Screening of nanobody against Microcystis from a human phage display nanobody library

Microcystis species identification is essential for ecological studies and water bloom control.Immunoassays are more specific and convenient and several approaches have been used to develop for diagnosing harmful red tide algae.Howeve r,inve stigations onMicrocystis identification using immunological approaches are still in the initial stage.In this study.Microcystis aeruginosa PCC7806 lysates were utilized as coated antigens to enrich and screen specific Microcystis nanobodies from a human domain antibody display library.After three rounds of enrichment,10 positive monoclonal particles were isolated from the library and the most two positive nanobodies(DAb2 and Dab3)were effectively produced in Escherichia coli BL21.Finally,the DAb2 showed specific immune binding to different Microcystis by the immuno-dot blot assay.This antibody could be used to establish an immunological method to identify Microcystis.

Clinical Application Value and Satisfaction Analysis of Physical Therapy in rehabilitation treatment of cervical spondylosis

Objective:To analyze the clinical value and nursing satisfaction of physical therapy in the rehabilitation of patients with cervical spondylosis.Methods:From November 2019 to November 2020,84 patients with cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into two groups.Group A was given physical therapy,while group B was not given physical therapy.The differences of curative effect,cervical function,quality of life score and nursing satisfaction between the two groups were analyzed.Results:The curative effect of group A was 97.62%higher than that of group B 83.33%,P<0.05;The score of cervical function in group A(8.09±1.75)was higher than that in group B(8.09±1.75),P<0.05;The scores of quality of life in group A were better than those in group B(P<0.05);The nursing satisfaction of group A was 95.24%,which was better than that of group B 78.57%,P<0.05.Conclusions:Physical therapy intervention for patients with cervical spondylosis can improve nursing satisfaction and cervical function,which can be widely used.

神经节苷脂对脑外伤大鼠大脑皮质Nogo-A表达的影响

目的:观察神经节苷脂(GM1)对脑外伤大鼠大脑皮质中Nogo-A表达的影响,探讨GM1促进脑外伤神经修复的可能机制。方法:采用SPF级SD大鼠100只,随机分为空白对照组(n=10)、假手术组(n=20)、损伤后生理盐水组(n=35)和损伤后GM1组(n=35)。通过HE染色观察各组大鼠脑组织不同时间点病理情况;用免疫组化的方法观察Nogo-A阳性细胞数量。结果:通过免疫组化的方法观察损伤后生理盐水组:Nogo-A阳性细胞在造模24时即明显升高,至72h时仍呈升高的趋势;GMl组:Nogo-A的阳性细胞数早期逐渐升高,至24h时数量最多,之后开始减少,应用GMl后,Nogo-A的阳性细胞数量的增加较为延后。结论:Nogo-A在颅脑损伤后其阳性细胞数量显著增高,抑制中枢神经损伤后的再生,神经节苷脂GM1在脑损伤后可部分抑制Nogo-A的表达,机制可能通过稳定细胞膜、减轻细胞水肿,从而发挥对实验性脑外伤大鼠的神经保护作用。

Evaluation of non-verbal cognitive function in infants with severe hearing impairment

