目的探索影响男护士心理幸福感的环境因素和个人因素,以及护理实践环境影响男护士工作投入的心理机制,从而为临床护理管理者制订措施提供一定的参考。方法采用护理实践环境指数量表(Nursing Work Index-Practice Environment Scale,NWI-...目的探索影响男护士心理幸福感的环境因素和个人因素,以及护理实践环境影响男护士工作投入的心理机制,从而为临床护理管理者制订措施提供一定的参考。方法采用护理实践环境指数量表(Nursing Work Index-Practice Environment Scale,NWI-PES)、心理资本问卷(Psychological Capital Questionnaire,PCQ-24)以及工作投入量表(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale,UWES)对中国长沙市3所三级甲等医院的161名男护士进行调查。结果男护士护理实践环境得分为(2.88±0.31)分、心理资本得分为(4.42±0.62)分,工作投入得分为(3.17±1.39)分,均处于中等以上水平。其中,3个量表中得分最低的维度分别为:护理人力资源充足(2.72±0.48)分、希望(4.33±0.72)分以及奉献(2.96±1.61)分。护理实践环境和心理资本都能够正向预测男护士的工作投入,男护士心理资本在护理实践环境和工作投入之间起完全中介作用。结论改善护理实践环境能够通过增加男护士的心理资本来增加其工作投入。护理管理者可以通过提供合理的工作量,和男护士一起制订工作目标等途径来增加他们的希望水平。展开更多
Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),have emerged as important regulators of the immune system and are involved in the control of immune cell biol...Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),have emerged as important regulators of the immune system and are involved in the control of immune cell biology,disease pathogenesis,as well as vaccine responses.A repository of ncRNA-immune associations will facilitate our understanding of ncRNA-dependent mechanisms in the immune system and advance the development of therapeutics and prevention for immune disorders.Here,we describe a comprehensive database,RNA2Immune,which aims to provide a high-quality resource of experimentally supported database linking ncRNA regulatory mechanisms to immune cell function,immune disease,cancer immunology,and vaccines.The current version of RNA2Immune documents 50,433 immune-ncRNA associations in 42 host species,including(1)6690 ncRNA associations with immune functions involving 31 immune cell types;(2)38,672 ncRNA associations with 348 immune diseases;(3)4833 ncRNA associations with cancer immunology;and(4)238 ncRNA associations with vaccine responses involving 26 vaccine types targeting 22 diseases.RNA2Immune provides a user-friendly interface for browsing,searching,and downloading ncRNA-immune system associations.Collectively,RNA2Immune provides important information about how ncRNAs influence immune cell function,how dysregulation of these ncRNAs leads to pathological consequences(immune diseases and cancers),and how ncRNAs affect immune responses to vaccines.展开更多
Here,we developed a comprehensive web-searchable database,designated as Human RNA Modifications Disease Database(HRMDD,http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/HRMDD/home.jsp).RNA modification(RM)is an important mechanism of e...Here,we developed a comprehensive web-searchable database,designated as Human RNA Modifications Disease Database(HRMDD,http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/HRMDD/home.jsp).RNA modification(RM)is an important mechanism of epigenetic regulation.With the evolution of both experimental technologies and computational methods,major progress has been made in identifying the genomic locations and distributions of various RM types throughout the transcriptome.^(1)展开更多
Selective conversion of fructose to 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO)is considered as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to petroleum-based processes,however,this approach still faces challenges associated with low e...Selective conversion of fructose to 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO)is considered as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to petroleum-based processes,however,this approach still faces challenges associated with low efficiency and harsh reaction conditions.Here,we have successfully synthesized a novel bifunctional Ru-WO_(x)-MgO_(y) catalyst through a facile'one-pot'solvothermal method.Remarkably,this catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic performances in the conversion of fructose to 1,2-PDO under mild reaction conditions.The yield of 1,2-PDO is up to 56.2%at 140°C for 4 h under an ultra-low hydrogen pressure of only 0.2 MPa,surpassing the reported results in recent literature(below 51%).Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the presence of oxygen vacancies in the Ru-WO_(x)-MgO_(y) catalyst,serving as active acidic sites,facilitates the chemoselective cleavage of C-C bonds in fructose,which leads to the generation of active intermediates and ultimately resulted in the high yield of 1,2-PDO.展开更多
