Artifi cial liver support system in treatment of liverfailure after acute poisoning

BACKGROUND： Acute poisoning （AP） may cause failure of the liver and kidney, and evendeath. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of artificial liver support system （ALSS） on thetreatment of liver failure after acute poisoning.METHODS： A total of 31 patients with liver failure caused by AP were admitted to emergency ICU,central ICU, and Department of Gastroenterology from 2005 to 2009 in Zhongshan Hospital Affi liatedto Xiamen University, China. Among them, 13 patients served as a treatment group, and used ALSS inaddition to detoxifi cation treatment and protective treatment of liver function, and the other 18 patientsserved as a control group receiving detoxifi cation treatment and protective treatment of liver function.RESULTS： In the treatment group, 10 patients （76.9%） were cured or improved, 2 died, and1 was discharged against advice. In the 18 patients in the control group, 7 （38.9%） were cured orimproved, 3 died, and 8 were discharged against advice. There was a significant difference in therates of improvement between the two groups （P〈0.05）.CONCLUSION： ALSS is a safe and effective clinical method for the treatment of acute toxicliver failure.

Controllable fabrication of self-organized nano-multilayers in copper–carbon films

In order to clarify the influence of methane concentration and deposition time on self-organized nano-multilayers,three serial copper-carbon films have been prepared at various methane concentrations with different deposition times using a facile magnetron sputtering deposition system. The ratios of methane concentration(CH4/Ar+CH4) used in the experiments are 20%, 40%, and 60%, and the deposition times are 5 minutes, 20 minutes, and 40 minutes, respectively.Despite the difference in the growth conditions, self-organizing multilayered copper-carbon films are prepared at different deposition times by changing methane concentration. The film composition and microstructure are investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), x-ray diffraction(XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). By comparing the composition and microstructure of three serial films, the optimal growth conditions and compositions for self-organizing nano-multilayers in copper-carbon film are acquired. The results demonstrate that the self-organized nano-multilayered structure prefers to form in two conditions during the deposition process. One is that the methane should be curbed at low concentration for long deposition time,and the other condition is that the methane should be controlled at high concentration for short deposition time. In particular, nano-multilayered structure is self-organized in the copper-carbon film with copper concentration of 10-25 at.%.Furthermore, an interesting microstructure transition phenomenon is observed in copper-carbon films, that is, the nanomultilayered structure is gradually replaced by a nano-composite structure with deposition time and finally covered by amorphous carbon.

Vacuum current-carrying tribological behavior of MoS2-Ti films with different conductivities

Current-carrying sliding is widely applied in aerospace equipment,but it is limited by the poor lubricity of the present materials and the unclear tribological mechanism.This study demonstrated the potential of MoS_(2)-based materials with excellent lubricity as space sliding electrical contact materials by doping Ti to improve its conductivity.The tribological behavior of MoS_(2)-Ti films under current-carrying sliding in vacuum was studied by establishing a simulation evaluating device.Moreover,the noncurrent-carrying sliding and static current-carrying experiments in vacuum were carried out for comparison to understand the tribological mechanism.In addition to mechanical wear,the current-induced arc erosion and thermal effect take important roles in accelerating the wear.Arc erosion is caused by the accumulation of electric charge,which is related to the conductivity of the film.While the current-thermal effect softens the film,causing strong adhesive wear,and good conductivity and the large contact area are beneficial for minimizing the thermal effect.So the moderate hardness and good conductivity of MoS_(2)-Ti film contribute to its excellent current-carrying tribological behavior in vacuum,showing a significant advantage compared with the traditional ones.

Rice OsGL 1-1 Is Involved in Leaf Cuticular Wax and Cuticle Membrane

Cuticular wax forms a hydrophobic barrier on aerial plant organs; it plays an important role in protecting a plant from damage caused by many forms of environmental stress. In the present study, we characterized a rice leaf wax-deficient mutant osgll-1 derived from a spontaneous mutation, which exhibited a wax-deficient and highly hydro- philic leaf phenotype. We cloned the OsGLI-1 gene by the map-based cloning method and performed a complementation test to confirm the function of the candidate gene. Molecular studies revealed that OsGLI-1 was a member of the OsGL1 family, and contained regions that were homologous to some regions in sterol desaturases and short-chain dehydro- genases/reductases. Compared to the wild-type, the osgll-1 mutant showed decreased cuticular wax deposition, thinner cuticular membrane, decreased chlorophyll leaching, increased rate of water loss, and enhanced sensitivity to drought. OsGL 1-1 is expressed ubiquitously in rice. The transient expression of OsGLl-l-green fluorescent protein fusion protein indicated that OsGLI-1 is localized in the cytoplasm, plasma membrane, and nucleus.

