The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have broug...The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have brought opportunities for coal chemical industry.However,with the large-scale popularisation of coal gasification technology,the production and resulting storage of coal gasification slag continue to increase,which not only result in serious environmental pollution and a waste of terrestrial resources,but also seriously affect the sustainable development of coal chemical enterprises.Hence,the treatment of coal gasification slag is extremely important.In this paper,the production,composition,morphology,particle size structure and water holding characteristics of coal gasification slag are introduced,and the methods of carbon ash separation of gasification slag,both domestically and abroad,are summarised.In addition,the paper also summarises the research progress on gasification slag in building materials,ecological restoration,residual carbon utilisation and other high-value utilisation,and ultimately puts forward the idea of the comprehensive utilisation of gasification slag.For large-scale consumption to solve the environmental problems of enterprises and achieve high-value utilisation to increase the economic benefits of enterprises,it is urgent to zealously design a reasonable and comprehensive utilisation technologies with simple operational processes,strong adaptability and economic benefits.展开更多
Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass is a dwarf clonal shrubby legume developed on the windward slopes of mobile or semi-fixed sand dunes of Central Asia. It is assumed that E. songoricum must possess a high degree ...Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass is a dwarf clonal shrubby legume developed on the windward slopes of mobile or semi-fixed sand dunes of Central Asia. It is assumed that E. songoricum must possess a high degree of phenotypic plasticity for such a heterogeneous habitat. The variations of E. songoricum plants growing in two typical microhabitats (the upper slope and the lower slope of semi-mobile dune) were investigated. The morphological characteristics and the biomass allocation patterns were measured and compared at the clonal fragment level. Compared with the clonal fragment on the lower slope of dune, the clonal fragment on the upper slope of the dune (a) declined in total biomass and ramet height, (b) increased the length of rhizomes and the number of roots, (c) increased the degree of asym- metry, and (d) heightened allocation to the belowground biomass. Our results confirmed the hypothesis of high phenotypic adjustment capacity of E. songoricum to habitat moisture availability. Phenotypic plasticity of E. songoricum contributed to reduce the damage risk, led to an environmentally induced specialization in function of resources exploitation, resulted in its persistence in heterogeneous environments and was adaptive in sand dune environment.展开更多
Eremosparton songoricum,a rare and endemic sand dune plant,appears to be experiencing recruitment failure.The structure of five populations from the Gurbantunggut Desert,China,was investigated for recruitment patterns...Eremosparton songoricum,a rare and endemic sand dune plant,appears to be experiencing recruitment failure.The structure of five populations from the Gurbantunggut Desert,China,was investigated for recruitment patterns,and two of them were examined for flowering,pollination and seed germination limits on regeneration.The results showed that total 150 seedlings only occurred on line transects in riverside Dure population,but they all died half a month later;no seedlings occurred in other four hinterland desert populations indicating recruitment was a failure at all populations although flowers were plentiful.Reproductive success depends on pollinators.Nectar is 'reward' for pollinators,with 0.06 μL-0.12 μL and 0.15 μL-0.35 μL per flower in Dure and Kabu populations,respectively,in continuously two secreting days.Spontaneous self pollination is rare with nearly zero fruit production.Geitonogamous self pollination is predominant with 14.47% fruit set.Seed mass in the riverside Dure population was significantly greater than that in other hinterland desert populations.Consequently,the Dure population exhibited a significantly higher germination rate(about 90%) than those in other populations(about 30%).Results suggested that recruitment failure of E.songoricum is not due to flower shortage,pollination limitation,or poor seed germination but environmental pressure and/or human disturbance.展开更多
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphism on fluvastatin pharmacokinetics.In addition,we compared the fluvastatin pharmacokinetics differences between extended-release(ER)8...The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphism on fluvastatin pharmacokinetics.In addition,we compared the fluvastatin pharmacokinetics differences between extended-release(ER)80 mg tablet and immediate-release(IR)40 mg capsule in terms of drug metabolism enzyme and transporter genetic polymorphisms.In this open-label,randomized,two-period,two-treatment,crossover study(n=24),effects of ABCG2,SLCO1B1,ABCB1,CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were analyzed.The administration dosage for IR 40 mg and ER 80 mg were twice and once daily,respectively,for total 7 d.Blood samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were taken on the 1st and 7th d.The lower exposure following ER was observed.For ER tablets,SLCO1B1 T521C genotype correlated with AUC 0-24 of repeat doses(P=0.010).SLCO1B1 T521C genotype had no statistically significant effect on AUC 0-24 of IR capsule of fluvastatin after single or repeated doses.In vitro study demonstrated that when the concentration of fluvastatin was low(<1μmol/l),the uptake of fluvastatin in the HEK293-OATP1B1 with SLCO1B1521TT(K m=0.18μmol/l)was faster than that with SLCO1B1521CC(K m=0.49μmol/l),On the other hand,when concentration reached to higher level(>1μmol/l),transport velocity of fluvastatin by HEK293-OATP1B1 with SLCO1B1521TT(K m=11.4μmol/l)and with SLCO1B1521TCC(K m=15.1μmol/l)tend to be the same.It suggests that the increased effect of SLCO1B1 T521C genotype on ER formulation of fluvastatin was mainly caused by lower blood concentrations.We recommend that formulation should be incorporated into future pharmacogenomics studies.展开更多