In this study, 44 profiles of gross primary productivity(GPP) and sunlight, along with water temperature, Chlorophyll-a(Chla) and nutrients, were observed in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake, China, in the spring, summer, a...In this study, 44 profiles of gross primary productivity(GPP) and sunlight, along with water temperature, Chlorophyll-a(Chla) and nutrients, were observed in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake, China, in the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Effects of water temperature, light,and nutrient concentration were examined in relation to the GPP-unit-Chla(GPP of algae per Chla). The results showed that the optimum temperature for the GPP of phytoplankton was 27.9°C, the optimal PNA-unit-Chla(photon number absorbed by phytoplankton per Chla) was 0.25(mol), and the HSCN-unit-Chla and HSCP-unit-Chla(half-saturation constants of nitrogen and phosphorus of algae per Chla) were 0.005(mg/L) and 0.0004(mg/L), respectively. The seasonal dependency of the effect of different factors on the GPP was analyzed. Compared with temperature and nutrients, light was found to be the most important factor affecting the GPP during the three seasons. The effect of temperature and nutrients on the GPP of phytoplankton has obvious seasonal change. In spring, temperature was the secondary factor affecting the GPP of phytoplankton, and the effect of nutrients may be negligible in the eutrophic lake on account of temperature limit, which showed that the GPP of algae was only affected by the physical process. In summer and fall, temperature didn't affect the GPP of algae, and the presence of nutrients was the secondary factor affecting the GPP of phytoplankton. From summer to fall, effect of phosphorus was weakened and effect of nitrogen was enhanced.展开更多
Objective This study aimed to summarize the characteristics and methodological quality of systematic reviews on the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods We systematical...Objective This study aimed to summarize the characteristics and methodological quality of systematic reviews on the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods We systematically searched seven English-and Chinese-language literature databases to identify sys-tematic reviews on the application of AI,deep learning,or machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of any disease published in 2020.We evaluated the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews using“A Measurement tool for the assessment of multiple systematic reviews”(AMSTAR).We also conducted meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of AI on selected disease categories with a large number of included studies and low clinical heterogeneity.Results A total of 40 systematic reviews reporting 1,083 original studies were included,covering 31 diseases from 11 groups of diseases.Eleven systematic reviews were related to neoplasms and nine were systematic reviews related to diseases of the digestive system.We selected digestive system diseases for the meta-analysis.The pooled sensitivities(with 95%confidence interval(CI))of AI to assist the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori,gastrointestinal ulcers,hemorrhage,esophageal tumors,gastric tumors,and intestinal tumors(with 95%CI)were 0.91(0.83-0.95),0.99(0.76-1.00),0.95(0.83-0.99),0.90(0.85-0.93),0.90(0.82-0.95),and 0.93(0.88-0.96),respectively,and the pooled specificities were 0.82(0.77-0.87),0.97(0.86-1.00),1.00(0.99-1.00),0.80(0.71-0.87),0.93(0.87-0.97),and 0.89(0.85-0.92),respectively.The AMSTAR items“the list of included studies”(n=39,97.5%)and“the characteristics of the included studies”(n=39,97.5%)had the highest compliance among the reviews;the compliance was relatively low to the items“the consideration of publication status”(n=1,2.5%),“the consideration of scientific quality”(n=19,47.5%),“data synthesis methods”(n=18,45.0%),and“the evaluation of publication bias”(n=13,32.5%).Conclusions The main subjects of systematic reviews on AI applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment pub-lished in 2020 were diseases of the digestive system and neoplasms.The methodological quality of the systematic reviews on AI needs to be improved,paying particular attention to publication bias and the rigorous evaluation of the quality of the included studies.展开更多
Structural coloration stemming from microstructure-induced light interference has been recognized as a promising surface colorizing technology,based on its potential in a wide array of applications,including high-defi...Structural coloration stemming from microstructure-induced light interference has been recognized as a promising surface colorizing technology,based on its potential in a wide array of applications,including high-definition displays,anti-counterfeiting,refractive index sensing,and photonic gas and vapor sensing.Vibration-assisted ultraprecision texturing using diamond tools has emerged as a high-efficiency and cost-effective machining method for colorizing metallic and ductile surfaces by creating