Water use and access become a more and more important determinant of environmental equity and human development according to the view held by the UN [1]. Water scarcity is one of the major crises which has overarching...Water use and access become a more and more important determinant of environmental equity and human development according to the view held by the UN [1]. Water scarcity is one of the major crises which has overarching implications for other world problems especially poverty, hunger, ecosystem degradation, desertification, climate change, threatening world peace and security [2]. In the decades to come, freshwater consumed by human will get to a tipping point. Many projects and concepts have been proposed and implemented for several years to improve the effectiveness of using water. These research activities can be grouped as: desalination plants;water detention (like rainwater tanks for collection and reuse);wastewater reuse;dams and reservoirs. This paper summarized the characters of these water solutions. But these methods can’t provide enough fresh water due to limitations imposed by these methods as well as following industry and population’s development. To overcome these shortcomings, coastal reservoir strategy is proposed in the paper. This new strategy is technically feasible, environmentally sustainable and cost effective by demonstration and comparison.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the simple waves of a kind of two dimensional hyperbolic system of conservation laws,which can be obtained from the two dimensional relativistic membrane equation in Minkowski space.Using ...This paper is concerned with the simple waves of a kind of two dimensional hyperbolic system of conservation laws,which can be obtained from the two dimensional relativistic membrane equation in Minkowski space.Using wave decomposition method,we get that a flow adjacent to a nonconstant state can be a global simple wave.Furthermore,the flow is covered by three families of characteristics,in which the first family of characteristics is straight and the others are curved,which is different to the almost related results.展开更多
Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) as a popular cloud storage platform, benefiting from its scalable, reliable and low-cost storage capability.However it is mainly designed for batch processing of large files, it’...Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) as a popular cloud storage platform, benefiting from its scalable, reliable and low-cost storage capability.However it is mainly designed for batch processing of large files, it’s mean that small files cannot be efficiently handled by HDFS. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to store small files in HDFS. In our approach, file size need to be judged before uploading to HDFS. If the file size is less than the size of the block, all correlated small files will be merged into one single file and we will build index for each small file. Furthermore, prefetching and caching mechanism are used to improve the reading efficiency of small files. Meanwhile, for the new small files, we can execute appending operation on the basis of merged file. Contrasting to original HDFS, experimental results show that the storage efficiency of small files is improved.展开更多
Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological environment.Soil samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed f...Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological environment.Soil samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial activities.The potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental risks.For the near-surface samples(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution degrees.Combined microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity characteristics.Correlation analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(p<0.05).The microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal stress.Enzyme activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.展开更多
Heat exchange plays an important role in hydrodynamical systems,which is an interesting topic in theory and application.In this paper,the authors consider the global stability of steady supersonic Rayleigh flows for t...Heat exchange plays an important role in hydrodynamical systems,which is an interesting topic in theory and application.In this paper,the authors consider the global stability of steady supersonic Rayleigh flows for the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations with heat exchange,under the small perturbations of initial and boundary conditions in a finite rectilinear duct.展开更多
In fluid mechanics and astrophysics,relativistic Euler equations can be used to describe the effects of special relativity which are an extension of the classical Euler equations.In this paper,we will consider the ini...In fluid mechanics and astrophysics,relativistic Euler equations can be used to describe the effects of special relativity which are an extension of the classical Euler equations.In this paper,we will consider the initial value problem of relativistic Euler equations in an initial bounded region of R N.If the initial velocity satisfies max→x 0∈∂Ω(0)N∑i=1 v_(i)^(2)(0,→x 0)<c^(2)A_(1)/2,where A 1 is a positive constant depend on some sufficiently large T^(*),then we can get the non-global existence of the regular solution for the N-dimensional relativistic Euler equations.展开更多
Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly,and among DM patients,more than 90%have type 2 DM(T2DM).The etiology of T2DM is complex and associated with risk factors such as age,genetic dispo...Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly,and among DM patients,more than 90%have type 2 DM(T2DM).The etiology of T2DM is complex and associated with risk factors such as age,genetic disposition,and diet.The genetic factors underlying T2DM are currently the focus of intense research,and it has been established that the susceptibility genes associated with T2DM vary among different populations.A recent longitudinal exome-wide association study in the Japanese population has identified GGA3 as a susceptible locus for T2DM.1 GGA3 is one of the Golgi-localized-ear-containing ARF binding proteins(GGAs)that function widely in the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles and in endocytic trafficking pathways.However,although it is widely acknowledged that the control of glucose homeostasis via endocytosis and glucose metabolism plays a vital role in T2DM,the associations between intracellular trafficking and diabetes pathogenesis have not been sufficiently established.In this study,we used a Gga3 gene knockout mouse strain to investigate the potential involvement of GGA3 in controlling blood glucose.The study was approved by the ethics committee of Jining Medical University(No.2019-JS-005).Our results indicate that the GGA3 gene might play a protective role against diabetes.展开更多
Exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is regarded as the main reason for smoking-related car- diovascular disease. However, the detail mechanism of how sm...Exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is regarded as the main reason for smoking-related car- diovascular disease. However, the detail mechanism of how smoking promotes thrombosis is not fully under- stood. In this work, we investigated the impacts of one major cigarette carcinogens 4-（methylnitrosamino）-l-（3- pyridyl）-l-butanone （NNK） as well as its metabolite 4-（methylnitrosamino）- 1-（3-pyridyl）- 1-butanol （NNAL） on a key process in thrombosis regulation： thrombin- thrombomodulin （TM） binding. Atomic force microscopy based single-molecule force spectroscopy was applied to measure both in vitro and in vivo binding force of thrombin to TM in the absence and presence of NNK and NNAL respectively. The results revealed that NNK and NNAL can reduce the binding probability of TM and thrombin. The inhibition effect and underlying mechanism was further studied by molecular simulation. As indicated by our results, the cigarette carcinogens could cause a higher risk of thrombosis through the disruption of TM- thrombin interaction.展开更多
Peptoids(or poly-N-substituted glycines)are a promising class of bioinspired sequence-defined polymers due to their highly efficient synthesis,high chemical stability,enzyme hydrolysis resistance,and biocompatibility....Peptoids(or poly-N-substituted glycines)are a promising class of bioinspired sequence-defined polymers due to their highly efficient synthesis,high chemical stability,enzyme hydrolysis resistance,and biocompatibility.By tuning the side chain chemistry of peptoids,it allows for precise control over sequences and achieving a large side-chain diversity.Due to these unique features,in the last several years,many amphiphilic peptoids were designed as highly tunable building blocks for the preparation of biomimetic nanomaterials with well-defined hierarchical structures and desired functionalities.Herein,we provide an overview of the recent achievements in this area by dividing them into the following three aspects.First,mica-and silica-templated peptoid selfassembly are summarized.The presence of inorganic substrates provides the guarantee of investigating their selfassembly mechanisms and interactions between peptoids and substrates using nanoscale characterization techniques,particularly in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM)and AFMbased dynamic force spectroscopy(AFM-DFS).Second,solution-phase self-assembly of peptoids into nanotubes and nanosheets is presented,as well as their self-repair properties.Third,the applications of peptoid-based nanomaterials are outlined,including the construction of catalytic nanomaterials as a template and cytosolic delivery as cargoes.展开更多
The present paper is devoted to studying the initial-boundary value problem of a 1-D wave equation with a nonlinear memory: u_(tt) - u_(xx) = 1/ Γ(1 - γ) ∫_0~t (t - s)^(-γ)|u(s)|~pds. The blow up result will be es...The present paper is devoted to studying the initial-boundary value problem of a 1-D wave equation with a nonlinear memory: u_(tt) - u_(xx) = 1/ Γ(1 - γ) ∫_0~t (t - s)^(-γ)|u(s)|~pds. The blow up result will be established when p > 1 and 0 < γ < 1, no matter how small the initial data are, by introducing two test functions and a new functional.展开更多
The classical Ullmann C-S cross coupling reaction of aryl iodides with aromatic/alkyl thiols under catalysis of 15 mol%Cu(OAc)_(2)·H_(2)O and 15 mol%2,2'-biimidazole works at 80℃in DMSO for 3 h to provide a ...The classical Ullmann C-S cross coupling reaction of aryl iodides with aromatic/alkyl thiols under catalysis of 15 mol%Cu(OAc)_(2)·H_(2)O and 15 mol%2,2'-biimidazole works at 80℃in DMSO for 3 h to provide a variety of aryl sulfides in good to excellent yields.展开更多
文摘Water use and access become a more and more important determinant of environmental equity and human development according to the view held by the UN [1]. Water scarcity is one of the major crises which has overarching implications for other world problems especially poverty, hunger, ecosystem degradation, desertification, climate change, threatening world peace and security [2]. In the decades to come, freshwater consumed by human will get to a tipping point. Many projects and concepts have been proposed and implemented for several years to improve the effectiveness of using water. These research activities can be grouped as: desalination plants;water detention (like rainwater tanks for collection and reuse);wastewater reuse;dams and reservoirs. This paper summarized the characters of these water solutions. But these methods can’t provide enough fresh water due to limitations imposed by these methods as well as following industry and population’s development. To overcome these shortcomings, coastal reservoir strategy is proposed in the paper. This new strategy is technically feasible, environmentally sustainable and cost effective by demonstration and comparison.
