Effect of Oils on SBS Modified Asphalt:Rheological Characteristics and Oxidation Aging

This study focuses on the effect of oils on rheology and oxidation aging of Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene modified asphalt(SBSMA)in the long term,after reducing one low-temperature Performance Grade(PG)of SBSMA by incorporating oils.Two oils,including corn-based bio-oil and re-refined engine oil bottom(REOB),were selected to enhance the low-temperature performance of SBSMA.All samples were subjected to Rolling Thin Film Oven(RTFO)aging and 20-h as well as 40-h Pressure Aging Vessel(PAV20 and PAV40)aging,prior to multiple stress creep recovery(MSCR),frequency sweep and Flourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)scanning.A good high-temperature performance of oil/SBS modified asphalt blends was reflected in MSCR and PG results,meanwhile non-recoverable creep compliance(Jnr)and recovery(R)were found to share a highly correlated relationship during aging progress.In addition,Glover–Rowe(G–R)parameter and phase angle master curves suggest that the improvement of cracking property mainly came from the softening effect of oils.Adding oils into SBSMA was observed to increase oxidation kinetics,but the blends with oils still exhibited better anti-oxidation aging than the base binder,mainly due to the SBS addition.Bio-oil exhibited an effect of relieving age hardening susceptibility of SBSMA.

Histological and Ultrastructural Features for Proliferation Inhibition by Delivery of Exogenous p27^(Kip1) to Rabbit Models after Glaucoma Filtration Surgery

Purpose: To investigate postoperative inhibition of cell proliferation in animals treated with exogenous p27Kip1 during an experimental glaucoma filtration surgery (GFS) by histological and ultrastructural examinations. Methods:The primer was designed according to p27Kip1 gene sequence of GenBank..The p27Kip1-expressing adenovirus-mediated Ad-p27 was constructed according to standard techniques..Gene therapy was performed by subconjunctival delivery of Ad-p27,mitomycin C(MMC) and PBS served as controls..Histological and ultastructural changes at surgical sites were observed for 28 days postoperatively. Results: Histologically, evident cellular proliferation induced by Ad-p27 was observed on day 7,.with appreciable filtering cavity. However, thin conjunctival layers were noted, and the number of fibroblasts decreased in the Tenon's capsule on day 14. On day 28, the filtering cavity partially disappeared. The histological features of the animals with MMC delivery were similar to those treated by Ad-p27..In contrast,.in the PBS treatment group, thick conjunctival layers were observed, and the number of goblet cells and fibroblasts, increased markedly..The filtering cavity disappeared at postoperative day 21. Twenty eight day postoperatively,.ultrastructural findings showed that most conjunctival epithelial cells in the Ad-p27 treatment group were under static state,.and that organelles were inactive. The number of goblet cells,.and the secretion of mucin,.were decreased..The amount of fibroblasts also decreased with partial apoptotic cells. The ultrastructural features presented by rabbits with the MMC delivery resembled those treated with Ad-p27. In the PBS treatment group, the number of conjunctival epithelial cells increased; the amount of goblet cells increased as the secretion of mucin was strengthened, and a substantial amount of fibroblasts were observed with active and productive organelles. Conclusion: Ad-p27 inhibits the proliferation of Tenon's capsule fibroblasts at surgical sites, and suppresses the formation of scars, thereby promoting surgical efficacy.

Sustainable Asphalt Concrete Containing RAP and Coal Gangue Aggregate:Performance,Costs,and Environmental Impact

The shortage of natural aggregates is becoming a severe problem in the pavement industry globally.To address this issue,in this study,an effort was made to use reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)and coal gangue(CG)as coarse and fine aggregate,respectively for producing the hot mix asphalt(HMA).As the replacement of natural aggregate,there were seven types of HMA containing 20%and 40%RAP coarse aggregate content,and 10%and 25%CG fine aggregate content were designed and prepared.In addition,Marshall Stability test,rutting resistance test,immersion Marshall test,freezing-thaw splitting test,moisture-induced sensitivity test,and low-temperature semicircle bending test were conducted.The results show that the properties of the asphalt mixture containing both RAP and CG meet the Chinese specification through it is slightly lower than the virgin asphalt mixture.Furthermore,the addition of 40%RAP coarse aggregate and 25%CG fine aggregate to asphalt mixes can significantly reduce manufacturing costs,energy consumption,and CO_(2)emissions by 29.4%,19.8%,and 21.9%,respectively,compared to the virgin asphalt mixture.The finding of this study contributes to current knowledge by investigating the feasibility of jointly using the RAP and CG in asphalt mixture,which could be interested by both industry and academic society.