near-wavelength microstructures.Although theoretically possible,it is extremely challenging to apply the vibration-assisted texturing technique directly to colorize non-metallic and brittle materials(e.g.,silicon and acrylic polymers)with high-quality,crack-free microstructures owing to the intrinsic brittleness of these materials.This study demonstrates the feasibility of direct texturing near-wavelength-scale gratings on brittle surfaces in the ductile regime to fabricate crack-free micro/nanostructures.The effects of tool vibration trajectories on the ductile-to-brittle transition phenomena were investigated to reveal the cutting mechanism of ductile-regime texturing and optimize the processing windows.Structural coloration on silicon and acrylic surfaces was successfully demonstrated by creating programmable and pixelated diffraction gratings with spacing values ranging from 0.75 to 4μm.展开更多
With concerns of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and environmental deterioration, great efforts have been made to explore novel approaches of efficiently utilizing bio-renewable feedstocks to produce chemicals and fu...With concerns of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and environmental deterioration, great efforts have been made to explore novel approaches of efficiently utilizing bio-renewable feedstocks to produce chemicals and fuels. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),generated from dehydration of six-carbon ketose, is regarded as a primary and versatile renewable building block to realize the goal of production of these high valued products from renewable biomass resources transformation. In this review, we summarize the recent advances via green routes in the heterogeneous reaction system for the catalytic production of HMF from glucose conversion, and emphasize reaction pathways of these reaction approaches based on the fundamental mechanistic chemistry as well as highlight the challenges(such as separation and purification of products, reusing and regeneration of catalyst, recycling solvent) in this field.展开更多
Objective Complete and transparent reporting is of critical importance for randomized controlled trials(RCTs).The present study aimed to determine the reporting quality and methodological quality of RCTs for intervent...Objective Complete and transparent reporting is of critical importance for randomized controlled trials(RCTs).The present study aimed to determine the reporting quality and methodological quality of RCTs for interventions involving artificial intelligence(AI)and their protocols.Methods We searched MEDLINE(via PubMed),Embase,Web of Science,CBMdisc,Wanfang Data,and CNKI from January 1,2016,to November 11,2020,to collect RCTs involving AI.We also extracted the protocol of each included RCT if it could be obtained.CONSORT-AI(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-Artificial Intelligence)statement and Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias(ROB)were used to evaluate the reporting quality and methodological quality,respectively,and SPIRIT-AI(The Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials-Artificial Intelligence)statement was used to evaluate the reporting quality of the protocols.The associations of the reporting rate of CONSORT-AI with the publication year,journal’s impact factor(IF),number of authors,sample size,and first author’s country were analyzed univariately using Pearson’s chi-squared test,or Fisher’s exact test if the expected values in any of the cells were below 5.The compliance of the retrieved protocols to SPIRIT-AI was presented descriptively.Results Overall,29 RCTs and three protocols were considered eligible.The CONSORT-AI items“title and abstract”and“interpretation of results”were reported by all RCTs,with the items with the lowest reporting rates being“funding”(0),“implementation”(3.5%),and“harms”(3.5%).The risk of bias was high in 13(44.8%)RCTs and not clear in 15(51.7%)RCTs.Only one RCT(3.5%)had a low risk of bias.The compliance was not significantly different in terms of the publication year,journal’s IF,number of authors,sample size,or first author’s country.Ten of the 35 SPIRIT-AI items(funding,participant timeline,allocation concealment mechanism,implementation,data management,auditing,declaration of interests,access to data,informed consent materials and biological specimens)were not reported by any of the three protocols.Conclusions The reporting and methodological quality of RCTs involving AI need to be improved.Because of the limited availability of protocols,their quality could not be fully judged.Following the CONSORT-AI and SPIRIT-AI statements and with appropriate guidance on the risk of bias when designing and reporting AI-related RCTs can promote standardization and transparency.展开更多