The breeding system and its consequence on fruit set of Eremosparton songoricum(Litv.) Vass.,a rare shrubby legume occurring in moving or semi-fixed sand dunes of Central Asian deserts,were examined by manipulative ...The breeding system and its consequence on fruit set of Eremosparton songoricum(Litv.) Vass.,a rare shrubby legume occurring in moving or semi-fixed sand dunes of Central Asian deserts,were examined by manipulative experiments and observational studies in natural populations during the period of 2007-2009.The results showed that E.songoricum exhibits a mixed mating system.It is self-compatible,but depends strictly on pollinators to set fruits.Only two effective pollinators were detected and they triggered the specialized pollination mechanism(a 'brush type' and 'tripping mechanism').Geitonogamy becomes predominant in natural populations,because(74.5±1.3)% of visiting activity happened within or between inflorescences and(24.3±1.4)% occurred between ramets.As a result,inbreeding depression caused by geitonogamous selfing inevitably happened under natural conditions,showing 2.36 times less fruit set than was achieved by hand cross-pollination.The results explained the rarity of the species due to its breeding system,and will assist to develop suitable conservation strategies in severe desert environments.展开更多
Rational design and controllable synthesis of practical electrodes with high sta bility and activity at high current density for a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)are critical for renewable and sustainable energy conv...Rational design and controllable synthesis of practical electrodes with high sta bility and activity at high current density for a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)are critical for renewable and sustainable energy conversion.However,high-performance TiO_(2)-based electrocatalysts for HER are quite limited,and the cat alytic active centers still remain elusive.Herein,a simple strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of TiO_(2)-carbon composite(TiO_(2)/C)with high HER performance and stability.The remarkable HER performance of TiO_(2)/C can be ascribed to the doping of carbon atoms,which leads to stronger hybridization of Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals,thus substantially improving the electrocatalytic efficiency.This study elucidates that the hydrogen evolution activity of oxide electrocatalysts can be largely improved by regulating their electronic structures by doping carbon atoms and also provides an effective strategy for designing heterostructured electro catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability at high current density for HER.展开更多
Hard-Te V BL Lac objects are newly identified populations of active galactic nuclei with the emittedγ-ray photons well above Te V energies.In this paper,we explain the multiwavelength emission of six Hard-Te V BL Lac...Hard-Te V BL Lac objects are newly identified populations of active galactic nuclei with the emittedγ-ray photons well above Te V energies.In this paper,we explain the multiwavelength emission of six Hard-Te V BL Lac objects by using a truncated conical emission region of the jet,where the electron distribution is obtained by numerically solving the evolution equation along the jet self-consistently.For comparison,we also apply the model to Mrk 421and Mrk 501,which are the potential candidates for the hard Te V emissions.We demonstrate that the model can satisfactorily reproduce the spectral energy distributions of eight sources,particularly of six Hard-Te V sources,where no extreme minimum Lorentz factor of the electron population is required.In contrast with Mrk 421 and Mrk 501,six Hard-Te V sources have rather low magnetization in emitting regions and high cutoff energies of the electron distributions.展开更多
With the establishment and development of Xiong’an New Area in China, more foreign industries and visitors will be attracted to come here. Investigations made in our study show that the environmental English public s...With the establishment and development of Xiong’an New Area in China, more foreign industries and visitors will be attracted to come here. Investigations made in our study show that the environmental English public signs are very important. They can offer directions for foreigners who can’t understand Chinese well because they have these three functions: indication, suggestion and prohibition. In order to help Xiong’an New Area play its “eco card”, the translators are supposed to attach great importance to the translation of environmental English public signs.展开更多
Background:Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)has a high mortality rate and is the most common indication for heart transplantation.Our study sought to develop a multiparametric nomogram to assess individualized all-cause mor...Background:Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)has a high mortality rate and is the most common indication for heart transplantation.Our study sought to develop a multiparametric nomogram to assess individualized all-cause mortality or heart transplantation(ACM/HTx)risk in DCM patients.Methods:The present study is a retrospective cohort study.The demographic,clinical,blood test,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMRI)data of DCM patients in the tertiary center(Fuwai Hospital)were collected.The primary endpoint was ACM/HTx.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)Cox regression model was applied for variable selection.Multivariable Cox regression was used to develop a nomogram.The concordance index(C-index),area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.Results:A total of 218 patients were included in the present study.They were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort.The nomogram was established based on eight variables,including mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular end-diastolic volume index,free triiodothyronine,and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide.The AUCs regarding 1-year,3-year,and 5-year ACM/HTx events were 0.859,0.831,and 0.840 in the training cohort and 0.770,0.789,and 0.819 in the validation cohort,respectively.The calibration curve and DCA showed good accuracy and clinical utility of the nomogram.Conclusions:We established and validated a circulating biomarker-and CMRI-based nomogram that could provide a personalized prediction of ACM/HTx for DCM patients,which might help risk stratification and decision-making in clinical practice.展开更多
