Gene Rearrangement Analysis of Orbital Lymphoid Infiltrating Disorders

Purpose:To determine whether the use of polymerase chain reaction for B-cell gene rearrangement in patients with orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders could be useful in the diagnosis of lymphoma,especially,in differentiating benign lesion from malignant one.Methods:In addition to clinical,pathological,and immunohistochemical evaluations,48 cases of orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders were examined for immunoglobulin heavy(IgH)gene rearrangement by means of PCRto amplify the FR3region with formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues.Results:Gene rearrangement in the third frame-work of the IgH region was detected in specimens obtained from15cases of malignant lymphoma,4of reactive lymphoid hyperplasia and3of orbital pseudotumor.All of these patients showed a discrete band(100bp)which reflected monoclonal proliferation of B lymphocytes.5cases of malignant lymphoma,6ofreactive lymphoid hyperplasia and 15of orbital pseudotumor did not show a discrete band on PCR.Conclusions:The FR3 region gene rearrangement of Ig heavy in patients with orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders may be an additional diagnostic tool in differentiating benign from malignant lymphoid diseases and in offering a useful adjunct for diagnosis in difficult or unclear cases.It is a reliable and practical method of gene diagnosis in orbital lymphoid infiltrate disorders and helps to identify the molecular mechanism of malignant lymhoma.Eye Science2000;16:15-21.

Preservation and Observation of Anterior Ciliary Vessels in Rectus Muscles during Strabismus Surgery

Purpose:To observe the form and number of the anterior ciliary vessels(ACV)in rectus muscles.To train technician in preservation an d obsevation of ACV,so preservation can be done in caes with a rish of anterior segment ischemia(ASI).Methods:Curved foreign knife,iris hook,plastic rubber band and standard operat-ing loupes(3x)or microscope were used in the surgery on 34cases of comitant strabismus and 18cases of paralytic strabismus.Results:The ACVs per muscle in medial,lateral,superior,inferior rectus were3.08,3.26,3.50and3.50respectively in 89muscles of 52surgical strabismus cas-es.All ACVs in 16rectus muscles and 90out of 220ACVs in 73rectus muscles were too small ortoo short to be dissected.The sucess rate of ACV preservation was91.5%(119/130).105out of 130vessels were saved using loupe magnifica-tion and 14pit pf130vessels were saved under operating microscope.Conclusions:The number of ACVinrectus muscles are more than 2in our obser-vation cases.The ACVpreservation has the clinical value of allowing us toper-form muscle sugery on three or more rectus muscles simultaneously and get fonal surgical results more earlier after acv in each muscle are dissected and preserved otherwinse staged surgery are needed.The each strabismus surgeon must knov this technique.

Characteristics of Crack Growth in High Performance Concrete Subjected to Fire

An experimental investigation was conducted to identify the characteristics of crack growth in high performance concrete (HPC) subjected to fire, including two parts of work, i.e. crack growth resistance determinations and cracking observations, using concrete of three strength grades 40 MPa, 70 MPa, and 110 MPa. The crack growth resistance curves (R-curves ) of HPC subjected to high temperatures were determined using notched three-point bend beam specimens of 100 mm×100 mm×300mm. The R-curve (crack growth resistance curve) flattening shows that the crack growth resistance has been significantly reduced by elevated temperature. Concrete with a higher strength grade has a steeper R-curve, with a higher fracture toughness but a shorter critical crack growth. The shorter critical crack growth means that concrete of a higher strength grade has a more brittle behavior. The concrete cracking observations reveal that the consequences of rapid heating are quite different from those of slow heating. For slow heating at a rate of 0.5℃/min, HPC suffered no obvious cracking below 600℃ even if it had a high moisture content. Explosive spalling is an extreme case of the internal cracking driven mainly by vapor pressure. All these results confirmed the vapor pressure mechanism for spading behavior which should be more significant for denser concrete. The crack growth ranges obtained from the R-curve determination results are in good agreement with those measured in the concrete cracking observations.