文摘目的探索影响男护士心理幸福感的环境因素和个人因素,以及护理实践环境影响男护士工作投入的心理机制,从而为临床护理管理者制订措施提供一定的参考。方法采用护理实践环境指数量表(Nursing Work Index-Practice Environment Scale,NWI-PES)、心理资本问卷(Psychological Capital Questionnaire,PCQ-24)以及工作投入量表(Utrecht Work Engagement Scale,UWES)对中国长沙市3所三级甲等医院的161名男护士进行调查。结果男护士护理实践环境得分为(2.88±0.31)分、心理资本得分为(4.42±0.62)分,工作投入得分为(3.17±1.39)分,均处于中等以上水平。其中,3个量表中得分最低的维度分别为:护理人力资源充足(2.72±0.48)分、希望(4.33±0.72)分以及奉献(2.96±1.61)分。护理实践环境和心理资本都能够正向预测男护士的工作投入,男护士心理资本在护理实践环境和工作投入之间起完全中介作用。结论改善护理实践环境能够通过增加男护士的心理资本来增加其工作投入。护理管理者可以通过提供合理的工作量,和男护士一起制订工作目标等途径来增加他们的希望水平。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.81820108014,82071407,81771361,32070672,and 81901277)the National Key R&D Project of China(Grant No.2018YFE0114400)the Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(Grant No.LBH-TZ1019).
文摘Non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),such as microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),have emerged as important regulators of the immune system and are involved in the control of immune cell biology,disease pathogenesis,as well as vaccine responses.A repository of ncRNA-immune associations will facilitate our understanding of ncRNA-dependent mechanisms in the immune system and advance the development of therapeutics and prevention for immune disorders.Here,we describe a comprehensive database,RNA2Immune,which aims to provide a high-quality resource of experimentally supported database linking ncRNA regulatory mechanisms to immune cell function,immune disease,cancer immunology,and vaccines.The current version of RNA2Immune documents 50,433 immune-ncRNA associations in 42 host species,including(1)6690 ncRNA associations with immune functions involving 31 immune cell types;(2)38,672 ncRNA associations with 348 immune diseases;(3)4833 ncRNA associations with cancer immunology;and(4)238 ncRNA associations with vaccine responses involving 26 vaccine types targeting 22 diseases.RNA2Immune provides a user-friendly interface for browsing,searching,and downloading ncRNA-immune system associations.Collectively,RNA2Immune provides important information about how ncRNAs influence immune cell function,how dysregulation of these ncRNAs leads to pathological consequences(immune diseases and cancers),and how ncRNAs affect immune responses to vaccines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.81820108014,82071407,82171396,32070672)National Key Research and Development Project(China)(No.2018YFE0114400)+1 种基金Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(China)(No.YQ2021H012)The Postdoctoral Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(China)(No.LBH-TZ1019).
文摘Here,we developed a comprehensive web-searchable database,designated as Human RNA Modifications Disease Database(HRMDD,http://bio-bigdata.hrbmu.edu.cn/HRMDD/home.jsp).RNA modification(RM)is an important mechanism of epigenetic regulation.With the evolution of both experimental technologies and computational methods,major progress has been made in identifying the genomic locations and distributions of various RM types throughout the transcriptome.^(1)
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0458)the State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control(2011DA105287-MS202203)+4 种基金the Joint Fund for Innovation and Development of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0030)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22168027 and 22308169)the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0741)the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105028)the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0572)。
文摘Selective conversion of fructose to 1,2-propanediol(1,2-PDO)is considered as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to petroleum-based processes,however,this approach still faces challenges associated with low efficiency and harsh reaction conditions.Here,we have successfully synthesized a novel bifunctional Ru-WO_(x)-MgO_(y) catalyst through a facile'one-pot'solvothermal method.Remarkably,this catalyst exhibits exceptional catalytic performances in the conversion of fructose to 1,2-PDO under mild reaction conditions.The yield of 1,2-PDO is up to 56.2%at 140°C for 4 h under an ultra-low hydrogen pressure of only 0.2 MPa,surpassing the reported results in recent literature(below 51%).Comprehensive characterizations and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that the presence of oxygen vacancies in the Ru-WO_(x)-MgO_(y) catalyst,serving as active acidic sites,facilitates the chemoselective cleavage of C-C bonds in fructose,which leads to the generation of active intermediates and ultimately resulted in the high yield of 1,2-PDO.