CO_(2) capture is one of the key technologies for dealing with the global warming and implementing lowcarbon development strategy.The emergence of ionic metal-organic frameworks(I-MOFs)has diversified the field of por...CO_(2) capture is one of the key technologies for dealing with the global warming and implementing lowcarbon development strategy.The emergence of ionic metal-organic frameworks(I-MOFs)has diversified the field of porous materials,which have been extensively applied for gas adsorption and separation.In this work,amino-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid as organic monodentate ligand was used for one step synthesis microporous Cu based I-MOFs.Precise tuning of the adsorption properties was obtained by incorporating aromatic anions,such as phenoxy,benzene carboxyl,and benzene sulfonic acid group into the I-MOFs via a facile ion exchange method.The new I-MOFs showed high thermal stability and high capacity of 5.4 mmol·g^(-1) under atmospheric conditions for selective adsorption of CO_(2).The active sites of microporous Cu-MOF are the ion basic center and unsaturated metal,and electrostatic attraction and hydroxyl bonding between CO_(2) and modified functional sulfonic groups are responsible for the adsorption.This work provides a feasible strategy for the design of I-MOF for functional gas capture.展开更多
Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures inevitably suffer from mechanical injuries in numerous icing scenarios such as hailstorms,sandstorms,impacts of foreign objects,and icing–deicing cycles.Herein,the mecha...Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures inevitably suffer from mechanical injuries in numerous icing scenarios such as hailstorms,sandstorms,impacts of foreign objects,and icing–deicing cycles.Herein,the mechanisms of surface-defect-induced icing are clarified.At the defects,water molecules exhibit stronger adsorption and the heat transfer rate increases,accelerating the condensation of water vapor as well as ice nucleation and propagation.Moreover,the ice–defect interlocking structure increases the ice adhesion strength.Thus,a self-healing(at−20℃)antifreeze-protein(AFP)-inspired anti-icing coating is developed.The coating is based on a design that mimics the ice-binding and non-ice-binding sites in AFPs.It enables the coating to markedly inhibit ice nucleation(nucleation temperature<−29.4℃),prevent ice propagation(propagation rate<0.00048 cm^(2)/s),and reduce ice adhesion on the surface(adhesion strength<38.9 kPa).More importantly,the coating can also autonomously self-heal at−20℃,as a result of multiple dynamic bonds in its structure,to inhibit defect-induced icing processes.The healed coating sustains high anti-icing and deicing performance even under various extreme conditions.This work reveals the in-depth mechanism of defect-induced ice formation as well as adhesion,and proposes a self-healing anti-icing coating for outdoor infrastructures.展开更多
All-inorganic CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)are emerging as promising candidate materials for optoelectronic devices due to their splendid optical and electrical properties.However,the intrinsic inst...All-inorganic CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)are emerging as promising candidate materials for optoelectronic devices due to their splendid optical and electrical properties.However,the intrinsic instability greatly limits their practical application.Herein,a feasible strategy is proposed for fabricating highly stable and luminescent CsPbBr_(3)@PVDF-HFP/PS nanofibers by combining one-step electrospinning method with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysi-lane(PFDTMS)-assisted post-treatment.The bright-emitting CsPbBr_(3) NCs can be effectively encapsulated within polymer nanofibers,which exhibit ultrafine diameter of only 88.1±2.8 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 87.9%via rationally optimizing the electrospinning parameters,concentration of perovskite precursors and ligands.Most importantly,the superhydrophobic surface structures of nanofibers are formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of PFDTMS under moist environment.Benefiting from the double effective protection of polymer matrices and hydrophobic PFDTMS oligomers against moisture erosion,the CsPbBr_(3)@PVDF-HFP/PS nanofibers present an obviously improved stability,which can retain 90%initial PL intensity after water immersion for 70 days.Furthermore,an efficient white light-emitting diode with wide color gamut covering 117%of National Television System Committee(NTSC)standard is successfully fabricated based on the composite nanofiber membranes,suggesting their promising prospect for solid-state lighting and display applications.展开更多
Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of ...Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel “Xuelong” from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)), and particle size less than 10 μm(PM_(10)) concentrations in different rooms of the ship widely varied. We observed high particulate matter(PM) levels in some of the rooms. The mass concentration distribution was dominated by 1–4 μm particles, which may have been caused by the hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The dominant factors influencing PM concentrations were indoor temperature, relative humidity, and human activity. We quantified contributions of these factors to the levels of indoor particles using a generalized additive model. In clean rooms, the levels of indoor particles were controlled by temperature and relative humidity, whereas in polluted rooms, the levels of indoor particles were mainly influenced by temperature and human activity, which implied that controlling temperature and human activity would efficiently reduce the levels of indoor particles.展开更多
