Development of a toroidal soft x-ray imaging system and application for investigating three-dimensional plasma on J-TEXT

A toroidal soft x-ray imaging(T-SXRI)system has been developed to investigate threedimensional(3D)plasma physics on J-TEXT.This T-SXRI system consists of three sets of SXR arrays.Two sets are newly developed and located on the vacuum chamber wall at toroidal positionsφof 126.4°and 272.6°,respectively,while one set was established previously atφ=65.50.Each set of SXR arrays consists of three arrays viewing the plasma poloidally,and hence can be used separately to obtain SXR images via the tomographic method.The sawtooth precursor oscillations are measured by T-SXRI,and the corresponding images of perturbative SXR signals are successfully reconstructed at these three toroidal positions,hence providing measurement of the 3D structure of precursor oscillations.The observed 3D structure is consistent with the helical structure of the m/n=1/1 mode.The experimental observation confirms that the T-SXRI system is able to observe 3D structures in the J-TEXT plasma.

The Effect of Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation on Functional Capacity,Behavior,and Risk Factors in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome in China

Aim:To investigate the effect of home-based cardiac rehabilitation on functional capacity,health behavior,and risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome in China.Methods:Eighty patients with acute coronary syndrome were enrolled in this prospective randomized controlled study.Patients in the cardiac rehabilitation group(n=52)received home-based cardiac rehabilitation with a heart manual and a home exercise video for 3 months and patients in the control group(n=28)received only routine secondary prevention.The 6-min walk distance,laboratory test results,healthy behavior(questionnaire),quality of life(12-item Short Form Health Survey),anxiety(7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire),and depression(9-item Patient Health Questionnaire)were evaluated at the beginning and after treatment for 3 months.Results:Compared with baseline data,52 patients who participated in cardiac rehabilitation had longer 6-min walk distance(515.26±113.74 m vs 0.445.30±97.92 m,P<0.0002),higher proportions of“always exercise”(78.26% vs.28%,P<0.05),“always limit food with sugar”(65.22% vs 12%,P<0.05),“always eat fruits 200–400 g every day”(82.61% vs.4%,P<0.05).and“always eat vegetables 300–500 g every day”(21.74%vs.12%,P<0.06)after treatment for 3 months.The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol control rate(52.17% vs.28%,P<0.05)and the systolic blood pressure control rate(100%vs.68%,P<0.05)were also signifi cantly increased after treatment for 3 months in the cardiac rehabilitation group.No signifi cant increase was found in the control group after treatment for 3 months.No cardiac-event related to home exercise was reported in both groups.Conclusion:Home-based cardiac rehabilitation is a feasible and available cardiac rehabilitation mode in China.

Machine learning application to predict the electron temperature on the J-TEXT tokamak

The reliability of diagnostic systems in tokamak plasma is of great significance for physics researches or fusion reactor.When some diagnostics fail to detect information about the plasma status,such as electron temperature,they can also be obtained by another method:fitted by other diagnostic signals through machine learning.The paper herein is based on a machine learning method to predict electron temperature,in case the diagnostic systems fail to detect plasma temperature.The fully-connected neural network,utilizing back propagation with two hidden layers,is utilized to estimate plasma electron temperature approximately on the J-TEXT.The input parameters consist of soft x-ray emission intensity,electron density,plasma current,loop voltage,and toroidal magnetic field,while the targets are signals of electron temperature from electron cyclotron emission and x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer.Therefore,the temperature profile is reconstructed by other diagnostic signals,and the average errors are within 5%.In addition,generalized regression neural network can also achieve this function to estimate the temperature profile with similar accuracy.Predicting electron temperature by neural network reveals that machine learning can be used as backup means for plasma information so as to enhance the reliability of diagnostics.