Study on the Aromatic Components of Green Plum Wine by HS-SPME-GC-MS

In order to better blend green plum wine and study aromatic components of green plum wine,a qualitative analysis on aromatic components of soaked base liquor,green plum soaked wine,green plum juice,and fermented wine of green plum juice by Head Space Solid-phase Microextraction( HS-SPME) and Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer( GC-MS) was studied in this paper. Experiment results indicated that14,32,17,and 46 kinds of aromatic components were identified respectively from four samples. Different aromatic components determined the special flavor and taste of green plum wine. Unique aromatic components generated in soaking process include benzaldehyde,1-butanol,2-methyl-,S-(-),benzoic acid ethyl ester,and 5-( hydroxymethyl). Special aromatic components in green plum juice were furfural,phenylethyl alcohol,and benzyl alcohol. The aromatic components in fermented wine of green plum juice mainly included phenylethyl alcohol( 6. 941%,relative content of peak area,same below),1-butanol,3-methyl-( 6. 940%),octanoic acid,ethyl ester( 3. 734%),decanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 590%),hexanoic acid,ethyl ester( 2. 479%),ethyl 9-decenoate( 2. 080%),and 5-hydroxymethyl( 1. 756%). This study was expected to provide scientific basis and data reference for quality improvement of green plum wine.

可应用于农药喷洒及农田灌溉的多用途气悬浮车设计

农药喷洒和农田灌溉是现代农业生产中最重要的管理措施,是确保作物正常生长发育和高产的重要因素。然而,病虫草害的有效防控及灌溉水的高效利用仍然是困扰中国农业生产的迫切难题。在中国,当前落后的农药施用及灌溉技术需要大量的农药及灌溉水被应用于农业生产中,造成资源有效利用率低,限制农作物产量和品质进一步提升,从而影响农作物生产及农业产业发展。目前,机械化农药施用及灌溉系统为农业生产和可持续发展带来了一定影响,尤其是航空喷药及灌溉技术,有利于提高农业资源利用率,实现大面积化农药施用及灌溉的精准操作。遥控式小型无人机已在此领域得到初步应用,通过手动智能操控遥控器及GPS定位,使其旋翼产生的向下气流辅助增加气流对作物的穿透性来实现,具有操作灵活、自动控制能力强及避免飘移等特点。然而现有无人机动力单一,应用范围有限,造价成本偏高。相对而言,悬浮飞行设备动力充足,功率较大,飞行速度较快,对载重量大且远距离的商业及工业运行带来很大便捷,但现有悬浮飞行设备均采用化学燃料作为动力源,造成污染环境,且现有悬浮飞行设备结构复杂,操控难度大,用途有限,还未见关于悬浮飞行设备在农业生产中得以应用的报道。为弥补现有航空技术存在的不足,我们发明了一种可应用于农药喷洒及农田灌溉的多用途气悬浮车。该新型气悬浮车采用蓄电池作为动力源,车体的底部设置有四个车轮,车体的顶部设置有螺旋桨,尾部电机驱动设置于车体尾部的尾部叶轮转动,车体的左右分别设置有第一电机和第二电机,变阻器用于调节各个电机的转速,车体内的前侧设置有控制方向杆和控制速度踏板,控制方向杆上设置有用于控制顶部电机和尾部电机转速的开关,控制方向杆的底部与车轮中的前轮连接,控制方向杆和尾部电机之间通过链条连接,通过转动控制方向杆带动尾部电机转动,使尾部叶轮的轴向发生变化,控制速度踏板与第一电机和第二电机的变阻器连接,控制速度踏板调整变阻器的滑动位置。此多用途气悬浮车采用将电能转化为机械能的原理,通过多部电动机提供动力源,弥补了现有无人机和悬浮飞行设备动力单一,结构复杂,不易操控,用途有限,成本较高及污染环境等不足。其原理独特,设计巧妙,结构简单,成本较低,便于操控,用途多样,便捷、安全且环保,在现代农业生产中具有广阔的推广应用前景。