In clinic,the combination of intravenous pembrolizumab(PD-1 monoclonal antibody)with oral Lenvatinib(LEN)exhibited an enhanced synergistic benefit for cancer therapy.However,the clinical outcomes were always limited b...In clinic,the combination of intravenous pembrolizumab(PD-1 monoclonal antibody)with oral Lenvatinib(LEN)exhibited an enhanced synergistic benefit for cancer therapy.However,the clinical outcomes were always limited by the problems of inconsistent pharmacokinetic profiles of two drugs,lower drug accumulation in tumor and obvious side effects during the combination therapy.Here,in situ-forming thermosensitive hydrogels based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers were prepared for local administration of anti-PD1 and LEN(P&L@Gel)to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety.After peritumoral or surgical resection site injection,the significant increased concentrations of both drugs in tumor were observed with the local sustained release of P&L@Gel.In comparison with the group of intraperitoneal anti-PD1 plus oral LEN(P-ip&L-po),significantly higher tumor inhibition efficiency on CT26 tumor models could be obtained in P&L@Gel group,even at the dose of one-eighth of the former,same tumorinhibition effects could be achieved.The enhanced antitumor efficacy of P&L@Gel group was probably associated with the 2.2 folds of increased level of CD8+T cells and the polarization of tumor associated macrophage from M2 to M1 along with the increased drug accumulation.Moreover,compared with the obvious side effects of P-ip&L-po group,no significant changes of PLT,ALT and UA in blood,as well as IL-1αand IL-1βin mice paws were observed between P&L@Gel group and untreated group.These results suggested that local administration of anti-PD1 and LEN with thermosensitive hydrogel could offer a potential strategy for tumors or tumor postoperative adjuvant treatment.展开更多
Drug delivery systems(DDS)are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues,organs,cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers.Its usual purpose...Drug delivery systems(DDS)are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues,organs,cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers.Its usual purpose to improve the pharmacological activities of therapeutic drugs and to overcome problems such as limited solubility,drug aggregation,low bioavailability,poor biodistribution,lack of selectivity,or to reduce the side effects of therapeutic drugs.During 2015-2018,significant progress in the research on drug delivery systems has been achieved along with advances in related fields,such as pharmaceutical sciences,material sciences and biomedical sciences.This review provides a conciseoverview of current progress in this research area through its focus on the delivery strategies,construction techniques and specific examples.It is a valuable reference for pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the design of drug delivery systems.展开更多
Thermal barrier coating(TBC)materials perform an increasingly important role in the thermal or chemical protection of hot components in a gas turbine.In this study,a novel high entropy hafnate(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)E...Thermal barrier coating(TBC)materials perform an increasingly important role in the thermal or chemical protection of hot components in a gas turbine.In this study,a novel high entropy hafnate(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) was synthesized by solution combustion method and investigated as a potential TBC layer.The as-synthesized(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) possesses a pure single disordered fluorite phase with a highly homogeneous distribution of rare earth(RE)cations,exhibiting prominent phase stability and excellent chemical compatibility with Al_(2)O_(3) even at 1300°C.Moreover,(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) demonstrates a more sluggish grain growth rate than Y_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7).The thermal conductivity of(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7)(0.73-0.93 W m^(-1)K^(-1))is smaller than those of components RE_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) and many high entropy TBC materials.Beside,the calculated thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)of(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7)(10.68×10^(-6)/K,1100°C)is smaller than that of yttriastabilized zirconia(YSZ).Based on the results of this work,(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) is suitable for the next generation TBC materials with outstanding properties.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFC1904302)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilisation of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2021-K81)the Technology of Coal-to-liquids Research Institute of National Energy Group([2020]010)。
文摘The characteristics of the energy structure of rich coal,less oil and less gas,coupling with a high external dependence on oil and natural gas and the emphasis on the efficient and clean utilisation of coal,have brought opportunities for coal chemical industry.However,with the large-scale popularisation of coal gasification technology,the production and resulting storage of coal gasification slag continue to increase,which not only result in serious environmental pollution and a waste of terrestrial resources,but also seriously affect the sustainable development of coal chemical enterprises.Hence,the treatment of coal gasification slag is extremely important.In this paper,the production,composition,morphology,particle size structure and water holding characteristics of coal gasification slag are introduced,and the methods of carbon ash separation of gasification slag,both domestically and abroad,are summarised.In addition,the paper also summarises the research progress on gasification slag in building materials,ecological restoration,residual carbon utilisation and other high-value utilisation,and ultimately puts forward the idea of the comprehensive utilisation of gasification slag.For large-scale consumption to solve the environmental problems of enterprises and achieve high-value utilisation to increase the economic benefits of enterprises,it is urgent to zealously design a reasonable and comprehensive utilisation technologies with simple operational processes,strong adaptability and economic benefits.