BACKGROUND： The relationship between hearing impairment and verbal developmental deficits in infants has become a hotspot in research, focusing on improving hearing and promoting verbal development. However, language is only one element of cognition. There are other elements of non-verbal cognitive deficits in infants with hearing impairment. OBJECTIVE： This study was designed to compare the differences in gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and behavioral development between infants with severe hearing impairment and ordinary children of the same age. DESIGN： Case-control observation. SETTING： Department of Otolaryngology-Head Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital. PARTICIPANTS： Fifty-two infants with hearing impairment, who received treatment in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head Surgery, Bethune International Peace Hospital from February to December 2007, were confirmed to suffer from severe （or extremely severe） sensorineural deafness by auditory brain-stem response （ABR） and were recruited for this study. The infants comprised 30 males and 22 females. Among them, 18 were aged 0-1 year, 18 were aged 1-2 years, and 16 were aged 2-3 years. An additional 60 individuals, aged 0-3 years, who received developmental monitoring simultaneously, and were confirmed to have normal hearing and verbal ability, were included as controls. Among the control subjects, there were 31 males and 29 females： 20 were 〈 1 year of age, 22 were between 1-2 years of age, and 18 were between 2-3 years of age. Informed consent for laboratory measurements was obtained from each infant＇s guardian, and the study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. METHODS： Infant gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, and behavioral development were assessed in the hearing impairment and control infants. Comparison results were expressed as grading standards of development quotient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Developmental quotient of all subjects was determined using ＂psychometric test battery for 0-6 year-old infants＂, revised by Capital Institute of Pediatrics. Developmental quotient of each factor ≥ 130 points and 〈 69 points was defined as excellent and mentally disabled, respectively. RESULTS： All determination results were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in each factor between hearing-impaired and control infants, who were 1-year-old （P 〉 0.05）. The behavioral developmental quotient was significantly less in hearing-impaired infants compared to control infants, who were between 1 and 2 years of age （P 〈 0.05）. The development quotients of fine motor and behavioral development were significantly less in hearing-impaired infants than in control infants, who were 2 3 years of age （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Compared to control infants, severe hearing-impaired infants have a lower behavioral developmental quotient after 1 year and a lower fine motor developmental quotient after 2 years of age.

Comparing the performances of WRF QPF and PERSIANN-CCS QPEs in karst flood simulation and forecasting by coupling the Karst-Liuxihe model

Long-term rainfall data are crucial for flood simulations and forecasting in karst regions.However,in karst areas,there is often a lack of suitable precipitation data available to build distributed hydrological models to forecast karst floods.Quantitative precipitation forecasts(QPFs)and estimates(QPEs)could provide rational methods to acquire the available precipitation data for karst areas.Furthermore,coupling a physically based hydrological model with QPFs and QPEs could greatly enhance the performance and extend the lead time of flood forecasting in karst areas.This study served two main purposes.One purpose was to compare the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)QPFs with that of the Precipitation Estimations through Remotely Sensed Information based on the Artificial Neural Network-Cloud Classification System(PERSIANN-CCS)QPEs in rainfall forecasting in karst river basins.The other purpose was to test the feasibility and effective application of karst flood simulation and forecasting by coupling the WRF and PERSIANN models with the Karst-Liuxihe model.The rainfall forecasting results showed that the precipitation distributions of the 2 weather models were very similar to the observed rainfall results.However,the precipitation amounts forecasted by WRF QPF were larger than those measured by the rain gauges,while the quantities forecasted by the PERSIANN-CCS QPEs were smaller.A postprocessing algorithm was proposed in this paper to correct the rainfall estimates produced by the two weather models.The flood simulations achieved based on the postprocessed WRF QPF and PERSIANN-CCS QPEs coupled with the Karst-Liuxihe model were much improved over previous results.In particular,coupling the postprocessed WRF QPF with the Karst-Liuxihe model could greatly extend the lead time of flood forecasting,and a maximum lead time of 96 h is adequate for flood warnings and emergency responses,which is extremely important in flood simulations and forecasting.

植物根际促生菌Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1铁载体分泌相关功能基因的挖掘

【目的】为挖掘优良促生菌(PGPR)菌株,分析和定位功能基因,发现其科学价值和工业化开发,为农业生产服务。【方法】以Bacillus mycoides Gnyt1菌株为材料,采用二代和三代测序技术相结合的研究体系,对菌株进行全基因组测序研究,分析菌株核基因组可能存在的功能基因和菌株分泌铁载体相关的基因。【结果】本研究基因组序列拼接后总长度为5597907 bp,GC百分含量为35.57%,该菌株中与铁载体分泌相关的基因共9条,其中2条基因主要存在于Porphyrin metabolism途径,与细胞内铁的运输代谢有关。【结论】通过全基因组测序,最终确定了与铁载体分泌相关的功能基因为GYT1和GYT2,为下一步基因功能验证奠定了基础。