Clinical Observation on the Prevention and Treatment of Juvenile Mild Myopia with Traditional Chinese Medicine Comprehensive Therapy

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment ofjuvenile mild myopia.Methods:One hundred and twenty cases of juvenile mild myopia were randomly divided into six groups,with 20 cases in each group:western medicine group,ultrasonic group,acupuncture group,auricular point group,traditional Chinese oral decoction group,and traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive therapy group.The therapeutic effects of the treatment administered to the six groups were compared.Result:In the post-treatment and follow-up stages,the visual acuity of the traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive therapy group significantly improved along with reduced diopter compared to the other groups(p<0.05).However,the axial length of the six groups had no significant change compared with that before treatment(p>0.05).There were no adverse reactions in any of the patients.Conclusion:In the treatment of juvenile mild myopia,traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive therapy has good therapeutic effect without any adverse reactions;thus,it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Investigation of the J-TEXT plasma events by k-means clustering algorithm

Various types of plasma events emerge in specific parameter ranges and exhibit similar characteristics in diagnostic signals,which can be applied to identify these events.A semisupervised machine learning algorithm,the k-means clustering algorithm,is utilized to investigate and identify plasma events in the J-TEXT plasma.This method can cluster diverse plasma events with homogeneous features,and then these events can be identified if given few manually labeled examples based on physical understanding.A survey of clustered events reveals that the k-means algorithm can make plasma events(rotating tearing mode,sawtooth oscillations,and locked mode)gathering in Euclidean space composed of multi-dimensional diagnostic data,like soft x-ray emission intensity,edge toroidal rotation velocity,the Mirnov signal amplitude and so on.Based on the cluster analysis results,an approximate analytical model is proposed to rapidly identify plasma events in the J-TEXT plasma.The cluster analysis method is conducive to data markers of massive diagnostic data.

两道“有奖解题擂台”题引发的探究

在对两道“有奖解题擂台”题的探究中,得到了有关三角形的一系列不等式.

Incorporating mesopelagic fish into the evaluation of conservation areas for marine living resources under climate change scenarios

Mesopelagic fish(meso-fish)are central species within the Southern Ocean(SO).However,their ecosystem role and adaptive capacity to climate change are rarely integrated into protected areas assessments.This is a pity given their importance as crucial prey and predators in food webs,coupled with the impacts of climate change.Here,we estimate the habitat distribution of nine meso-fish using an ensemble model approach(MAXENT,random forest,and boosted regression tree).Four climate model simulations were used to project their distribution under two representative concentration pathways(RCP4.5 and RCP8.5)for short-term(2006–2055)and long-term(2050–2099)periods.In addition,we assess the ecological representativeness of protected areas under climate change scenarios using meso-fish as indicator species.Our models show that all species shift poleward in the future.Lanternfishes(family Myctophidae)are predicted to migrate poleward more than other families(Paralepididae,Nototheniidae,Bathylagidae,and Gonostomatidae).In comparison,lanternfishes were projected to increase habitat area in the eastern SO but lose area in the western SO;the opposite was projected for species in other families.Important areas(IAs)of meso-fish are mainly distributed near the Antarctic Peninsula and East Antarctica.Negotiated protected area cover 23% of IAs at present and 38%of IAs in the future(RCP8.5,long-term future).Many IAs of meso-fish still need to be included in protected areas,such as the Prydz Bay and the seas around the Antarctic Peninsula.Our results provide a framework for evaluating protected areas incorporating climate change adaptation strategies for protected areas management.

Correction:Incorporating mesopelagic fish into the evaluation of marine protected areas under climate change scenarios

The author wants to highlight the important role of mes-opelagic fish in the conservation of marine living resources.Therefore,in order to further clarify and focus research point on the conservation of marine living resources,the authors replaced the MPA with the protected areas,and slightly modified several other vague places.In these corrections,most of them are the replacement of the terms.

铂改性铝化物涂层的应用与发展

作为重要的高温防护涂层或热障涂层的粘结层,扩散型铂改性铝化物涂层(PtAl涂层)在国外已获得批量化应用,自PtAl涂层商业化应用至今约50年时间内,PtAl涂层在制备工艺技术、微观结构和成分控制等方面得到了系统优化和发展,已形成了系列化涂层。在PtAl涂层技术方面,国内与国外尚存较大的差距,在单晶高温合金发展和燃气涡轮发动机对高性能高温防护涂层需求的驱动下,国内大力开展了PtAl及改性PtAl涂层的研制工作。在此背景下,本文对PtAl涂层的发展、应用、性能特征、Pt的作用机理和最新研究进展进行了综述,并系统介绍了PtAl涂层组织结构特征及其制备技术,最后展望了国内在PtAl涂层发展方向。

