Economic analysis of hydrogen production from electrolyzed water technology by provinces in China

A novel model for measuring the economics of hydrogen generation via electrolytic water projects was constructed.The model overcomes the current problem of incomplete and inaccurate assessments of the price of producing hydrogen via water,which are caused by ignoring the indirect carbon costs of different power generation sources in the process of determining the cost of producing hydrogen via water.The model was used to analyze the price of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis and its sensitivity to the electricity costs of hydrogen production and carbon prices in various provinces of China.With the continuing increase in the penetration of novel energy in China’s power system and the gradual decline in electricity prices,the price of producing hydrogen via electrolytic water is expected to be close to or even lower than that of producing hydrogen via coal in the future.Geographical differences also have a significant impact on the price of producing hydrogen,which is typically higher in the southeastern coastal region than in the western region,because of the local price of electricity and the composition of the energy sources.Provinces that have been effective in developing novel energy sources,such as Qinghai,Sichuan,and others,have been effective in the hydrogen energy industry.Sichuan and other provinces with significant new energy development have a clear advantage in the hydrogen industry.Because provinces with low hydrogen production costs can transport hydrogen to provinces with high hydrogen production costs through pipelines,hydrogen pipelines are planned from Shaanxi to Henan and from Xinjiang to Nei Mongol.These study results reveal the relative economic advantages of producing hydrogen via water electrolysis under various energy and electricity price policies and provide new perspectives on China’s energy strategy and the growth of the hydrogen energy sector.

CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑技术在乙型肝炎病毒治疗中的应用

乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus,HBV)能引起患者慢性感染,增加肝硬化和肝癌的风险,是威胁全球健康的一个重要问题.核苷(酸)类似物(NUCs)和干扰素(IFN)是目前治疗HBV仅有的两类药物,然而这两类药物均无法清除稳定存在于细胞核中且能够作为模板产生子代病毒的闭合共价环状DNA(covalently closed circle DNA,cccDNA).此外,HBV耐药相关突变(RAM)和疫苗逃逸突变(VEM)降低了现有治疗和预防策略的成功率.因此,人们在努力开发直接靶向cccDNA,将之失活或清除以实现治愈慢性乙肝的治疗手段.特异性靶向HBV基因组保守区域的CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑系统,不仅能够有效抑制病毒复制,相比其他基因编辑工具,设计也更加简单灵活,成为了一个十分具有吸引力的治疗选择.本文将总结现有CRISPR-Cas9系统在抗乙型肝炎病毒中的研究,并探讨其可能面临的问题与潜在的解决方案.