基金supported by the Key Knowledge Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-Z- 1020)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB825104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970547)
文摘Eremosparton songoricum (Litv.) Vass is a dwarf clonal shrubby legume developed on the windward slopes of mobile or semi-fixed sand dunes of Central Asia. It is assumed that E. songoricum must possess a high degree of phenotypic plasticity for such a heterogeneous habitat. The variations of E. songoricum plants growing in two typical microhabitats (the upper slope and the lower slope of semi-mobile dune) were investigated. The morphological characteristics and the biomass allocation patterns were measured and compared at the clonal fragment level. Compared with the clonal fragment on the lower slope of dune, the clonal fragment on the upper slope of the dune (a) declined in total biomass and ramet height, (b) increased the length of rhizomes and the number of roots, (c) increased the degree of asym- metry, and (d) heightened allocation to the belowground biomass. Our results confirmed the hypothesis of high phenotypic adjustment capacity of E. songoricum to habitat moisture availability. Phenotypic plasticity of E. songoricum contributed to reduce the damage risk, led to an environmentally induced specialization in function of resources exploitation, resulted in its persistence in heterogeneous environments and was adaptive in sand dune environment.
基金provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31070472,30970547)the Key Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-YW-Z-1020)
文摘Eremosparton songoricum,a rare and endemic sand dune plant,appears to be experiencing recruitment failure.The structure of five populations from the Gurbantunggut Desert,China,was investigated for recruitment patterns,and two of them were examined for flowering,pollination and seed germination limits on regeneration.The results showed that total 150 seedlings only occurred on line transects in riverside Dure population,but they all died half a month later;no seedlings occurred in other four hinterland desert populations indicating recruitment was a failure at all populations although flowers were plentiful.Reproductive success depends on pollinators.Nectar is 'reward' for pollinators,with 0.06 μL-0.12 μL and 0.15 μL-0.35 μL per flower in Dure and Kabu populations,respectively,in continuously two secreting days.Spontaneous self pollination is rare with nearly zero fruit production.Geitonogamous self pollination is predominant with 14.47% fruit set.Seed mass in the riverside Dure population was significantly greater than that in other hinterland desert populations.Consequently,the Dure population exhibited a significantly higher germination rate(about 90%) than those in other populations(about 30%).Results suggested that recruitment failure of E.songoricum is not due to flower shortage,pollination limitation,or poor seed germination but environmental pressure and/or human disturbance.
基金This study was supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2016YFC0904900)National Natural Science Foundation(No.81673509 and No.81573504)of China+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(No.7171012)National Science and Technology Major Projects for“Major New Drugs Innovation and Development”of China(No.2017ZX09304028 and No.2017ZX09101001).
文摘The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphism on fluvastatin pharmacokinetics.In addition,we compared the fluvastatin pharmacokinetics differences between extended-release(ER)80 mg tablet and immediate-release(IR)40 mg capsule in terms of drug metabolism enzyme and transporter genetic polymorphisms.In this open-label,randomized,two-period,two-treatment,crossover study(n=24),effects of ABCG2,SLCO1B1,ABCB1,CYP2C9 and CYP3A5 polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of fluvastatin were analyzed.The administration dosage for IR 40 mg and ER 80 mg were twice and once daily,respectively,for total 7 d.Blood samples for pharmacokinetic evaluation were taken on the 1st and 7th d.The lower exposure following ER was observed.For ER tablets,SLCO1B1 T521C genotype correlated with AUC 0-24 of repeat doses(P=0.010).SLCO1B1 T521C genotype had no statistically significant effect on AUC 0-24 of IR capsule of fluvastatin after single or repeated doses.In vitro study demonstrated that when the concentration of fluvastatin was low(<1μmol/l),the uptake of fluvastatin in the HEK293-OATP1B1 with SLCO1B1521TT(K m=0.18μmol/l)was faster than that with SLCO1B1521CC(K m=0.49μmol/l),On the other hand,when concentration reached to higher level(>1μmol/l),transport velocity of fluvastatin by HEK293-OATP1B1 with SLCO1B1521TT(K m=11.4μmol/l)and with SLCO1B1521TCC(K m=15.1μmol/l)tend to be the same.It suggests that the increased effect of SLCO1B1 T521C genotype on ER formulation of fluvastatin was mainly caused by lower blood concentrations.We recommend that formulation should be incorporated into future pharmacogenomics studies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30970547,31070472)the National Basic Research Program of China (2009CB825104)
文摘The breeding system and its consequence on fruit set of Eremosparton songoricum(Litv.) Vass.,a rare shrubby legume occurring in moving or semi-fixed sand dunes of Central Asian deserts,were examined by manipulative experiments and observational studies in natural populations during the period of 2007-2009.The results showed that E.songoricum exhibits a mixed mating system.It is self-compatible,but depends strictly on pollinators to set fruits.Only two effective pollinators were detected and they triggered the specialized pollination mechanism(a 'brush type' and 'tripping mechanism').Geitonogamy becomes predominant in natural populations,because(74.5±1.3)% of visiting activity happened within or between inflorescences and(24.3±1.4)% occurred between ramets.As a result,inbreeding depression caused by geitonogamous selfing inevitably happened under natural conditions,showing 2.36 times less fruit set than was achieved by hand cross-pollination.The results explained the rarity of the species due to its breeding system,and will assist to develop suitable conservation strategies in severe desert environments.
