Non-Intrusive Load Identification Model Based on 3D Spatial Feature and Convolutional Neural Network

Load identification method is one of the major technical difficulties of non-intrusive composite monitoring. Binary V-I trajectory image can reflect the original V-I trajectory characteristics to a large extent, so it is widely used in load identification. However, using single binary V-I trajectory feature for load identification has certain limitations. In order to improve the accuracy of load identification, the power feature is added on the basis of the binary V-I trajectory feature in this paper. We change the initial binary V-I trajectory into a new 3D feature by mapping the power feature to the third dimension. In order to reduce the impact of imbalance samples on load identification, the SVM SMOTE algorithm is used to balance the samples. Based on the deep learning method, the convolutional neural network model is used to extract the newly produced 3D feature to achieve load identification in this paper. The results indicate the new 3D feature has better observability and the proposed model has higher identification performance compared with other classification models on the public data set PLAID.

Intelligent Building Load Scheduling Based on Multi-Objective Multi-Verse Algorithm

In the multi-objective of intelligent building load scheduling, aiming at the problem of how to select Pareto frontier scheme for multi-objective optimization algorithm, the current optimal scheme mechanism combined with multi-objective multi-verse algorithm is used to optimize the intelligent building load scheduling. The update mechanism is changed in updating the position of the universe, and the process of correction coding is omitted in the iterative process of the algorithm, which reduces the com-putational complexity. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the optimal scheduling experiments of residential loads.

生物质基双功能氮掺杂多孔碳在对硝基苯酚还原和苯乙烯氧化中的应用

大多数催化过程需以金属甚至贵金属作为活性位点,尽管金属基催化剂在很多情况下可以展现出较好的催化性能,但其实际应用受到价格较高、储量有限、组分流失和金属位点烧结等因素的限制.在非金属催化剂中,碳材料由于具有来源丰富、稳定性好以及可调控性强等特点而得到了广泛应用.研究表明,将具有供电子或吸电子特征的异质原子如氮、硼、硫和磷等掺入碳结构中是一种可行的策略,可通过电子结构调控产生缺陷来提高催化性能.其中,氮原子与碳原子的原子半径相近,可有效改善碳的化学惰性,是一种理想的掺杂原子.基于这些认识,各类氮掺杂碳材料,如碳纳米管、碳纳米球、石墨烯、介孔碳、碳纤维等已经被开发出来且显示出令人满意的催化效果.然而,传统氮掺杂碳材料的制备还存在反应条件苛刻、需要使用各类有毒试剂以及制备过程复杂等缺点.近年来,以廉价易得的生物质为原料,通过简单绿色方法合成氮掺杂碳材料,并进一步探索其在更多催化领域如有机催化中的应用得到了广泛关注.对硝基苯酚的催化还原反应和苯乙烯的催化氧化反应一般需要金属催化剂.其中,对硝基苯酚是化学工业中常见的难降解污染物,可对环境和人类健康造成严重威胁.在所有减轻其污染和危害的方法中,从环境和工业角度出发,将其催化还原成对氨基苯酚是最经济的方法.苯乙烯的氧化反应可用于生产各类高附加值化学品,例如环氧苯乙烷是合成增塑剂、香料和药品等的重要中间体.对于这两个反应,开发高效的生物质基碳氮掺杂碳材料作为非金属催化剂仍具有挑战性.本文以价廉易得的萝卜为原料,通过耦合氮掺杂、碳化和氢氧化钾活化过程,采用简单的一步法制备得到了一系列氮掺杂多孔碳(NKC),发现其在对硝基苯酚还原反应和苯乙烯氧化反应中均表现出良好的催化性能.NKC系列催化剂的比表面积、孔体积和N掺杂含量分别为918.9-3062.7 m^2 g^-1,1.01-2.04 cm^3 g^-1和1.29-15.3 at%.综合表征结果和催化反应结果发现,催化性能与结构参数并不直接相关,而是与催化剂中石墨化氮的含量呈正相关关系.在NKC系列催化剂中,NKC-3-800对于这两个反应的催化反应效果最佳,其催化效果可达到或超过已报道的金属甚至贵金属催化剂.此外,本文还计算了两个反应的各类动力学和热力学参数,并分析了可能的催化反应机理.本文不仅为生物质的高附加值利用提供了新的思路,而且为廉价和丰富的生物质基碳催化剂在有机反应中的进一步应用开辟了更多的可能性.

Selective synthesis of triacetin from glycerol catalyzed by HZSM-5/MCM-41 micro/mesoporous molecular sieve

HZSM-5/MCM-41 molecular sieve (H-ZM) catalysts with well-defined micro/mesoporous structures were synthesized and showed high performance for selective synthesis of triacetin via the esterification reaction of glycerol with acetic acid. The conversion of glycerol was demonstrated to be 100% and the triacetin selectivity was over 91%, which can be attributed to the synergistic effect regarding suitable acidic property, excellent diffusion efficiency and good stability derived from the combined advantages of microporous molecular sieve HZSM-5 and mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41.

