中医药介导OPG/RANK/RANKL信号通路防治类风湿关节炎的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一种临床常见的以滑膜炎为主的自身免疫性疾病。炎性细胞因子和破骨细胞刺激滑膜组织增生、炎症反应、骨质破坏及关节功能障碍等,在RA的致病因素中占据关键位置。本文对中药单体及其提取物、中药复方及制剂、中药配伍,以及中医治疗通过调控骨保护蛋白(osteoprotegerin,OPG)/NF-κB受体激活因子(receptor activator of NF-κB,RANK)/NF-κB配体激活因子(receptor activator of NF-κB ligand,RANKL)信号通路干预RA的相关研究进行综述。结果表明,中药中的有效分子机制不同,但是可以起到调控信号通路的作用,刺激成骨细胞活性,抑制炎性细胞因子分泌,减少破骨细胞分化,从而防治RA,为中医药多靶点、多途径治疗RA提供理论依据。

基于加权TOPSIS法的氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液药物利用评价

目的建立氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液药物利用评价(DUE)标准,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法以药品说明书为基础,参照相关指南及文献,制定DUE标准细则,采用加权优劣解距离法(TOPSIS)对山西医科大学第一医院2022年2—8月出院病历进行合理性评价。结果171份病历中,用药方案与最优方案接近程度(C_(i))≥0.8(合理)的有66例,占38.60%;C_(i)介于0.6~0.8(基本合理)的73例,占42.69%;C_(i)<0.6(不合理)的32例,占18.71%。不合理用药主要表现在不良反应监护、给药剂量、适应证等方面。结论采用加权TOPSIS法对氨甲环酸氯化钠注射液进行合理性评价,其评价结果更加直观、方便。

跟痛症的中医病因病机和治疗研究进展

跟痛症是以足底后跟部疼痛为主要特点的综合症候群,是骨科临床常见疾病之一。临床治疗相对棘手,且病因繁多复杂。中医学对其病因病机有其独特见解,在治疗方面较西医亦有独特优势。该病以肝肾亏虚、气滞血瘀为主,治疗上以调补肝肾、活血化瘀为基,兼以益气养血、祛风散寒、清热除湿、理气化痰等为辅,通过内治、外治及内外兼治等疗法,可有效缓解疼痛。

超声引导下染色剂标记切缘在早期乳腺癌保乳手术中的应用效果研究

目的探讨超声引导下染色剂标记切缘在早期乳腺癌保乳手术中的应用效果研究。方法选取2016年1月—2018年5月在承德医学院附属医院就诊的临床分期Ⅰ、Ⅱ期乳腺癌患者126例作为研究对象,根据治疗方法不同将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组采用传统手术治疗,观察组在超声引导下应用染色剂标记切缘,借助染色剂浸润性浸润出适当范围,沿着染色组织外切缘切除肿瘤,根据保乳治疗实践指南完整肿瘤切除,并完成3年随访,比较两组术式切缘阳性率,术后生活质量、心理状态、总生存期、无病生存期、术后并发症发生率。结果观察组手术前后精神健康、躯体疾病、生理机能、社会功能及健康状况评分的差值大于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组手术前后SAS、SDS评分的差值大于对照组(P<0.05)。两组术后1年无进展生存率比较,差异无统计意义(P>0.05)。观察组术后3年无进展生存率高于对照组(P<0.05),复发率低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组切缘阴性率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论超声引导下染色剂标记切缘用于早期乳腺癌保乳手术病理中能提高患者生活质量,改善患者心理状态,且与患者总生存率及无进展生存率有关。

通过设备配置优化露天矿剥离计划（英文）

给出了一个临近域搜索算法来同时优化露天矿开采寿命期的剥岩计划和设备配置计划。首先定义一个初始搜索域并在其中搜索到一个好的计划作为当前最佳计划。然后,在当前最佳计划的周围构建逐步变窄的临近搜索域,以搜索更好的计划。优化目标是使矿山寿命期的剥离成本的现值达到最小。对于矿山寿命期的每一年,由该算法求得的计划给出了完整的设备配置方案:所选择的设备型号、每种型号设备的台数、每台设备的役龄,以及剥离的废石量。以一个应用算例展示了该算法的可行性和优点。

Effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development

AIM To study the effects of different diets on intestinal microbiota and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) development at the same caloric intake.METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into five groups(six rats each). The control diet(CON) group and free high-fat diet(FFAT) group were allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet and a highfat diet, respectively. The restrictive high-fat diet(RFAT) group, restrictive high-sugar diet(RSUG) group, and high-protein diet(PRO) group were fed a highfat diet, a high-sugar diet, and a high-protein diet, respectively, in an isocaloric way. All rats were killed at 12 wk. Body weight, visceral fat index(visceral fat/body weight), liver index(liver/body weight), insulin resistance, portal lipopolysaccharide(LPS), serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST), and liver triglycerides were measured. The intestinal microbiota in the different groups of rats was sequenced using high-throughput sequencing technology.RESULTS The FFAT group had higher body weight, visceral fat index, liver index, peripheral insulin resistance, portal LPS, serum ALT, serum AST, and liver triglycerides compared with all other groups(P < 0.05). Taking the same calories, the RFAT and RSUG groups demonstrated increased body weight, visceral fat index, peripheral insulin resistance and liver triglycerides compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). The RFAT group also showed increased portal LPS compared with the PRO group(P < 0.05). Unweighted Uni Frac principal coordinates analysis of the sequencing data revealed that the intestinal microbiota structures of the CON, FFAT, RSUG and PRO groups were roughly separated away from each other. Taxon-based analysis showed that, compared with the CON group, the FFAT group had an increased abundance of Firmicutes, Roseburia and Oscillospira bacteria, a higher ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, and a decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RFAT group showed an increased abundance of Firmicutes and decreased abundance of Parabacteroides bacteria(P < 0.05). The RSUG group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes and Sutterella bacteria, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). The PRO group showed an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Oscillospira and Sutterella bacteria, and a decreased abundance of Firmicutes(P < 0.05). Compared with the FFAT group, the RFAT group had an increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, higher ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes, and decreased abundance of Firmicutes and Oscillospira bacteria(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with the high-protein diet, the NAFLDinducing effects of high-fat and high-sugar diets are independent from calories, and may be associated with changed intestinal microbiota.

用于风电场群规划的风电场尺度尾流模型研究

风电场的尾流最长可延伸至数十公里,上游风电场尾流会对下游风电场发电量产生显著影响。因此,在风电场建设中需要考虑风电场间尾流效应。基于工程尾流模型仿真模拟,研究了风电场在不同湍流强度以及不同排布密度下尾流区风速分布情况。提出了关于阻滞参数与湍流效应参数的双参数风电场尾流半经验数学模型。通过与我国北方某风电基地实测数据对比,结果表明:所提风电场模型模拟结果与实测结果相符合,能够较好地表达风电场尾流平均风速的变化规律,对未来大型风电基地规划有指导意义。

Ulcerative colitis as a polymicrobial infection characterized by sustained broken mucus barrier

To reduce medication for patients with ulcerative colitis(UC),we need to establish the etiology of UC.The intestinal microbiota of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)has been shown to differ from that of healthy controls and abundant data indicate that it changes in both composition and localization.Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is significantly higher in IBD patients compared with controls.Probiotics have been investigated for their capacity to reduce the severity of UC.The luminal surfaces of the gastrointestinal tract are covered by a mucus layer.This normally acts as a barrier that does not allow bacteria to reach the epithelial cells and thus limits the direct contact between the host and the bacteria.The mucus layer in the colon comprises an inner layer that is firmly adherent to the intestinal mucosa,and an outer layer that can be washed off with minimal rinsing.Some bacteria can dissolve the protective inner mucus layer.Defects in renewal and formation of the inner mucus layer allow bacteria to reach the epithelium and have implications for the causes of colitis.In this review,important elements of UC pathology are thought to be the intestinal bacteria,gut mucus,and the mucosa-associated immune system.

