Peptide-assembled siRNA nanomicelles confine MnOx-loaded silicages for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy

Chemodynamic therapy(CDT) is a promising therapeutic approach for in situ cancer treatment, but it is still hindered by inefficient single-modality treatment and the weak targeted delivery of reagents into mitochondria(the main site of intracellular ROS production). Herein, to obtain a multimodal strategy,peptide-assembled si RNA nanomicelles were prepared to confine ultrasmall MnOxin small silica cages(silicages), which is convenient for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Given the free energy and versatility of small silicages, as well as the excellent Fenton-like activity of ultrasmall MnOx,MnOx-inside-loaded silicages(10 nm) were prepared for CDT delivery to mitochondria. Subsequently, to obtain a synergistic CDT and gene silencing treatment, the peptide-mediated assembly of si RNA and MnOx-loaded silicages were employed to obtain silicage@MnOx-si RNA nanomicelles(SMS NMs). After multiple modifications, sequential cancer cell-targeted delivery, GSH-controlled reagent release of si RNA and mitochondria-targeted delivery of MnOx-loaded silicages were successfully achieved. Finally, by both in vitro and in vivo experiments, SMS NMs were confirmed to be effective for synergistic chemical and gene-regulated cancer therapy. Our findings expand the applications of silicages and initiate the development of multimodal CDT.

Accelerated plasma degradation of organic pollutants in milliseconds and examinations by mass spectrometry

The rapid degradation of organic pollutants,process monitoring and online controlling to obtain advanced products and decreased by-products are great and challenging tasks in environmental treatments.Herein,an accelerated plasma degradation in milliseconds was achieved by combining electrospray-based acceleration and plasma-based degradation.Taking the degradation of chloroaniline as an example,97%of the degradation can be achieved in milliseconds.The velocity distribution of droplets was determined to be 40-50 m/s after being degraded for 0.30 ms,which exhibited different degradation behaviors in different milliseconds.Simultaneously,by virtue of the real-time and on-line detection ability of ambient mass spectrometry,intermediates,by-products and advanced products were monitored.Therefore,degradation mechanisms for different degradation times were proposed,which would provide theoretical guidance on obtaining efficient and green degradation.The fabrication,examining and understanding of accelerated plasma degradation not only enlarged application of accelerated reactions,but also promoted green and efficient degradation for environmental treatments.