At present,a life-cycle assessment of energy storage systems(ESSs)is not widely available in the literature.Such an assessment is increasingly vital nowadays as ESS is recognized as one of the important equipment in p...At present,a life-cycle assessment of energy storage systems(ESSs)is not widely available in the literature.Such an assessment is increasingly vital nowadays as ESS is recognized as one of the important equipment in power systems to reduce peak demands for deferring or avoiding augmentation in the network and power generation.As the battery cost is still very high at present,a comprehensive assessment is necessary to determine the optimum ESS capacity so that the maximum financial gain is achievable at the end of the batteries’lifespan.Therefore,an effective life-cycle assessment is proposed in this paper to show how the optimum ESS capacity can be determined such that the maximum net financial gain is achievable at the end of the batteries’lifespan when ESS is used to perform peak demand reductions for the customer or utility companies.The findings reveal the positive financial viability of ESS on the power grid,otherwise the projection of the financial viability is often seemingly poor due to the high battery cost with a short battery lifespan.An improved battery degradation model is used in this assessment,which can simulate the battery degradation accurately in a situation whereby the charging current,discharging current,and temperature of the batteries are intermittent on a site during peak demand reductions.This assessment is crucial to determine the maximum financial benefits brought by ESS.展开更多
In this paper, building to grid(B2G) and vehicle to grid(V2G) have been defined with clear and practical understanding. Both of them are new generation technologies which are the essential part of smart city living an...In this paper, building to grid(B2G) and vehicle to grid(V2G) have been defined with clear and practical understanding. Both of them are new generation technologies which are the essential part of smart city living and crowd energy clustering. Firstly, an in-detailed overview has been provided with an introduction to B2G and V2G followed by a historical overview and theoretical analysis in respect to smart city planning. Next, a review is conducted on current and previous smart living research, which deals with B2G and V2G. Efficient B2G and V2G implementations in practical cases then have been discussed. Lastly, both of these technical prospects have been analyzed in crowd energy diagram.展开更多
This paper proposes a technique to mitigate the voltage unbalance issue caused by the high penetration of photovoltaic （PV） systems into the low voltage distribution networks （LVDN） using a single phase energy sto...This paper proposes a technique to mitigate the voltage unbalance issue caused by the high penetration of photovoltaic （PV） systems into the low voltage distribution networks （LVDN） using a single phase energy storage system （ESS）. The ESS comprises a hi-directional power flow inverter and a battery bank. The system is capable of absorbing the excess power and delivering power to the network in order to keep the voltage unbalance factor （VUF） below the statutory limit of 1%. Investigations are carried out in the experimental small-scale energy zone （SSEZ）. The experimental results demonstrate that the ESS is capable of mitigating the VUF of the network.展开更多
文摘At present,a life-cycle assessment of energy storage systems(ESSs)is not widely available in the literature.Such an assessment is increasingly vital nowadays as ESS is recognized as one of the important equipment in power systems to reduce peak demands for deferring or avoiding augmentation in the network and power generation.As the battery cost is still very high at present,a comprehensive assessment is necessary to determine the optimum ESS capacity so that the maximum financial gain is achievable at the end of the batteries’lifespan.Therefore,an effective life-cycle assessment is proposed in this paper to show how the optimum ESS capacity can be determined such that the maximum net financial gain is achievable at the end of the batteries’lifespan when ESS is used to perform peak demand reductions for the customer or utility companies.The findings reveal the positive financial viability of ESS on the power grid,otherwise the projection of the financial viability is often seemingly poor due to the high battery cost with a short battery lifespan.An improved battery degradation model is used in this assessment,which can simulate the battery degradation accurately in a situation whereby the charging current,discharging current,and temperature of the batteries are intermittent on a site during peak demand reductions.This assessment is crucial to determine the maximum financial benefits brought by ESS.
文摘In this paper, building to grid(B2G) and vehicle to grid(V2G) have been defined with clear and practical understanding. Both of them are new generation technologies which are the essential part of smart city living and crowd energy clustering. Firstly, an in-detailed overview has been provided with an introduction to B2G and V2G followed by a historical overview and theoretical analysis in respect to smart city planning. Next, a review is conducted on current and previous smart living research, which deals with B2G and V2G. Efficient B2G and V2G implementations in practical cases then have been discussed. Lastly, both of these technical prospects have been analyzed in crowd energy diagram.
基金supported in part by the Ministry of Science,Technology and Innovation in Malaysia under the Brain Gain Programme under Grant No. MOSTI/BGM/ R&D/15
文摘This paper proposes a technique to mitigate the voltage unbalance issue caused by the high penetration of photovoltaic （PV） systems into the low voltage distribution networks （LVDN） using a single phase energy storage system （ESS）. The ESS comprises a hi-directional power flow inverter and a battery bank. The system is capable of absorbing the excess power and delivering power to the network in order to keep the voltage unbalance factor （VUF） below the statutory limit of 1%. Investigations are carried out in the experimental small-scale energy zone （SSEZ）. The experimental results demonstrate that the ESS is capable of mitigating the VUF of the network.