Identifying the Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Environmental Monitoring in Airborne Infectious Isolation Rooms(AIIRs)

Healthcare workers(HCWs)are at high risk of occupational exposure to the new pandemic human coronavirus,SARSCoV-2,and are a source of nosocomial transmission in airborne infectious isolation rooms(AIIRs).Here,we performed comprehensive environmental contamination surveillance to evaluate the risk of viral transmission in AIIRs with 115 rooms in three buildings at the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center,Shanghai,during the treatment of 334 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2.The results showed that the risk of airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in AIIRs was low(1.62%,25/1544)due to the directional airflow and strong environmental hygiene procedures.However,we detected viral RNA on the surface of foot-operated openers and bathroom sinks in AIIRs(viral load:55.00–3154.50 copies/mL).This might be a source of contamination to connecting corridors and object surfaces through the footwear and gloves used by HCWs.The risk of infection was eliminated by the use of disposable footwear covers and the application of more effective environmental and personal hygiene measures.With the help of effective infection control procedures,none of 290 HCWs was infected when working in the AIIRs at this hospital.This study has provided information pertinent for infection control in AIIRs during the treatment of COVID-19 patients.

Growth and properties of hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon thin films prepared by magnetron sputtering with different substrate temperatures

Hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μcSi:H) thin films were deposited by an radio frequency (RF)(13.56 MHz) magnetron sputtering at different substrate temperatures (100–300℃), and the influences of substrate temperature on the growth and properties ofμc-Si:H thin films were investigated. Surface roughness and crystallinity of the thin films increase as substrate temperature increases. And all thin films are at the transition region(X_(c)=49.2%~61.0%). Theμc-Si:H thin films deposited at lower substrate temperature (≤200℃) represent a weak(220) preferred orientation, while the thin films deposited at higher substrate temperature (≥250℃) exhibit a weak(111) preferred orientation. The μc-Si:H thin films have a dense structure, and the structural compactness of the thin films slightly increases with substrate temperature increasing. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results indicate that theμc-Si:H thin films have a low hydrogen content (3.9 at%–5.6 at%), which is in favor of reducing light-induced degradation effect.

Tribological properties in seawater for Ti/TiCN coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy by arc ion plating with different carbon contents

TiCN coatings incorporated with Ti buffer layer were deposited on Ti6A14V alloy by arc ion plating. The carbon content in TiCN coatings was varied by controlling flow rates of C2H2 in reactive gas. The Ti/TiCN coatings have a typical structure of columnar crystal with a total thickness of about 2 pro. The elements of Ti, C and N are present as TiN and TiC in TiCN coatings. A little free carbon appears with carbon content increasing in TiCN coatings. For the TiCN coatings, the hardness, friction coefficient and wear rate decrease with the increase in carbon content. In seawater, both friction coefficient and wear rate have an obvious decrease at lower carbon content compared with those in atmosphere. However, the friction coefficient and wear rate only have a slight decrease, while the carbon content reaches or exceeds 10 at% in Ti/TiCN coatings.

In Situ Controllable Growth of Cu_2SnS_3 Film as Low-Cost Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

Morphology-controllable Cu2SnS3 thin films on solvothermal process and used in dye-sensitized solar cells as Mo-glass were prepared via a facile in situ one-step counter electrodes. The effects of different solvents on the morphology of films were investigated. DSC based on the porous net-like Cu2SnS3 thin film as counter electrodes showed a power conversion efficiency of 2.30%, which was improved to 3.35% after annealing.

Will auctioning promote the renewable energy generation in China?

Renewable energy generation,as part of the global effort to mitigate climate change,will play a central role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving China's goal of carbon emissions peak before 2030 and carbon neutral before 2060.However,the impact of carbon quota auctions on renewable energy generation has not been sufficiently discussed.The main purpose of this study is to investigate whether China can rely on quota auctions to increase renewable energy generation in the short term,and to demonstrate which is more effective in promoting renewable energy development,policy enforcement or auction constraints?The improved neo-trans-log production model,the multiobjective linear programming model and the dispatch heuristic were used to predict additional emission reduction cost,optimized power mix with different auctioning rates,with economic development,technological progress and the unique characteristics of China's power generation industry being taken into consideration.The results show that the auctioning rate will have little influence on the optimized energy production structure,especially on the share of renewable energy resources;when the total on-grid electricity generation ranges from 7625 to 7926 billion kW h and the auctioning rate ranges from 0% to 5%,policy enforcement will influence the generation of renewable energy to a greater extent than auctioning in the near future.