富含氧空位的多级0D/2D Co_3O_4催化剂在苯乙烯环氧化反应中的应用（英文）

碳氢化合物的催化氧化是化学工业中一个非常重要的反应.在各种氧化反应中,由于环氧化物是制药工业和精细化学品生产中的重要中间体,而使得烯烃的催化环氧化反应近年来得到了广泛关注.环氧苯乙烷(SO)作为一种重要的环氧化物,广泛用于精细化学品、表面涂料、化妆品和环氧树脂等的生产过程中.合成SO的传统方法均需使用危险化学品,产生大量有害物质,且SO选择性差.因此,从绿色化学和可持续化学的观点来看,以苯乙烯为底物,研究使用H_2O_2,O_2或有机氢过氧化物作为氧化剂来制取SO的方法具有非常重要的意义.在苯乙烯环氧化反应所使用的各种均相催化剂中,钴离子及其配合物具有较高的活性.然而,这些均相催化剂的分离和随后的再循环过程仍然是一个巨大的挑战,严重限制了它们的进一步应用.因此,多相催化剂,包括钴基催化剂,由于易于分离和回收,且反应条件较为温和,已被应用于苯乙烯的环氧化反应中.然而,它们通常需要复杂的制备方法,并且催化活性和SO选择性待提高.因此,开发简单但具有高活性和稳定性的钴基多相催化剂并将其用于苯乙烯的环氧化反应仍然是一个有趣而富有挑战性的研究.本文通过一种简易的液相NaBH_4还原策略制备了一种富含氧空位的多级0D/2DCo_3O_4催化剂,采用XRD,Raman,SEM,TEM,EDS,XPS和N_2吸附-脱附等手段对材料的理化性质进行了系统表征.结果显示,还原处理使得初始的二维多孔的Co_3O_4片演变为具有多级结构的0D/2DCo_3O_4材料,比表面积由20.9提升至37.0 m^2/g,且表面出现了丰富的氧空位,具有更多的Co_2^+物种.将所制催化剂用于苯乙烯的环氧化反应,结果显示,在优化的反应条件下,富含氧空位的0D/2DCo_3O_4催化剂的苯乙烯转化率和SO选择性分别可达到99.3%和71.4%,且具有较好的循环使用性能,其SO收率(70.9%)较初始的2DCo_3O_4催化剂(33.2%)提高了一倍多.结果表明,0D/2DCo_3O_4催化剂在苯乙烯环氧化反应中的优异性能得益于其多级的形貌结构、表面元素价态的改变和氧空位的生成所产生的协同效应.这种简易的液相还原策略是一种非常有效的催化剂处理方法,可改变催化剂形貌结构、表面元素价态和产生缺陷位,有望应用于更多的催化反应过程中.

Asymmetric electric field distribution enhanced hierarchical metamaterials for radar-infrared compatible camouflage

Metamaterials are widely used in electromagnetic radiation and camouflage for their flexible wavefront manipulation and polarization over a broad spectrum ranging from microwaves to optics.However,multispectral compatible camouflage faces significant challenges due to tremendous scale differences of unit cells and desired radiative properties in various spectral regimes.This study assembles a micron-scale infrared emitter,a millimeter-scale microwave absorber,and a metal reflector to propose a hierarchical metamaterial that reduces microwave scattering and reflects low-infrared waves.As a proof of concept,laser etching micro-manufactures an upper infrared shielding layer with a periodic metal pattern.At the same time,bottom square frustum metastructure composites are fabricated and optimized based on genetic algorithms.Under the normal incidence transverse electromagnetic wave with a 90°azimuth angle,the hierarchical strategy and infrared unit create an asymmetric electric field distribution of local near-field coupling,which is conducive to generating additional resonance for broadening the absorption bandwidth.Experiments verify the multispectral camouflage,which shows a high absorption efficiency of more than 90%,ranging from 3.6 to 6.2 and from 8.4 to 18 GHz with a total thickness of 4.05 mm(0.049λmax).Due to the non-reflection of surrounding thermal signals in the infrared 2-22μm region,low-infrared emissivity(0.29)metamaterials can adapt to various thermal backgrounds.This methodology can provide a novel route for fabricating multispectral camouflage devices.

Dual-polarized and real-time reconfigurable metasurface absorber with infrared-coded remote-control system

The reconfigurable metasurfaces which can regulate the microwave absorption performance at the sub wavelength scale provide a possibility to construct intelligent stealth system.However,the existing reconfigurable-metasurface-based absorbers seriously limit the medium and long-distance regulation in practical application due to the complex circuit path and regulation mode.Here,an infrared-coded dual-polarized metasurface absorber(IDMA)with remote-control mode was proposed,which realized the realtime dynamic regulation of the intensity and frequency range of absorption peaks by combining the infrared-coding remotecontrol technology with the active metasurface absorber.The proposed remote-control system can switch the 8-bit binary coding sequences stored in the microcontroller unit(MCU)by an infrared transceiver,so as to regulate the state of active devices under X-and Y-polarizations,respectively.The experimental results showed that the reflection/absorption responses can be regulated by switching different binary codes,and the reflection loss(RL)can be tuned below−7.5 dB(absorptivity over 82%)in wide range of 6.20–18 GHz.Furthermore,the corresponding equivalent circuit model was established and the distributions of surface current and electric field were analyzed to elucidate the dynamic reconfigurable mechanism of the metasurface absorber.The proposed IDMA,which combines intelligent electronic technology with active metasurface absorber,creatively realizes the remote control of active metasurface absorber and opens up a new way for the stealth technology of smart absorber in the future.