Synergistic engineering of cobalt selenide and biomass-derived S,N,P co-doped hierarchical porous carbon for modulation of stable Li-S batteries

Hierarchical porous carbon co-doped with heterogeneous atoms has attracted much attention thanks to sizable internal void space accommodating electrolyte,high-density microporous structure physically con-fining polysulfides(LPS),and heterogeneous atoms serving as active sites to capture LPS.However,solely relying on carbon material defects to capture LPS proves ineffective.Hence,metal compounds must be introduced to chemisorb LPS.Herein,cobalt ions are in-situ grown on the polydopamine layer coated on the surface of biomass-derived S,N,P co-doped hierarchical porous carbon(SNP-PC).Then a layer of nitrogen-doped porous carbon(MPC)dotted with CoSe nanoparticles is acquired by selenizing.Thus,a strong-polar/weak-polar composite material of SNP-PC studded with CoSe nanoparticles is obtained(SNP-PC@MPC@CoSe).Button cells assembled with SNP-PC@MPC@CoSe-modified separator enable superb long-cycle stability and satisfactory rate performance.An excellent rate capacity of 796 mAh g^(−1)at a high current rate of 4 C with an ultra-low capacity fading of 0.06%over 700 cycles can be acquired.More impressively,even in a harsh test condition of 5.65 mg cm^(−2)sulfur loading and 4μL mg^(−1)ratio of electrolyte to active materials,the battery can still display a specific capacity of 980 mAh g^(−1)(area capacity of∼5.54 mAh cm^(−2))at 0.1 C.This work provides a promising route toward high-performance Li-S batteries.

Early life history affects fish size mainly by indirectly regulating the growth during each stage:a case study in a demersal fish

The complex life histories of demersal fishes are artificially separated into multiple stages along with changes in morphology and habitat.It is worth exploring whether the phenotypes expressed earlier and later during the life cycle are related or decoupled.The life stages of first year Pacific cod(Gadus macrocephalus)were tracked over different hatch years and regions to test whether the early life history had a long-lasting effect on subsequent growth.We further explored the contribution of growth in the early and subsequent life history stages to body size at the end of each stage.In addition to the accessory growth centre and the first annual ring,the other two checks on the otolith possibly related to settlement and entering deeper waters were identified in 75 Pacific cod individuals.The direct and indirect relationships among the life history stages was interpreted based on path analysis.The results showed that growth prior to the formation of the accessory growth centre had a significant effect on the absolute growth of the fish before and after settlement and migration to deep water.However,there was no or moderate evidence that early growth affected the body size at each stage,which was mainly regulated by growth during the stage.This study supports the lasting effect of early growth and clarifies that it affects size mainly by indirectly regulating staged growth.Quantifying the phenotype relationships and identifying the internal mechanisms form the basis for assessing population dynamics and understanding the processes behind the changes.

零炮检距有限差分偏移法

零炮检距(MZO)偏移也叫做倾角时差(DMO)或叠前部分偏移,它将叠前偏移地震数据变成近似的零炮检距数据,以便消灭反射点上的画弧现象,并可获得在反射层倾角范围内的优质叠加结果,MZO是标准地震数据处理中重要的一步。迄今,各种频率-波数(f-k)和积分 MZO 算法已应用于实践中。文中,介绍了一种可应用于正常时差(NMO)校正的、共炮检距剖面的有限差分 MZO 算法。这种算法用的是一种常规叠后偏移15度有限差分偏移算法和一种特定的速度函数,而不是真正的偏移速度。本文证实当速度随深度而变化时这种 MZO 算法的实现结果,并探讨这种算法应用于速度随深度和水平距离变化情况时的可行性。

Shouhui Tongbian Capsule in treatment of constipation: Treatment and mechanism development

