(D-Ser2) oxyntomodulin recovers hippocampal synaptic structure and theta rhythm in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice

In our previous studies,we have shown that(D-Ser2)oxyntomodulin(Oxm),a glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1)receptor(GLP1R)/glucagon receptor(GCGR)dual agonist peptide,protects hippocampal neurons against Aβ1-42-induced cytotoxicity,and stabilizes the calcium homeostasis and mitochondrial membrane potential of hippocampal neurons.Additionally,we have demonstrated that(D-Ser2)Oxm improves cognitive decline and reduces the deposition of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer’s disease model mice.However,the protective mechanism remains unclear.In this study,we showed that 2 weeks of intraperitoneal administration of(D-Ser2)Oxm ameliorated the working memory and fear memory impairments of 9-month-old 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice.In addition,electrophysiological data recorded by a wireless multichannel neural recording system implanted in the hippocampal CA1 region showed that(D-Ser2)Oxm increased the power of the theta rhythm.In addition,(D-Ser2)Oxm treatment greatly increased the expression level of synaptic-associated proteins SYP and PSD-95 and increased the number of dendritic spines in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease model mice.These findings suggest that(D-Ser2)Oxm improves the cognitive function of Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice by recovering hippocampal synaptic function and theta rhythm.

Interactions of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium Bromide with Acetone

^1H and ^13C NMR chemical shifts were determined to investigate the interactions of acetone with a room temperature ionic liquid 1-hexyl-3- methylimidazolium bromide [C6mim]Br at various mole fractions. Changes in chemical shifts of hydrogen nuclei and of carbon nuclei with the acetone concentration indicated the formation of hydrogen bond between anion of the ionic liquid and methyl protons of acetone. The NMR results were in good agreement with the ab initio computational results.

DFT Study of Iron Tetraphenylporphyrin Chloride and Iron Pentafluorophenylporphyrin Chloride

The geometry optimizations and the single point energy calculations of iron tetraphenylporphyrin chloride Fe（TPP）Cl and iron tetraphenylporphyrin chloride （Fe（TPP）Cl）, iron pentafluorophenylporphyrin chloride （Fe（TPPF20）Cl） were carried out by using the Density Functional Theory （DFT） UB3LYP with STO-3G^＊ and 6-31G^＊ basis sets, respectively. The electronic properties and the structures of high-lying molecular orbitals were analyzed in detail. The results show that partial spin is transferred from the Fe atom to the porphyrin ring and some electron with the spin opposite to the unpaired electron on the Fe atom is transferred from the porphyrin ring to the Fe atom. The π and σ-type bonding between the Fe atom and the porphyin ring cause the transfer. The fluorination enhances the electron transfer and the chemical stability of the complex. The high stability is important for the complex possessing high catalytic activity. The catalysis mechanism of oxygen molecule activation on the complex surface is also discussed based on the symmetry of the molecular orbitals.

Microstructural evolution of Ti–47Al–2Cr–2Nb–0.8B alloy prepared by semi-solid process

The refinement of large boride ribbons in the as-cast TiAl alloy is the essential issue for aerospace industry application,which is difficult to avoid by classical casting techniques.The present paper seeks to explore the possibility of the semi-solid process in manufacturing Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb-0.8 B(at%)alloy.An important result is that,except forming a nondendritic globular structure,the semi-solid process also plays a crucial role in refining large borides for the TiAl alloys with boron.In the current alloy,the long ribbon borides can be successfully converted to fine,equiaxed particles with an average size of 2-5μm.Furthermore,subsequent proper heat treatment is necessary to control and achieve a fine,nearly fully lamellar microstructure.The key microstructure-refinement mechanism is due to the fine borides obtained during semisolid process,which act as the effective nucleation centers for the formation of interdendritic fine y grains,providing the pinning effect on priorα-grain boundaries.These results prove that semi-solid process can be an ideal candidate for the microstructure refinement in TiAl alloys.