Freeze-dried Si-Ni-San powder can ameliorate high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is a common chronic liver disease worldwide.However,to date,there is no ideal therapy for this disease.AIM To study the effects of Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice.METHODS Twenty-four male C57BL/6 mice were randomized into three groups of eight.The control group(CON)was allowed ad libitum access to a normal chow diet.The high fat diet group(FAT)and Si-Ni-San group(SNS)were allowed ad libitum access to a high fat diet.The SNS group was intragastrically administered Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder(5.0 g/kg)once daily,and the CON and FAT groups were intragastrically administered distilled water.After 12 wk,body weight,liver index,visceral fat index,serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),portal lipopoly-saccharide(LPS),liver tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-αand liver triglycerides were measured.Intestinal microbiota were analyzed using a 16S r DNA sequencing technique.RESULTS Compared with the FAT group,the SNS group exhibited decreased body weight,liver index,visceral fat index,serum ALT,portal LPS,liver TNF-αand liver triglycerides(P<0.05).Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that the SNS group had different bacterial composition and function compared with the FAT group.In particular,Oscillospira genus was a bacterial biomarker of SNS group samples.CONCLUSION The beneficial effects of Si-Ni-San freeze-dried powder on high fat diet-induced NAFLD in mice may be associated with its anti-inflammatory and changing intestinal microbiota effects.

Visual function and higher order aberration after implantation of aspheric and spherical multifocal intraocular lenses:a meta-analysis

AIMTo assess the visual outcomes of aspheric multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) compared with spherical multifocal IOL after cataract surgery.

A new fast heat treatment process for cast A356 alloy motorcycle wheel hubs

The normal T6 heat treatment process for cast A356 alloy generally requires about 15 h. This longperiod procedure increases greatly the manufacturing cost and decreases the productivity in practical production. In this study, a new short-time heat treatment process with only 30 min solution time at 540℃ was developed for the production of motorcycle wheel hubs in order to reduce heat treatment time. Comparisons on microstructure evaluation and mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and ductility, were made between this new fast process and the conventional T6 heat treatment. The results revealed that this new heat treatment process enabled the spheroidization of the eutectic silicon thoroughly, while minimizing the growth of eutectic silicon. The A356 alloy after this new short-time heat treatment shows nearly equal mechanical properties compared with the same alloy heat treated in a normal T6 heat treatment. This investigation makes it possible to significantly improve the efficiency of heat treatment on A356 alloy and, at the same time, improve the mechanical properties of the alloy.

Releasing of Cupric Ion of Three types of Copper-bearing Intrauterine Contraceptive Device in Simulated UterineFluid

Objective To compare the cupric ion releasing in vitro o.f the three IUDs. Methods The stability o.f cupric ion releasing o.f IUDs including TCu 380.4 IUD （TCu 380A）, Multiload Cu375 IUD （MCu 375） and Yuangong 365 copper-bearing indomethacin-releasing IUD （Yuangong 365） by the determination of cupric ion releasing in simulated uterine fluid. The simulated uterine fluid was used for releasing media. Copper ion was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Results The cupric ion releasing of three IUDs were instable at the beginning and tend to be stable gradually. In the stable phase, the average level of cupric ion releasing of TCu380A, MCu375 and Yuangong 365 were 4.25±2.71-7.62±6.42 μg, 4.92±1.23 -8.62±3.08 μg and 2.19±0.40-4.68±1.66 μg, respectively. TCu380A had higher instable releasing level than those of Yuangong 365 （P〈0. 05）. Conclusion TCu 380.4 and MCu 375 showed a ＂burst release＂ during the first few days and the.former was of great significance（P〈0.05）. The initial cupric ion releasing of Yuangong 365 appeared to be the lowest, followed by MCu375 and TCu380A in a releasing order

Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics relationships for Salvianolic Acid B micro-porous osmotic pump pellets in angina pectoris rabbit

The work aims to investigate the in vitro release,pharmacokinetics(PK),pharmacodynamics(PD)and PK-PD relationships of Salvianolic Acid B micro-porous osmotic pump pellets(SalB-MPOPs)in angina pectoris New Zealand White(NZW)rabbits,compared with those of SalB immediate-release pellets(SalB-IRPs).The SalB plasma concentrations and Superoxide dismutase levels(PD index)were recorded continuously at predetermined time interval after administration,and the related parameters were calculated by using Win-Nonlin software.The release profile of MPOPs was more sustained than that of IRPs.PK results indicated that the mean C_(max) was significantly lower,the SalB plasma concentrations were steadier,both area under concentration-time curve from 0 to 24 h(AUC_(0-24 h))and from 0 to infinity(AUC_(0-∞))were presented larger,and both the peak concentration time(T_(max))and mean residence time(MRT)were prolonged for MPOPs,as compared with those of IRPs.PD results suggested that peak drug effect(E_(max))was lower and the equilibration rate constant(k_(e0))between the central compartment and the effect compartment was higher of MPOPs vs.those of IRPs.PKePD relationships demonstrated that the effectconcentration-time(ECT)course of MPOPs was clockwise hysteresis loop,and that of IRPs was counter-clockwise hysteresis loop.Collectively,those results demonstrated that MPOPs were potential formulations in treating angina pectoris induced by atherosclerosis.

Egg recognition abilities of tit species in the Paridae family:do Indomalayan tits exhibit higher recognition than Palearctic tits?

DEAR EDITOR,Recent studies have shown that the closely related cinereous tit(Parus cinereus)and green-backed tit(P.monticolus)in China display strong egg recognition ability in contrast to tit species in Europe,which lack such ability.However,egg recognition in other populations of cinereous and greenbacked tits and additional Paridae species still requires further research.

中国、韩国、日本传统医学简介与比较

传统医学在中国、韩国、日本均比较受欢迎。通过查阅政府网站、相关研究报告,总结比较三个国家传统医学在政策、教育方面的异同。结果表明,中韩两国的传统医学体系较为相似,而日本传统医学体系与两者差异较大。在教育方面,中韩两国都是双系统教学体系,传统医学与现代医学共同教学。平均每个传统医学专业学生要接受6年的教育才能有资格行医。针刺、艾灸、拔罐等均是纳入医保的医疗手法。然而,在日本,常规西医占主流地位,只有一些主流传统医学治疗方法才被纳入医保。三个国家传统医学的异同都是基于各国多年文化背景与相关政策的影响,了解其异同有利于相互学习、共同进步。

Thermal analysis of GaN-based laser diode mini-array

Thermal characteristics of multiple laser stripes integrated into one chip is investigated theoretically in this paper. The temperature pattern of the laser diode mini-array packaged in a TO-can is analyzed and optimized to achieve a uniform temperature distribution among the laser stripes and along the cavity direction. The temperature among the laser stripes varies by more than 5 K if the stripes are equally arranged, and can be reduced to less than 0.4 K if proper arrangement is designed. For conventional submount structure, the temperature variation along the cavity direction is as high as 7 K, while for an optimized trapezoid submount structure, the temperature varies only within 0.5 K.

中国入境旅游对货物出口的拉动效应——基于扩展贸易引力模型的实证研究

本文基于扩展的单向贸易引力模型,采用1997—2016年32个国家到达中国的入境旅游人数和中国货物出口的平衡面板数据,分别运用双向固定效应、可行广义最小二法乘和HT工具变量法三种估计方法对中国入境旅游对货物出口的拉动效应进行实证研究。研究发现,中国入境旅游对货物出口具有经济和统计意义上显著的正向拉动效应;在将入境旅游按入境目的分为商务游和休闲游的基础上,还发现商务游和休闲游对中国货物出口都具有显著的促进作用,休闲游的拉动效应甚至大于商务游。本文的实证设计有效地克服了样本可能存在的异方差、自相关和内生性问题,实证结果在更换模型设定、变换样本和计量方法时都保持稳健。