基金supported by the National Natrual Science Foundation of China (Nos.41371222,and 51609116)
文摘In this study, 44 profiles of gross primary productivity(GPP) and sunlight, along with water temperature, Chlorophyll-a(Chla) and nutrients, were observed in Meiliang Bay of Taihu Lake, China, in the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Effects of water temperature, light,and nutrient concentration were examined in relation to the GPP-unit-Chla(GPP of algae per Chla). The results showed that the optimum temperature for the GPP of phytoplankton was 27.9°C, the optimal PNA-unit-Chla(photon number absorbed by phytoplankton per Chla) was 0.25(mol), and the HSCN-unit-Chla and HSCP-unit-Chla(half-saturation constants of nitrogen and phosphorus of algae per Chla) were 0.005(mg/L) and 0.0004(mg/L), respectively. The seasonal dependency of the effect of different factors on the GPP was analyzed. Compared with temperature and nutrients, light was found to be the most important factor affecting the GPP during the three seasons. The effect of temperature and nutrients on the GPP of phytoplankton has obvious seasonal change. In spring, temperature was the secondary factor affecting the GPP of phytoplankton, and the effect of nutrients may be negligible in the eutrophic lake on account of temperature limit, which showed that the GPP of algae was only affected by the physical process. In summer and fall, temperature didn't affect the GPP of algae, and the presence of nutrients was the secondary factor affecting the GPP of phytoplankton. From summer to fall, effect of phosphorus was weakened and effect of nitrogen was enhanced.
文摘Objective This study aimed to summarize the characteristics and methodological quality of systematic reviews on the application of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods We systematically searched seven English-and Chinese-language literature databases to identify sys-tematic reviews on the application of AI,deep learning,or machine learning in the diagnosis and treatment of any disease published in 2020.We evaluated the methodological quality of the included systematic reviews using“A Measurement tool for the assessment of multiple systematic reviews”(AMSTAR).We also conducted meta-analyses on the diagnostic accuracy of AI on selected disease categories with a large number of included studies and low clinical heterogeneity.Results A total of 40 systematic reviews reporting 1,083 original studies were included,covering 31 diseases from 11 groups of diseases.Eleven systematic reviews were related to neoplasms and nine were systematic reviews related to diseases of the digestive system.We selected digestive system diseases for the meta-analysis.The pooled sensitivities(with 95%confidence interval(CI))of AI to assist the diagnosis of helicobacter pylori,gastrointestinal ulcers,hemorrhage,esophageal tumors,gastric tumors,and intestinal tumors(with 95%CI)were 0.91(0.83-0.95),0.99(0.76-1.00),0.95(0.83-0.99),0.90(0.85-0.93),0.90(0.82-0.95),and 0.93(0.88-0.96),respectively,and the pooled specificities were 0.82(0.77-0.87),0.97(0.86-1.00),1.00(0.99-1.00),0.80(0.71-0.87),0.93(0.87-0.97),and 0.89(0.85-0.92),respectively.The AMSTAR items“the list of included studies”(n=39,97.5%)and“the characteristics of the included studies”(n=39,97.5%)had the highest compliance among the reviews;the compliance was relatively low to the items“the consideration of publication status”(n=1,2.5%),“the consideration of scientific quality”(n=19,47.5%),“data synthesis methods”(n=18,45.0%),and“the evaluation of publication bias”(n=13,32.5%).Conclusions The main subjects of systematic reviews on AI applications in clinical diagnosis and treatment pub-lished in 2020 were diseases of the digestive system and neoplasms.The methodological quality of the systematic reviews on AI needs to be improved,paying particular attention to publication bias and the rigorous evaluation of the quality of the included studies.
基金Jianjian Wang would like to acknowledge the fellowship support received from the Alexander von Humboldt FoundationJianfu Zhang gratefully acknowledges the financial support for this research received from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51761145103)Yang Yang would like to acknowledge the financial support received from the Open Research Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Digital Manufacturing Equipment and Technology,China(Grant No.DMETKF2020011).