Wolbachia enhances expression of NICYP4CE1 in Nilaparvata lugens in response to imidacloprid stress

The brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens,is one of the main insect pests of rice.The N.lugens gene NICYP4CE1 encodes cytochrome P450 monooxygenase(P450),which is a key enzyme in the metabolism of the insecticide imidacloprid.Previous research has suggested that the expression of NICYP4CEI is induced by imidacloprid stress,but the effect of bacterial symbionts on its expression has not been determined.The results of this study show that exposure to subtoxic imidacloprid changed the structure of the bacterial symbiont community in N.lugens.Specifically,the total bacterial content increased but the bacterial species diversity significantly decreased.Wolbachia accounted for the largest proportion of bacteria in N.lugens;its abundance significantly increased after subtoxic imidacloprid exposure.The transcript level of NICYP4CEI was significantly increased by imidacloprid,but this effect was significantly weakened after Wolbachia was cleared with tetracycline.This result suggests that Wolbachia enhances the expression of N1CYP4CE1 to promote the detoxification metabolic response to imidacloprid stress.Understanding the effect of bacterial symbionts on gene expression in the host provides a new perspective on interactions between insecticides and their target insect pests,and highlights that subtoxic imidacloprid exposure may raise the risk of insecticide resistance by altering the structure of bacterial symbiont communities.

miRNAs targeting CYP6ER1 and CarE1 are involved in nitenpyram resistance in Nilaparvata lugens

The evolution of nitenpyram resistance has been confirmed to be related to overexpression of two key metabolic enzyme genes, CYP6ER1 and CarE1, in Nilaparvata lugens, a highly destructive rice pest that causes substantial economic losses and has developed insecticide resistance. As microRNAs (miRNAs) are important post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, whether they are involved in nitenpyram resistance is poorly understood in N. lugens. In this study, knockdown of key genes in the miRNA biogenesis pathway (Dicer1, Drosha, and Argonaute1) changed CYP6ER1 and CarE1 abundance, which confirmed the importance of miRNAs in nitenpyram resistance. Furthermore, global screening of miRNAs associated with nitenpyram resistance in N. lugens was performed, and a total of 42 known and 178 novel miRNAs were identified;of these, 57 were differentially expressed between the susceptible and resistant strains, and two (novel_85 and novel_191) were predicted to target CYP6ER1 and CarE1, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that novel_85 and novel_191 bind to the CYP6ER1 and CarE1 coding regions, respectively, and downregulate their expression. Moreover, modulating novel_85 and novel_191 expression by injection of miRNA inhibitors and mimics significantly altered N. lugens nitenpyram susceptibility. This is the first study to systematically screen and identify miRNAs associated with N. lugens nitenpyram resistance, and provides important information that can be used to develop new miRNA-based targets in insecticide resistance management.

Carboxylesterase genes in nitenpyram-resistant brown planthoppers,Nilaparvata lugens

Carboxylesterases(CarEs)represent one of the major detoxification enzyme families involved in insecticide resistance.However,the function of specific CarE genes in insecticide resistance is still unclear in the insect Nilaparvata lugens(Stål),a notorious rice crop pest in Asia.In this study,a total of 29 putative CarE genes in N.lugens were identified,and they were divided into seven clades;further,theβ-esterase clade was significantly expanded.Tissue-specific expression analysis found that 17 CarE genes were abundantly distributed in the midgut and fat body,while 12 CarE genes were highly expressed in the head.The expression of most CarE genes was significantly induced in response to the challenge of nitenpyram,triflumezopyrim,chlorpyrifos,isoprocarb and etofenprox.Among these,the expression levels of NlCarE2,NlCarE4,NlCarE9,NlCarE17 and NlCarE24 were increased by each insecticide.Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNA interference assays revealed the NlCarE1 gene to be a candidate gene mainly involved in nitenpyram resistance,while simultaneously silencing NlCarE1 and NlCarE19 produced a stronger effect than silencing either one individually,suggesting a cooperative relationship in resistance formation.These findings lay the foundation for further clarification of insecticide resistance mediated by CarE in N.lugens.

