Highly efficient semiconductor modules making controllable parallel microchannels for non-compressible hemorrhages

Nature makes the most beautiful solution to involuted problems.Among them,the parallel tubular structures are capable of transporting fluid quickly in plant trunks and leaf stems,which demonstrate an ingenious evolutionary design.This study develops a mini-thermoelectric semiconductor P-N module to create gradient and parallel channeled hydrogels.The modules decrease quickly the temperature of polymer solution from 20◦C to20◦C within 5 min.In addition to the exceptional liquid absorption rate,the foams exhibited shape memory mechanics.Our mini device universally makes the inspired structure in such as chitosan,gelatin,alginate and polyvinyl alcohol.Non-compressible hemorrhages are the primary cause of death in emergency.The rapid liquid absorption leads to fast activation of coagulation,which provides an efficient strategy for hemostasis management.We demonstrated this by using our semiconductor modules on collagen-kaolin parallel channel foams with their high porosity(96.43%)and rapid expansion rate(2934%).They absorb liquid with 37.25 times of the own weight,show 46.5-fold liquid absorption speed and 24-fold of blood compared with random porous foams.These superior properties lead to strong hemostatic performance in vitro and in vivo.

农田节肢动物不同取样方法的综合比较

农田节肢动物多样性具有病虫害控制、传粉等价值,选择一种或多种适宜、准确且高效的取样方法和指示类群来衡量农田节肢动物多样性是一项基础性工作。本文通过地表陷阱法、挂盆陷阱法、扫网法、目测计数法和吸虫器法在有机管理和常规管理农田区的不同农业生境类型中取样,比较不同方法对不同生物类群的捕获效率、经济成本、响应敏感性等。研究发现在捕获效率方面,地陷法和挂盆法最高,其次是扫网法,而吸虫器法和目测计数法较差。挂盆法对步甲、蜘蛛、蜂类和瓢虫类群的捕获效率较佳。陷阱法主要适用于蜘蛛和步甲的取样,扫网法也可用于蜘蛛和瓢虫的取样。在经济成本方面,地陷法的成本最低,扫网法的总成本最高。每种取样方法下仅有个别类群个体数量具有较好的响应敏感性,如地陷法的蜘蛛目个体数和步甲科个体数、挂盆法的总个体数、蜂类个体数和瓢虫科个体数、扫网法的直翅目个体数和半翅目个体数等。在此基础上,综合类群经济价值,操作难易,类群鉴定难度,被动取样程度,是否受取样人影响等比较发现:地陷法对步甲和蜘蛛的取样的综合效果最佳,而不同取样方法下多种类群的组合能更好地监测和评价农田节肢动物多样性的整体情况。地陷法捕获步甲或/和蜘蛛以及挂盆法调查蜂类的组合是基于本研究得出的调查农田节肢动物多样性的最佳组合。