Clinical Evaluation of Traumatic Ciliochoroidal Detachment with Surgical Treatment

Purpose: To determine the clinical features of traumatic ciliochoroidal detachment(CCD), and to evaluate the surgical outcomes.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 37 consecutive patients with traumatic CCD who underwent surgical procedures,.including ciliary body suturing,.transscleral cyclophotocoagulation,.and cyclocryopexy..A complete ocular examination was performed at pre-surgery and at periodical post-surgery follow-ups. We compared visual acuity(VA),intraocular pressure.(IOP),.and morphologic changes with UBM among the different surgical procedures at the presurgery and periodical follow-ups.Results:.The mean IOP was 6.62 mmHg, and the median VA was 20 / 200 at baseline..The mean final IOP was 11.03mmHg,.and the final median VA improved to 20 / 50..IOPs were significantly different in post-surgery compared with those at baseline(P=0.000) among the ciliary body suturing,cyclophotocoagulation, and cyclocryopexy groups. However,no significant differences were noted at each follow-up among the 3 groups(P>0.05). The post-surgical morphological figures consisted of complete reattachment, partial reattachment,and the complete detachment. Cyclocryopexy(71.4%), suturing(68.4%), and cyclophotocoagulation(63.6%) produced similar surgical outcomes of the complete reattachment based on UBM images.Conclusion:Prompt treatment and periodic follow-ups are necessary after traumatic CCD, based on accurate dimensions and configuration by UBM. The appropriate choice of surgical procedures is pivotal for an optimal outcome.

二氧化碳到己糖的人工合成

土地短缺及环境恶化导致依赖光合作用的糖制造技术面临诸多挑战.当前人工CO_(2)-糖合成技术在立体选择性转化、降低能量消耗、扩展产物谱等方面亟待突破.本文设计了低ATP消耗、路线短且普适性强的CO_(2)-糖路线,能量转化效率高于传统制糖方法.结合酶工程技术获得了催化性能优异的酶元件,构建了化学-酶转化体系,实现转化CO_(2)合成葡萄糖、阿洛酮糖等己糖分子,具有较高的产物选择性和碳转化率,CO_(2)-糖合成效率为目前报道最高水平.本研究为创制结构多样性糖及其衍生物,解决人类食糖与健康、工业发酵等糖需求提供蓝图和方案.

An injectable signal-amplifying device elicits a specific immune response against malignant glioblastoma

Despite exciting achievements with some malignancies,immunotherapy for hypoimmunogenic cancers,especially glioblastoma(GBM),remains a formidable clinical challenge.Poor immunogenicity and deficient immune infiltrates are two major limitations to an effective cancer-specific immune response.Herein,we propose that an injectable signal-amplifying nanocomposite/hydrogel system consisting of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and imiquimod-loaded antigen-capturing nanoparticles can simultaneously amplify the chemotactic signal of antigen-presenting cells and the"danger"signal of GBM.We demonstrated the feasibility of this strategy in two scenarios of GBM.In the first scenario,we showed that this simultaneous amplification system,in conjunction with local chemotherapy,enhanced both the immunogenicity and immune infiltrates in a recurrent GBM model;thus,ultimately making a cold GBM hot and suppressing postoperative relapse.Encouraged by excellent efficacy,we further exploited this signal-amplifying system to improve the efficiency of vaccine lysate in the treatment of refractory multiple GBM,a disease with limited clinical treatment options.In general,this biomaterial-based immune signal amplification system represents a unique approach to restore GBM-specific immunity and may provide a beneficial preliminary treatment for other clinically refractorymalignancies.