基金supported bythe Natural Scientific Foundation of China(Grants 21878001,22078002,21776001,21875001,21978002,21808002,22008001,and U1710114).
文摘Rational design and controllable synthesis of practical electrodes with high sta bility and activity at high current density for a hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)are critical for renewable and sustainable energy conversion.However,high-performance TiO_(2)-based electrocatalysts for HER are quite limited,and the cat alytic active centers still remain elusive.Herein,a simple strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of TiO_(2)-carbon composite(TiO_(2)/C)with high HER performance and stability.The remarkable HER performance of TiO_(2)/C can be ascribed to the doping of carbon atoms,which leads to stronger hybridization of Ti 3d and O 2p orbitals,thus substantially improving the electrocatalytic efficiency.This study elucidates that the hydrogen evolution activity of oxide electrocatalysts can be largely improved by regulating their electronic structures by doping carbon atoms and also provides an effective strategy for designing heterostructured electro catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability at high current density for HER.
基金the financial supports from the growth project of young scientific and technological talents in colleges and universities in Guizhou Province(Qianjiaohe-KY-Zi[2020]221)Scientific Research Foundation for Doctoral Program of Xingyi Normal University for Nationalities(20XYBS16)。
文摘Hard-Te V BL Lac objects are newly identified populations of active galactic nuclei with the emittedγ-ray photons well above Te V energies.In this paper,we explain the multiwavelength emission of six Hard-Te V BL Lac objects by using a truncated conical emission region of the jet,where the electron distribution is obtained by numerically solving the evolution equation along the jet self-consistently.For comparison,we also apply the model to Mrk 421and Mrk 501,which are the potential candidates for the hard Te V emissions.We demonstrate that the model can satisfactorily reproduce the spectral energy distributions of eight sources,particularly of six Hard-Te V sources,where no extreme minimum Lorentz factor of the electron population is required.In contrast with Mrk 421 and Mrk 501,six Hard-Te V sources have rather low magnetization in emitting regions and high cutoff energies of the electron distributions.
文摘With the establishment and development of Xiong’an New Area in China, more foreign industries and visitors will be attracted to come here. Investigations made in our study show that the environmental English public signs are very important. They can offer directions for foreigners who can’t understand Chinese well because they have these three functions: indication, suggestion and prohibition. In order to help Xiong’an New Area play its “eco card”, the translators are supposed to attach great importance to the translation of environmental English public signs.
基金supported by the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(B2023012)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFC2004705)+3 种基金the Research Unit of Medical Science Research Management/Basic and Clinical Research of Metabolic Cardiovascular Diseases from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(Grant No.2021RU003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81825003,91957123,81800327,81900272)Beijing Nova Program(Grant No.Z201100006820002)from the Beijing Municipal Science&Technology Commissionand the Science and Technology Project of Xicheng District Finance(Grant No.XCSTS-SD2021-01).