Constipation is common in the diseases of the digestive system in clinics.With the change in diet structure and the increase in life pressure,the prevalence rate increases year by year.In traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the location of the disease of constipation is in the large intestine,which is related to the dysfunction of lung,spleen,liver,kidney and other viscera.Its pathogenesis is conductive dysfunction of large intestine.Based on the theory,Shouhui Tongbian Capsule(SHTB)is composed of eight traditional Chinese medicines,including Polygoni multiflori Radix(Heshouwu in Chinese),Aloe(Luhui in Chinese),Cassiae Semen(Juemingzi in Chinese),Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(Renshen in Chinese),Lycii Fructus(Gouqizi in Chinese),Asini Corii Colla(Ejiao in Chinese),Aurantii Fructus Immaturus(Zhishi in Chinese),and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(Baizhu in Chinese),which could help to release excessive turbid,and nourishing yin and supplementing qi in the treatment.This study has been carried out to review the latest advances of SHTB in the treatment of constipation.The results showed that significant effect of SHTB was found in the treatment of constipation,such as functional constipation,and constipation associated with tumor chemotherapy,colitis,type 2 diabetes and chronic cardiac failure.Besides,obvious adverse reactions were not observed.SHTB could effectively treat five types of constipation,provide direction for the future exploration of SHTB in the treatment of other types of constipation。

Research hotspots and trends of cardiopulmonary exercise test:Visualization analysis based on citespace

The study aims to grasp the hot spots and trends of global cardiopulmonary exercise research.Web of Science(WoS)core collection and Derwent Innovation Index database were retrieved to collect literature from 2002 to 2022 with Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test(CPET)as the retrieval theme.CiteSpace was used to conduct bibliometrics and visual analysis of 6679 pieces of literature in the web of science core collection database and 251 patent data in the Derwent Innovation Index database.The results show that:(1)the number of CPET theme research papers is increasing year by year,and the main research fields are cardiology,respiratory system,sports science,etc.;(2)The main research hot spots of CPET include exercise prescription,exercise and heart failure,COVID-19 cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and evaluation,etc.;(3)The development trend of CPET technology is majorly in the direction of intelligence,portability,individualization and the integration of Virtual Reality(VR)technology and evidence-based research of CPET guiding clinical decision-making.

Efficacy of digital therapeutics in smoking cessation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Intervention based on“digital therapeutics”(DTs)to aid smoking cessation(SC)has developed in recent years.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the efficacy of DTs in SC.Databases(PubMed,Embase,Scopus,Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Xplore,ClinicalTrials,Science Direct,Web of Science,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database,Wanfang,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials)from inception to June 27,2022 were searched to collect randomized controlled trials focusing on use of DTs for SC.Revman 5.3 and Stata16 were used for meta-analysis.After literature screening,data extraction,and quality assessment by two researchers.33 studies(19,749 participants)were included.Compared with the control group,DTs significantly increased the prevalence of abstinence of smokers[OR=1.77,95%CI[1.39,2.26],p=0],significantly increased the point prevalence abstinence(PPA)[OR=1.45,95%CI[1.18,1.78],p=0],and improved participation in SC programs[OR=1.12,95%CI[1.01,1.24],p=0.038].Subgroup analysis showed that,among different intervention groups,the prevalence of DTs-assisted SC in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)smokers was higher than that in other groups[OR=5.18,95%CI[1.49,18.05],p=0.001],the prevalence of WeChat-assisted SC in smokers was higher than that in other groups[OR=4.37,95%CI[2.21,8.67],p=0].This meta-analysis showed that DTs-assisted SC improved the prevalence of abstinence,PPA,and increased the participation of smokers in SC programs.

RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠虚中夹瘀证实验评价

目的:论证视网膜色素变性经典动物模型RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠具有的“虚中夹瘀”的病理机制。方法:实验研究。将10只RCS(rdy+/+,p+/+)大鼠(雌雄各5只)设为空白组;RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠共10只(雌雄各5只)设为模型组。观察2组大鼠的一般形态学及行为学特征,评价2组大鼠的生物学差异。ELISA法测定其虚证和瘀证指标,虚证指标包括视网膜匀浆组织中cAMP、cGMP含量和cAMP/cGMP值以及血浆中前列腺素(PG)、雌二醇(E2)含量;瘀证指标为血浆中P-selectin含量、血液流变学指标检测。组织切片HE染色观察2组大鼠视网膜结构。对2组数据行独立样本t检验。结果:模型组大鼠明显消瘦、神疲乏力、反应迟钝、行动缓慢、被毛蓬起无光泽、易受惊吓、食量小、大便略松软,其中雌性大鼠血浆中E2含量值明显低于空白组的雌性大鼠,差异有统计学意义(t=2.67,P=0.03);雄性大鼠血浆中PG含量值低于空白组的雄性大鼠,差异有统计学意义(t=4.12,P=0.003)。空白组大鼠视网膜组织匀浆cAMP、cGMP、cAMP/cGMP均高于模型组,差异有统计学意义(t=18.87、12.63、11.76,P<0.001)。当血流切变力分别为5/s、100/s、200/s时,模型组大鼠血黏度值高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.58、4.40、6.80,P<0.001)。模型组大鼠血浆黏度值、全血高切相对指数、全血低切相对指数、纤维蛋白原均高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(t=5.20,8.25,9.08,6.15,P<0.001)。模型组大鼠血浆中P-selectin含量明显高于空白组,差异有统计学意义(t=4.30,P=0.003)。模型组大鼠视网膜各层结构明显较空白组紊乱,视网膜厚度萎缩变薄,病变主要位于视网膜外层及视锥与视杆细胞。结论:视网膜色素变性经典模型RCS(rdy-/-,p-/-)大鼠具有形体消瘦,肾精亏虚且虚中加瘀等病理生理特点。

Ultra-high strength GNP/2024Al composite via thermomechanical treatment

The 5.0 vol.%GNP/2024Al composites were prepared by accumulated shear deformation combined with heat treatment,i.e.the thermomechanical treatment(TMT).The results showed that homogeneous distributed GNPs that aligned along the plastic deformation direction were obtained by six-pass drawing in the solution heat treatment state.The introducing of high-density dislocations in Al matrix by multiple drawing resulted in enhanced nucleation of precipitates and subsequent uniform growth during ageing.Consequently,ultra-strength GNP/2024Al composites,with yield and ultimate tensile strength 482 and571 MPa,respectively,were achieved.The high strength was attributed to homogeneous dispersion of undamaged GNPs,fine and dispersed precipitations and work-hardening effect.This work demonstrated that TMT could act as a feasible strategy for preparing high-performance GNP/Al composites.

Transmission Efficiency of Different Shielding Structures in Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Electric Vehicles

Wireless Power Transfer(WPT)charging systems can cause eddy loss on the steel part and the chassis of an Electric Vehicle(EV).To study different shielding structures’influence on the transmission efficiency of a WPT system,boundary conditions and assumptions of the WPT model in a quasistationary electromagnetic field were established and a finite element method(FEM)was adopted.The shielding effectiveness of ferrite plate and annular aluminum plate were investigated as well as their effects on the coupling coefficient of WPT.It was found that,the setting of ferrite core enhanced the transmission field strength,improved the coupling between two coils,and increased transmit power as well as the actual eddy loss.The actual necessary shielding-area was not confined into the samesize area but distributed around the edge of the ferrite.By arranging specialized size annular aluminum plates between the chassis and ferrite core,the eddy loss can be effectively shielded and an optimal transmission efficiency can breached with an acceptable coupling coefficient decrease.The optimized ferrite bar structure and its EMC characteristics were also studied.It was also found that with equal volume,the optimized ferrite bar structure had better performance in EMC and coupling enhancement than the full ferrite plate.

Slc20a1b is essential for hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell expansion in zebrafish

Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells(HSPCs)are able to self-renew and can give rise to all blood lineages throughout their lifetime,yet the mechanisms regulating HSPC development have yet to be discovered.In this study,we characterized a hematopoiesis defective zebrafish mutant line named smu07,which was obtained from our previous forward genetic screening,and found the HSPC expansion deficiency in the mutant.Positional cloning identified that slc20a1b,which encodes a sodium phosphate cotransporter,contributed to the smu07 blood phenotype.Further analysis demonstrated that mutation of slc20a1b affects HSPC expansion through cell cycle arrest at G2/M phases in a cell-autonomous manner.Our study shows that slc20a1b is a vital regulator for HSPC proliferation in zebrafish early hematopoiesis and provides valuable insights into HSPC development.