NaV3O8/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) composites as high-rate and long-lifespan cathode materials for reversible sodium storage

Sodium-ion batteries have received a surge of interests for the alternatives to lithium-ion batteries due to their abundant reserves and low cost.The quest of reliable and high-performance cathode materials is crucial to future Na storage technologies.Herein,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)(PEDOT)was successfully introduced to NaV3O8 via in situ oxidation polymerization,which can effectively enhance electron conductivity and ionic diffusion of NaV3O8 material.As a result,these NaV3O8@-PEDOT composites exhibit a significantly improved electrochemical performance including cycle stability and rate performance.In particular,NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite demonstrates better dispersibility and lower charge transfer resistance compared with bare NaV3O8,which delivers the first discharge capacity of 142 mAh-g-1and holds about 128.7 mAh·g-1 after 300 cycles at a current density of 120 mA·g-1.Even at a high current density of 300 mA·g-1,a high reversible capacity of 99.6 mAh·g-1 is revealed.All these consequences suggest that NaV3O8@20 wt%PEDOT composite may be a promising candidate to serve as a high-rate and long-lifespan cathode material for sodium-ion batteries.

The Potential Effects and Use of Chinese Herbal Medicine Pine Pollen(Pinus pollen):A Bibliometric Analysis of Pharmacological and Clinical Studies

The objectives of this study are to conduct a comprehensive literature search and bibliometric analysis to identify the breadth and volume of pharmacological and clinical studies on pine pollen(Pinus pollen)and to identify the potential effects and the use of pine pollen.Three Chinese electronic databases and two English electronic databases were searched for pharmacological and clinical studies on pine pollen.Data were extracted and analyzed and included publication year,authors,study type,pharmacological research topics or clinical diseases/conditions,usage and type of preparation,authors’conclusions,and adverse effects.Of 239 publications identified,180 were pharmacological studies,37 were clinical trials,and 22 were reviews.Numbers of publications increased particularly from 2004 onward.The top 10 most frequent topics in pharmacological studies were immune regulation,antisenility,antioxidation,liver protection,inhibiting prostate hyperplasia,inhibiting tumor cell proliferation,lowering blood glucose,lowering blood lipids,antifatigue,and improving intestinal function.The top 10 most frequent clinical diseases treated or where pine pollen was used as an adjuvant were bedsores,diaper dermatitis,hyperlipidemia,oral mucositis,eczema,hyperplasia of prostate,hypertension,prostatitis,type 2 diabetes mellitus,and radiodermatitis.Eight trials reported no adverse events associated with pine pollen,one reported mild gastrointestinal reactions,but symptoms disappeared without special management.There have been an increasing number of publications on pine pollen during the past 20 years.Pharmacological studies have shown many potential benefits,and clinical studies have indicated some positive effects when it is either used as a single herb or as an adjuvant to treat disease.Its use as a topical agent,especially for skin diseases,was notable.

Quantum dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers covering the ‘green gap’

Semiconductor vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers(VCSELs)with wavelengths from 491.8 to 565.7 nm,covering most of the‘green gap’,are demonstrated.For these lasers,the same quantum dot(QD)active region was used,whereas the wavelength was controlled by adjusting the cavity length,which is difficult for edge-emitting lasers.Compared with reports in the literature for green VCSELs,our lasers have set a few world records for the lowest threshold,longest wavelength and continuous-wave(CW)lasing at room temperature.The nanoscale QDs contribute dominantly to the low threshold.The emitting wavelength depends on the electron–photon interaction or the coupling between the active layer and the optical field,which is modulated by the cavity length.The green VCSELs exhibit a low-thermal resistance of 915 kW^(−1),which benefits the CW lasing.Such VCSELs are important for small-size,low power consumption full-color displays and projectors.