文摘Background:Dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM)has a high mortality rate and is the most common indication for heart transplantation.Our study sought to develop a multiparametric nomogram to assess individualized all-cause mortality or heart transplantation(ACM/HTx)risk in DCM patients.Methods:The present study is a retrospective cohort study.The demographic,clinical,blood test,and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging(CMRI)data of DCM patients in the tertiary center(Fuwai Hospital)were collected.The primary endpoint was ACM/HTx.The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)Cox regression model was applied for variable selection.Multivariable Cox regression was used to develop a nomogram.The concordance index(C-index),area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),calibration curve,and decision curve analysis(DCA)were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.Results:A total of 218 patients were included in the present study.They were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort.The nomogram was established based on eight variables,including mid-wall late gadolinium enhancement,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,left ventricular ejection fraction,left ventricular end-diastolic diameter,left ventricular end-diastolic volume index,free triiodothyronine,and N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide.The AUCs regarding 1-year,3-year,and 5-year ACM/HTx events were 0.859,0.831,and 0.840 in the training cohort and 0.770,0.789,and 0.819 in the validation cohort,respectively.The calibration curve and DCA showed good accuracy and clinical utility of the nomogram.Conclusions:We established and validated a circulating biomarker-and CMRI-based nomogram that could provide a personalized prediction of ACM/HTx for DCM patients,which might help risk stratification and decision-making in clinical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22272125)Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basic Research(Grant No.2022020801010354)+1 种基金Shanxi-Zheda Institute of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering(Grant No.2022SX-TD015)Joint Fund of the Yulin University and the Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy(Grant No.YLU-DNL Fund 2021021)。
文摘CO_(2) capture is one of the key technologies for dealing with the global warming and implementing lowcarbon development strategy.The emergence of ionic metal-organic frameworks(I-MOFs)has diversified the field of porous materials,which have been extensively applied for gas adsorption and separation.In this work,amino-functionalized imidazolium ionic liquid as organic monodentate ligand was used for one step synthesis microporous Cu based I-MOFs.Precise tuning of the adsorption properties was obtained by incorporating aromatic anions,such as phenoxy,benzene carboxyl,and benzene sulfonic acid group into the I-MOFs via a facile ion exchange method.The new I-MOFs showed high thermal stability and high capacity of 5.4 mmol·g^(-1) under atmospheric conditions for selective adsorption of CO_(2).The active sites of microporous Cu-MOF are the ion basic center and unsaturated metal,and electrostatic attraction and hydroxyl bonding between CO_(2) and modified functional sulfonic groups are responsible for the adsorption.This work provides a feasible strategy for the design of I-MOF for functional gas capture.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2104800 and 2021YFC2100800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078238,21908160,and 21961132005).
文摘Anti-icing coatings on outdoor infrastructures inevitably suffer from mechanical injuries in numerous icing scenarios such as hailstorms,sandstorms,impacts of foreign objects,and icing–deicing cycles.Herein,the mechanisms of surface-defect-induced icing are clarified.At the defects,water molecules exhibit stronger adsorption and the heat transfer rate increases,accelerating the condensation of water vapor as well as ice nucleation and propagation.Moreover,the ice–defect interlocking structure increases the ice adhesion strength.Thus,a self-healing(at−20℃)antifreeze-protein(AFP)-inspired anti-icing coating is developed.The coating is based on a design that mimics the ice-binding and non-ice-binding sites in AFPs.It enables the coating to markedly inhibit ice nucleation(nucleation temperature<−29.4℃),prevent ice propagation(propagation rate<0.00048 cm^(2)/s),and reduce ice adhesion on the surface(adhesion strength<38.9 kPa).More importantly,the coating can also autonomously self-heal at−20℃,as a result of multiple dynamic bonds in its structure,to inhibit defect-induced icing processes.The healed coating sustains high anti-icing and deicing performance even under various extreme conditions.This work reveals the in-depth mechanism of defect-induced ice formation as well as adhesion,and proposes a self-healing anti-icing coating for outdoor infrastructures.
基金supported from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3500504)the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2017-01-07-00-03-E00025)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52073058,52103359)Shanghai Sailing Program(Nos.20YF1400400,21YF1400600)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020G-07).
文摘All-inorganic CsPbX_(3)(X=Cl,Br,I)perovskite nanocrystals(NCs)are emerging as promising candidate materials for optoelectronic devices due to their splendid optical and electrical properties.However,the intrinsic instability greatly limits their practical application.Herein,a feasible strategy is proposed for fabricating highly stable and luminescent CsPbBr_(3)@PVDF-HFP/PS nanofibers by combining one-step electrospinning method with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrimethoxysi-lane(PFDTMS)-assisted post-treatment.The bright-emitting CsPbBr_(3) NCs can be effectively encapsulated within polymer nanofibers,which exhibit ultrafine diameter of only 88.1±2.8 nm and high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)of 87.9%via rationally optimizing the electrospinning parameters,concentration of perovskite precursors and ligands.Most importantly,the superhydrophobic surface structures of nanofibers are formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of PFDTMS under moist environment.Benefiting from the double effective protection of polymer matrices and hydrophobic PFDTMS oligomers against moisture erosion,the CsPbBr_(3)@PVDF-HFP/PS nanofibers present an obviously improved stability,which can retain 90%initial PL intensity after water immersion for 70 days.Furthermore,an efficient white light-emitting diode with wide color gamut covering 117%of National Television System Committee(NTSC)standard is successfully fabricated based on the composite nanofiber membranes,suggesting their promising prospect for solid-state lighting and display applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41941014, 41676173)the Ministry of Natural Resources of the People’s Republic of China (No. IRASCC_(2)020-2022-No.01-01-02E)supported by China Arctic and Antarctic Administration。
文摘Despite millions of seafarers and passengers staying on ships each year, few studies have been conducted on the indoor air quality inside ship hulls. In this study, we investigated the levels and size distribution of indoor particulate matter during two cruises of the research vessel “Xuelong” from Shanghai to Antarctica. The results showed that the particle size less than 2.5 μm(PM_(2.5)), and particle size less than 10 μm(PM_(10)) concentrations in different rooms of the ship widely varied. We observed high particulate matter(PM) levels in some of the rooms. The mass concentration distribution was dominated by 1–4 μm particles, which may have been caused by the hygroscopic growth of fine particles. The dominant factors influencing PM concentrations were indoor temperature, relative humidity, and human activity. We quantified contributions of these factors to the levels of indoor particles using a generalized additive model. In clean rooms, the levels of indoor particles were controlled by temperature and relative humidity, whereas in polluted rooms, the levels of indoor particles were mainly influenced by temperature and human activity, which implied that controlling temperature and human activity would efficiently reduce the levels of indoor particles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81690264 and 81973259)the Open Project from Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research,Ministry of Education/Beijing.
