Potential of eNose Technology for Monitoring Biological CO_(2) Conversion Processes

Electronic nose(eNose) is a modern bioelectronic sensor for monitoring biological processes that convert CO_(2) into valueadded products, such as products formed during photosynthesis and microbial fermentation. eNose technology uses an array of sensors to detect and quantify gases, including CO_(2), in the air. This study briefly introduces the concept of eNose technology and potential applications thereof in monitoring CO_(2) conversion processes. It also provides background information on biological CO_(2) conversion processes. Furthermore, the working principles of eNose technology vis-à-vis gas detection are discussed along with its advantages and limitations versus traditional monitoring methods. This study also provides case studies that have used this technology for monitoring biological CO_(2) conversion processes. eNose-predicted measurements were observed to be completely aligned with biological parameters for R~2 values of 0.864, 0.808, 0.802, and 0.948. We test eNose technology in a variety of biological settings, such as algae farms or bioreactors, to determine its effectiveness in monitoring CO_(2) conversion processes. We also explore the potential benefits of employing this technology vis-à-vis monitoring biological CO_(2) conversion processes, such as increased reaction efficiency and reduced costs versus traditional monitoring methods. Moreover, future directions and challenges of using this technology in CO_(2) capture and conversion have been discussed. Overall, we believe this study would contribute to developing new and innovative methods for monitoring biological CO_(2) conversion processes and mitigating climate change.

Joining of Zirconia and Ti-6Al-4V Using a Ti-based Amorphous Filler

Polycrystalline ZrO2-3 mol.%Y2O3 was brazed to Ti-6Al-4V by using a Ti47Zr28Cu14Ni11（at.%） amorphous ribbon at 1123–1273 K in a high vacuum. The influences of brazing temperature on the microstructure and shear strength of the joints were investigated. The interfacial microstructures can be described as ZrO2/TiO＋TiO2＋Cu2Ti4O＋Ni2Ti4O/α-Ti＋（Ti,Zr）2（Cu,Ni） eutectic/acicular Widmanst¨aten structure/Ti–6Al–4V alloy. With the increase in the brazing temperature, the thickness of the TiO＋TiO2＋Cu2Ti4O＋Ni2Ti4O layer reduced, the content of the α-Ti＋（Ti,Zr）2（Cu,Ni） eutectic phase decreased, while that of the coarse α-Ti phase gradually increased. The shear strength of the joints did not show a close relationship with the thickness of the TiO＋TiO2＋Cu2Ti4O＋Ni2Ti4O layer. However, when the coarse （Ti,Zr）2（Cu,Ni） phase was non-uniformly distributed in the α-Ti phase, or when α-Ti solely situated at the center of the joint, forming a coarse block or even connecting into a continuous strip, the shear strength greatly decreased.

Rapidly Solidified Microstructure in Laser Alloyed Ni-Al Layer by TEM, STEM z-contrast and HRTEM Techniques

In the present study, laser alloying of electroless Nie P coating on aluminum substrate was conducted using Nd：YAG pulsed laser under the condition of 5.36 109W/m2 in power density and 3.0 mm/s in scanning speed. The rapidly solidified microstructure in the alloyed layer was studied. The results showed that the alloying element distributed in the alloyed layer is inhomogeneous. The dendrite containing relatively high Ni was identified as Al3Ni phase and the areas between the dendrites are rich in Al content. Featureless with cell structure in Al-rich areas was firstly displayed by z-contrast image. Amorphous structure was revealed to exist in Al-rich areas.

Effect of parameters on interface of the brazed ZrO_2 ceramic and Ti-6Al-4V joint using Ti-based amorphous filler

A commercially available Ti47Zr2sCu14Nin （at. pct） amorphous filler foil was used to join ZrO2 ceramic and Ti-6A1-4V alloy. According to experimental observations, the interface microstructure accounts for the mechanical properties of the joints. The effects of brazing conditions and parameters on the joint properties were investigated. The joint shear strength showed the highest value of about 108 MPa and did not monotonously increase with the brazing time increasing. It was shown that decreasing of brazing cooling rate and appropriate filler foil thickness gave higher joint strength.