorated the impairments of spatial learning and memory and active and passive avoidance in APP/PS1 mice.The administration of LW alleviated neuron loss in the brain,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposits in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.The treatment of LW significantly increased ConAand LPS-induced proliferation of splenocytes,increased CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in the spleen lymphocytes and reduced Gr1+ cells in APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION This data indicated the adminis.tration of LW ameliorated behavioral and pathological deterioration via regulating immune function.

Use of Tetrazolium Salt INT for Estimation of Biological Activity of Activated Sludge Cultivated in SBR Process

The tetrazolium salt 2-( 4-Iodophenyl)-3-( 4-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride( INT) was used as a tool for estimating the activity of the electron transport system( ETS) in activated sludge in a 40 L sequencing batch reactor( SBR) and domestic sewage as the organic substrate. The activity of INT-ETS during one SBR cycle,and the effect of the ammonia concentration and the concentration of organic matter influent on the INT-ETS activity were investigated. The results show that: the use of INT is reliable in estimating of biological activity of activated sludge of SBR system; Biological activity of organic matter biodegradation, nitrification and denitrification process in SBR system reduce orderly. Obviously,INT-ETS activity reduces from 232. 59 mg /( g·h) to 190. 65 mg /( g·h) at first and then decreases to 113. 88 mg /( g·h) when influent concentration of COD and NH4 +-N is 300 mg / L and 40 mg / L respectively. In addition,various influent Nitrogen( NH4 +-N are 14. 5 mg / L and 42. 0 mg / L) and organic shock loading( COD are 293 mg / L and 685 mg / L) experimentations cure prove that operational conditions have no obvious effect on INT-ETS variation rule. However,the time of the appearance of feature points marking different reaction phase is influenced.

Effect of TongFengNing Decoction on Uric Acid Levels and Xanthine Oxidase Activity in Hyperuricemia Rats

目的 观察痛风宁对 HUA 大鼠尿酸、黄嘌呤氧化酶（xanthine oxidase,XOD）活性及 XOD mRNA 的影响. 方法： 90只 SD大鼠随机分为 6组（每组15只）.除空白组外,各组大鼠均以次黄嘌呤（HX）灌胃和氧嗪酸钾（OAPS）腹腔注射建立 HUA 大鼠模型.低、中、高剂量痛风宁组、别嘌醇组大鼠分别用不同剂量的相应药液灌胃,空白组与模型组用等量生理盐水灌胃,2次/d,共21d.在干预后的第7 、14 、21 d每组随机取5只大鼠,分别测定血尿酸（serum uric acid,SUA）、尿尿酸（urine uric acid,UUA）、肠道尿酸（Intestines uric acid,IUA）以及肝脏、小肠组织 XOD活性及其 mRNA表达情况. 结果： 干预第14 天和第21天,各剂量痛风宁组和别嘌呤醇组与模型组相比均显示 SUA、 IUA水平降低,UUA 水平升高,肝脏和小肠组织内 XOD 活性和XOD mRNA 表达降低（P 〈 0.05）.低、高剂量痛风宁组和别嘌呤醇组与中剂量痛风宁组相比,SUA、IUA水平升高,肝脏和小肠组织内 XOD活性和 XOD mRNA表达增加,UUA 水平降低（P 〈 0.05）.随着各剂量痛风宁组药物干预时间延长,SUA、IUA 水平、肝脏和小肠组织内 XOD活性、XOD mRNA 表达持续降低,UUA水平升高（P 〈 0.05）. 结论： 痛风宁能降低HUA模型大鼠SUA,这可能与其促进尿酸排泄,同时可抑制XOD活性并干预XOD mRNA的表达以减少尿酸生成有关.其中痛风宁中剂量降尿酸效果优于低、高剂量及别嘌醇.

基于螺吡喃和薁的机械力诱导变色高分子的研究

利用螺吡喃和薁这两类染料的刺激响应性和光学活性,设计合成了以薁为核、双螺吡喃取代的新型力敏团SP-Az-SP,并通过缩聚反应,制备了含SP-Az-SP的嵌段聚氨酯弹性体.对小分子力敏团在酸碱刺激、光照以及对弹性体在受力条件下的光学性质进行了系统的研究,发现了SP-Az-SP溶液对多重刺激具有正交响应性质,形成的螺吡喃开环产物呈现优异可调的生色效应.含SP-Az-SP的聚氨酯也表现出灵敏的力诱导变色性质,证明了螺吡喃和薁基元的耦合在开发多重刺激响应性高分子材料及调控机械力诱导变色高分子的光学信号灵敏度方面的可行性,其有望应用于高对比度的光学应力探测和指示等领域.

Three-in-one Fe-porphyrin based hybrid nanosheets for enhanced CO_(2)reduction and evolution kinetics in Li-CO_(2)battery

Efficient cathode-catalysts with multi-functional properties are essential for Li-CO_(2)battery,while the construction of them with simultaneously enhanced CO_(2)reduction and evolution kinetics is still challenging.Here,a kind of hybrid nanosheets based on Ru nanoparticles,Fe-TAPP and grapheme oxide(GO)has been designed through a one-pot self-assembly strategy.The Ru,Fe-porphyrin and GO based hybrid nanosheets(denoted as Ru/Fe-TAPP@GO)with integrated multi-components offer characteristics of ultrathin thickness(~4 nm),high electro-redox property,uniformly dispersed morphology,and high electrical conductivity,etc.These features endow Ru/Fe-TAPP@GO with ultra-low overpotential(0.82 V)and fully reversible discharge/charge property with a high specific-capacity of 39,000 m Ah/g within 2.0-4.5 V at 100 m A/g,which are much superior to Ru@GO and Fe-TAPP@GO.The achieved performance was presented as one of the best cathode-catalysts reported to date.The synergistically enhanced activity originated from the integrated hybrid nanosheets may provide a new pathway for designing efficient cathode-catalysts for Li-CO_(2)batteries.

A new construction for the statistical theory of the nonextensive systems

We propose a new statistical theory for classical and quantum small systems.It is a generalized scheme of the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistical theory by extending the Boltzmann–Gibbs statistical factor from infinite systems to finite systems based on the microcanonical ensemble distribution function and keeping this factor in all thermodynamic processes.We reconstruct the statistical theory for finite systems by obtaining the expression of the average particle number and the thermodynamic quantities such as entropy and specific heat,in the finite systems.We also explore the discontinuous phase transitions in the interacting classical nanoscale gases without the thermodynamic limit.

Local stability analysis of a low-dissipation cyclic refrigerator

We study the local stability near the maximum figure of merit for the low-dissipation cyclic refrigerator,where the irreversible dissipation occurs not only in the thermal contacts but also the adiabatic strokes.We find that the bounds of the coefficient of performance at a maximum figure of merit or maximum cooling rate in the presence of internal dissipation are identical to those in the corresponding absence of internal dissipation.Using two different scenarios,we prove the existence of a single stable steady state for the refrigerator,and clarify the role of internal dissipation on the stability of the thermodynamic steady state,showing that the speed of system evolution to the steady state decreases due to internal dissipation.