Power transformer fault diagnosis considering data imbalance and data set fusion

Improving the accuracy of transformer dissolved gas analysis is always an important demand for power companies.However,the requirement for large numbers of fault samples becomes an obstacle to this demand.This article creatively uses a large number of health data,which is much easier to obtain by power companies,to improve diagnosis accuracy.Comprehensive investigations from the view of both data set and methodology to deal with this problem are presented.A data set consists of 9595 health samples and 993 fault samples is used for analysis.The characteristics of the data set and the influence of the health data on diagnostic accuracy are discussed.The performance of many state‐of‐art algorithms that handle the imbalanced prob-lem is evaluated.Meanwhile,an efficient fault diagnosis algorithm named self‐paced ensemble(SPE)is presented.In SPE,classification hardness is proposed to include the data characteristic in the classification.This method can guarantee the diversity of the data set and keep high performance.According to the experiment results,the superior of SPE is confirmed and also proves that involving more health samples can improve transformer diagnosis when fault data are limited.

Effect of OH^- on fluorescence properties in 1.5-1.6 μm for Er:Yb:YCOB crystal

FTIR absorption spectra indicate that H^+can easily enter the crystal structure and form OH^-centers in Er:Yb:YCOB and O-H bonds prefer to lie in the a-c plane.Within our current studied concentration level,crystal samples with higher OH-abso rption coefficie nts demonstrate stro nger fluo rescence intensity and longer fluorescence lifetime at 1535 nm.As the stretching vibration energy of OH-group approximately corresponds to the energy gap between the 4 I11/2 and 4 I13/2 levels of Er^3+,and thus,OH^-ions can shorten the fluorescence lifetime of Er^3+-4I11/2 level by the phonon-assisted cross-relaxation process between the Er^3+and OH-ions.Our curre nt results confirm that a certain conte nt of OH ions can enhance the ene rgy transfer process from Yb^3+to Er^3+and subsequently promote fluorescence output in 1.5-1.6μm.

Insights into simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of antimonite[Sb(III)]by crawfish shell-derived biochar:spectroscopic investigation and theoretical calculations

Removal of antimonite[Sb(Ⅲ)]from the aquatic environment and reducing its biotoxicity is urgently needed to safeguard environmental and human health.Herein,crawfish shell-derived biochars(CSB),pyrolyzed at 350,500,and 650℃,were used to remediate Sb(Ⅲ)in aqueous solutions.The adsorption data best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models.Biochar produced at 350℃(CSB350)showed the highest adsorption capacity(27.7 mg g^(−1)),and the maximum 78%oxidative conversion of Sb(Ⅲ)to Sb(V).The adsorption results complemented with infrared(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron(XPS),and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS)spectroscopy analyses indicated that the adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ)on CSB involved electrostatic interaction,surface complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups(C=O,O=C-O),π-πcoordination with aromatic C=C and C-H groups,and H-bonding with-OH group.Density functional theory calculations verified that surface complexation was the most dominant adsorption mechanism,whilstπ-πcoordination and H-bonding played a secondary role.Furthermore,electron spin resonance(ESR)and mediated electrochemical reduction/oxidation(MER/MEO)analyses confirmed that Sb(Ⅲ)oxidation at the biochar surface was governed by persistent free radicals(PFRs)(•O_(2)^(−)and•OH)and the electron donating/accepting capacity(EDC/EAC)of biochar.The abundance of preferable surface functional groups,high concentration of PFRs,and high EDC conferred CSB350 the property of an optimal adsorbent/oxidant for Sb(Ⅲ)removal from water.The encouraging results of this study call for future trials to apply suitable biochar for removing Sb(Ⅲ)from wastewater at pilot scale and optimize the process.