文摘Structural coloration stemming from microstructure-induced light interference has been recognized as a promising surface colorizing technology,based on its potential in a wide array of applications,including high-definition displays,anti-counterfeiting,refractive index sensing,and photonic gas and vapor sensing.Vibration-assisted ultraprecision texturing using diamond tools has emerged as a high-efficiency and cost-effective machining method for colorizing metallic and ductile surfaces by creating near-wavelength microstructures.Although theoretically possible,it is extremely challenging to apply the vibration-assisted texturing technique directly to colorize non-metallic and brittle materials(e.g.,silicon and acrylic polymers)with high-quality,crack-free microstructures owing to the intrinsic brittleness of these materials.This study demonstrates the feasibility of direct texturing near-wavelength-scale gratings on brittle surfaces in the ductile regime to fabricate crack-free micro/nanostructures.The effects of tool vibration trajectories on the ductile-to-brittle transition phenomena were investigated to reveal the cutting mechanism of ductile-regime texturing and optimize the processing windows.Structural coloration on silicon and acrylic surfaces was successfully demonstrated by creating programmable and pixelated diffraction gratings with spacing values ranging from 0.75 to 4μm.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(91545103,21273071,21403065)the Commission of Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipality(10dz2220500)
文摘With concerns of diminishing fossil fuel reserves and environmental deterioration, great efforts have been made to explore novel approaches of efficiently utilizing bio-renewable feedstocks to produce chemicals and fuels. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),generated from dehydration of six-carbon ketose, is regarded as a primary and versatile renewable building block to realize the goal of production of these high valued products from renewable biomass resources transformation. In this review, we summarize the recent advances via green routes in the heterogeneous reaction system for the catalytic production of HMF from glucose conversion, and emphasize reaction pathways of these reaction approaches based on the fundamental mechanistic chemistry as well as highlight the challenges(such as separation and purification of products, reusing and regeneration of catalyst, recycling solvent) in this field.
文摘Objective Complete and transparent reporting is of critical importance for randomized controlled trials(RCTs).The present study aimed to determine the reporting quality and methodological quality of RCTs for interventions involving artificial intelligence(AI)and their protocols.Methods We searched MEDLINE(via PubMed),Embase,Web of Science,CBMdisc,Wanfang Data,and CNKI from January 1,2016,to November 11,2020,to collect RCTs involving AI.We also extracted the protocol of each included RCT if it could be obtained.CONSORT-AI(Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials-Artificial Intelligence)statement and Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias(ROB)were used to evaluate the reporting quality and methodological quality,respectively,and SPIRIT-AI(The Standard Protocol Items:Recommendations for Interventional Trials-Artificial Intelligence)statement was used to evaluate the reporting quality of the protocols.The associations of the reporting rate of CONSORT-AI with the publication year,journal’s impact factor(IF),number of authors,sample size,and first author’s country were analyzed univariately using Pearson’s chi-squared test,or Fisher’s exact test if the expected values in any of the cells were below 5.The compliance of the retrieved protocols to SPIRIT-AI was presented descriptively.Results Overall,29 RCTs and three protocols were considered eligible.The CONSORT-AI items“title and abstract”and“interpretation of results”were reported by all RCTs,with the items with the lowest reporting rates being“funding”(0),“implementation”(3.5%),and“harms”(3.5%).The risk of bias was high in 13(44.8%)RCTs and not clear in 15(51.7%)RCTs.Only one RCT(3.5%)had a low risk of bias.The compliance was not significantly different in terms of the publication year,journal’s IF,number of authors,sample size,or first author’s country.Ten of the 35 SPIRIT-AI items(funding,participant timeline,allocation concealment mechanism,implementation,data management,auditing,declaration of interests,access to data,informed consent materials and biological specimens)were not reported by any of the three protocols.Conclusions The reporting and methodological quality of RCTs involving AI need to be improved.Because of the limited availability of protocols,their quality could not be fully judged.Following the CONSORT-AI and SPIRIT-AI statements and with appropriate guidance on the risk of bias when designing and reporting AI-related RCTs can promote standardization and transparency.