Property disputes are frequent occurrences in rapidly urbanizing regions.Among the legal issues concerning building property rights,solar rights disputes are prevalent because text clauses on solar rights rely on dive...Property disputes are frequent occurrences in rapidly urbanizing regions.Among the legal issues concerning building property rights,solar rights disputes are prevalent because text clauses on solar rights rely on diverse measurements or calculations.Moreover,previous studies on measuring solar rights addressed only the sunlight duration and neglected the daylight factor(daylighting coefficient),which is an integral component of solar rights.Therefore,this study proposes a 3D spatiotemporal model for effectively measuring solar rights by taking both the sunlight duration and the daylight factor into consideration.This model would be technologically valuable in avoiding or settling legal disputes.Taking the specifications of the solar rights of building property in China as a case study,the proposed spatiotemporal model clarifies the complete solar rights of residential units and is implemented by integrating a geometric model from CityGML with a property model,namely,the Land Administration Domain Model(LADM).Three real typical cases are adopted to show the applicability and benefit of the 3D spatiotemporal model in resolving legal property disputes.展开更多
The number and health burden of Parkinson’s disease increase rapidly in China.It is estimated that China will have nearly half of the Parkinson’s disease population in the world in 2030.In this review,we present an ...The number and health burden of Parkinson’s disease increase rapidly in China.It is estimated that China will have nearly half of the Parkinson’s disease population in the world in 2030.In this review,we present an overview of epidemiology and health economics status of Parkinson’s disease across China and discuss the risk factors of Parkinson’s disease and related complications.From the view of clinical research,we also discuss the current status of clinical trials,diagnostic biomarkers,treatment of Parkinson’s disease,tertiary network and post-occupation education in Chinese Parkinson’s disease clinics.展开更多
Six new coordination polymers constructed from two structurally related ligands, 2,2′-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole) ether (L1) and 2,2′-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazole)ether (L2), have been synthesized. They...Six new coordination polymers constructed from two structurally related ligands, 2,2′-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole) ether (L1) and 2,2′-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazole)ether (L2), have been synthesized. They are [Cu(L1)(bz)<sub>2</sub>] (1), [Cu(L2)(bz)<sub>2</sub>] (2), [Zn<sub>2</sub>(L1)(m-bdc)<sub>2</sub>] (3), [Cd<sub>2</sub>(L2)(m-bdc)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (4), [Zn(L1)(OH-bdc)-(H<sub>2</sub>O)] (5) and [Zn<sub>2</sub>(L<sub>2</sub>)(btca)] (6), where Hbz = benzoic acid, m-H<sub>2</sub>bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, OH-H<sub>2</sub>bdc = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and H<sub>4</sub>btca = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid. In 1 and 2, the bidentate N-donor ligands (L1 and L2) bridge neighboring metal centers to form 1D single chains. The bz anions are attached on both sides of the chains. In 3 and 4, the N-donor ligands (L1 and L2) in cis conformations bridge two metal centers to generate a [M<sub>2</sub>(L1)]<sup>4+</sup> unit (M = Zn(II) and Cd(II)). The adjacent [M<sub>2</sub>(L1)]<sup>4+</sup> units are further linked via the dicarboxylate anions to form 1D double chain structures. In 5, the Zn(II) cations are bridged by OH-m-bdc anions to form an infinite polymeric chain. The L1 ligands are attached on one side of the chain in a monodentate mode. In 6, two Zn(II) cations are bridged by two L2 ligands to form a [ZnL2]<sub>2</sub> <sup>4+</sup> ring, which is further linked by btca anions to generate a 2D layer. The luminescent properties of the ligands and 3–6 in the solid state at room temperature were also studied.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871298).
文摘Property disputes are frequent occurrences in rapidly urbanizing regions.Among the legal issues concerning building property rights,solar rights disputes are prevalent because text clauses on solar rights rely on diverse measurements or calculations.Moreover,previous studies on measuring solar rights addressed only the sunlight duration and neglected the daylight factor(daylighting coefficient),which is an integral component of solar rights.Therefore,this study proposes a 3D spatiotemporal model for effectively measuring solar rights by taking both the sunlight duration and the daylight factor into consideration.This model would be technologically valuable in avoiding or settling legal disputes.Taking the specifications of the solar rights of building property in China as a case study,the proposed spatiotemporal model clarifies the complete solar rights of residential units and is implemented by integrating a geometric model from CityGML with a property model,namely,the Land Administration Domain Model(LADM).Three real typical cases are adopted to show the applicability and benefit of the 3D spatiotemporal model in resolving legal property disputes.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81430022,91332107,81371407].
文摘The number and health burden of Parkinson’s disease increase rapidly in China.It is estimated that China will have nearly half of the Parkinson’s disease population in the world in 2030.In this review,we present an overview of epidemiology and health economics status of Parkinson’s disease across China and discuss the risk factors of Parkinson’s disease and related complications.From the view of clinical research,we also discuss the current status of clinical trials,diagnostic biomarkers,treatment of Parkinson’s disease,tertiary network and post-occupation education in Chinese Parkinson’s disease clinics.
基金Supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese University (Grant No NCET-05-0320)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Teams in Chinese University+3 种基金the Analysis and Testing Foundation of Northeast Normal Universitythe China Postdoctoral Science Foundationthe Post-doctoral Foundation of Northeast Normal Universitythe Training Fund of NENU’S Scientific Innovation Project
文摘Six new coordination polymers constructed from two structurally related ligands, 2,2′-bis(2-methylbenzimidazole) ether (L1) and 2,2′-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazole)ether (L2), have been synthesized. They are [Cu(L1)(bz)<sub>2</sub>] (1), [Cu(L2)(bz)<sub>2</sub>] (2), [Zn<sub>2</sub>(L1)(m-bdc)<sub>2</sub>] (3), [Cd<sub>2</sub>(L2)(m-bdc)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)]<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (4), [Zn(L1)(OH-bdc)-(H<sub>2</sub>O)] (5) and [Zn<sub>2</sub>(L<sub>2</sub>)(btca)] (6), where Hbz = benzoic acid, m-H<sub>2</sub>bdc = 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, OH-H<sub>2</sub>bdc = 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid, and H<sub>4</sub>btca = 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid. In 1 and 2, the bidentate N-donor ligands (L1 and L2) bridge neighboring metal centers to form 1D single chains. The bz anions are attached on both sides of the chains. In 3 and 4, the N-donor ligands (L1 and L2) in cis conformations bridge two metal centers to generate a [M<sub>2</sub>(L1)]<sup>4+</sup> unit (M = Zn(II) and Cd(II)). The adjacent [M<sub>2</sub>(L1)]<sup>4+</sup> units are further linked via the dicarboxylate anions to form 1D double chain structures. In 5, the Zn(II) cations are bridged by OH-m-bdc anions to form an infinite polymeric chain. The L1 ligands are attached on one side of the chain in a monodentate mode. In 6, two Zn(II) cations are bridged by two L2 ligands to form a [ZnL2]<sub>2</sub> <sup>4+</sup> ring, which is further linked by btca anions to generate a 2D layer. The luminescent properties of the ligands and 3–6 in the solid state at room temperature were also studied.