文摘In clinic,the combination of intravenous pembrolizumab(PD-1 monoclonal antibody)with oral Lenvatinib(LEN)exhibited an enhanced synergistic benefit for cancer therapy.However,the clinical outcomes were always limited by the problems of inconsistent pharmacokinetic profiles of two drugs,lower drug accumulation in tumor and obvious side effects during the combination therapy.Here,in situ-forming thermosensitive hydrogels based on PLGA-PEG-PLGA triblock copolymers were prepared for local administration of anti-PD1 and LEN(P&L@Gel)to improve therapeutic efficacy and safety.After peritumoral or surgical resection site injection,the significant increased concentrations of both drugs in tumor were observed with the local sustained release of P&L@Gel.In comparison with the group of intraperitoneal anti-PD1 plus oral LEN(P-ip&L-po),significantly higher tumor inhibition efficiency on CT26 tumor models could be obtained in P&L@Gel group,even at the dose of one-eighth of the former,same tumorinhibition effects could be achieved.The enhanced antitumor efficacy of P&L@Gel group was probably associated with the 2.2 folds of increased level of CD8+T cells and the polarization of tumor associated macrophage from M2 to M1 along with the increased drug accumulation.Moreover,compared with the obvious side effects of P-ip&L-po group,no significant changes of PLT,ALT and UA in blood,as well as IL-1αand IL-1βin mice paws were observed between P&L@Gel group and untreated group.These results suggested that local administration of anti-PD1 and LEN with thermosensitive hydrogel could offer a potential strategy for tumors or tumor postoperative adjuvant treatment.
基金supported by the projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81773650,81690264 and 81673376)the Drug Innovation Major Project of China(Grant No.2018ZX09721003-004).
文摘Drug delivery systems(DDS)are defined as methods by which drugs are delivered to desired tissues,organs,cells and subcellular organs for drug release and absorption through a variety of drug carriers.Its usual purpose to improve the pharmacological activities of therapeutic drugs and to overcome problems such as limited solubility,drug aggregation,low bioavailability,poor biodistribution,lack of selectivity,or to reduce the side effects of therapeutic drugs.During 2015-2018,significant progress in the research on drug delivery systems has been achieved along with advances in related fields,such as pharmaceutical sciences,material sciences and biomedical sciences.This review provides a conciseoverview of current progress in this research area through its focus on the delivery strategies,construction techniques and specific examples.It is a valuable reference for pharmaceutical scientists who want to learn more about the design of drug delivery systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51872234, 51502242, 51432008, 51802244, and 51821091)the Key R&D Program of Shaanxi Provence (No. 2019ZDLGY04-02)。
文摘Thermal barrier coating(TBC)materials perform an increasingly important role in the thermal or chemical protection of hot components in a gas turbine.In this study,a novel high entropy hafnate(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) was synthesized by solution combustion method and investigated as a potential TBC layer.The as-synthesized(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) possesses a pure single disordered fluorite phase with a highly homogeneous distribution of rare earth(RE)cations,exhibiting prominent phase stability and excellent chemical compatibility with Al_(2)O_(3) even at 1300°C.Moreover,(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) demonstrates a more sluggish grain growth rate than Y_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7).The thermal conductivity of(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7)(0.73-0.93 W m^(-1)K^(-1))is smaller than those of components RE_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) and many high entropy TBC materials.Beside,the calculated thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)of(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7)(10.68×10^(-6)/K,1100°C)is smaller than that of yttriastabilized zirconia(YSZ).Based on the results of this work,(Y_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Dy_(0.2)Er_(0.2)Yb_(0.2))_(2)Hf_(2)O_(7) is suitable for the next generation TBC materials with outstanding properties.