文摘This paper is concerned with the simple waves of a kind of two dimensional hyperbolic system of conservation laws,which can be obtained from the two dimensional relativistic membrane equation in Minkowski space.Using wave decomposition method,we get that a flow adjacent to a nonconstant state can be a global simple wave.Furthermore,the flow is covered by three families of characteristics,in which the first family of characteristics is straight and the others are curved,which is different to the almost related results.
文摘Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) as a popular cloud storage platform, benefiting from its scalable, reliable and low-cost storage capability.However it is mainly designed for batch processing of large files, it’s mean that small files cannot be efficiently handled by HDFS. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to store small files in HDFS. In our approach, file size need to be judged before uploading to HDFS. If the file size is less than the size of the block, all correlated small files will be merged into one single file and we will build index for each small file. Furthermore, prefetching and caching mechanism are used to improve the reading efficiency of small files. Meanwhile, for the new small files, we can execute appending operation on the basis of merged file. Contrasting to original HDFS, experimental results show that the storage efficiency of small files is improved.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFC1803500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42230716)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42007289)the 111 Project(No.B21017)the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(No.CNRS PRC1416,France)the 1000-Talents Plan project(No.WQ2017110423)。
文摘Abandoned chemical smelting sites containing toxic substances can seriously threaten and pose a risk to the surrounding ecological environment.Soil samples were collected from different depths(0 to 13 m)and analyzed for metal(loid)s content and fractionation,as well as microbial activities.The potential ecological risk indices for the different soil depths(ordered from high to low)were:1 m(D-1)>surface(S-0)>5 m(D-5)>13 m(D-13)>9 m(D-9),ranging between 1840.65-13,089.62,and representing extremely high environmental risks,of which Cd(and probably not arsenic)contributed to the highest environmental risk.A modified combined pollution risk index(MCR)combining total content and mobile proportion of metal(loid)s,and relative toxicities,was used to evaluate the degree of contamination and potential environmental risks.For the near-surface samples(S-0 and D-1 layers),the MCR considered that As,Cd,Pb,Sb,and Zn achieved high and alarming degrees of contamination,whereas Fe,Mn,and Ti were negligible or low to moderate pollution degrees.Combined microcalorimetry and enzymatic activity measurements of contaminated soil samples were used to assess the microbial metabolic activity characteristics.Correlation analysis elucidated the relationship between metal(loid)s exchangeable fraction or content and microbial activity characteristics(p<0.05).The microbial metabolic activity in the D-1 layer was low presumably due to heavy metal stress.Enzyme activity indicators and microcalorimetric growth rate(k)measurements were considered sensitive indicators to reflect the soil microbial activities in abandoned chemical smelting sites.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.11771274)the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1419400)。
文摘Heat exchange plays an important role in hydrodynamical systems,which is an interesting topic in theory and application.In this paper,the authors consider the global stability of steady supersonic Rayleigh flows for the one-dimensional compressible Euler equations with heat exchange,under the small perturbations of initial and boundary conditions in a finite rectilinear duct.
基金partially supported by National Science Foundation of China(No.12171305)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(No.20ZR1419400)。
文摘In fluid mechanics and astrophysics,relativistic Euler equations can be used to describe the effects of special relativity which are an extension of the classical Euler equations.In this paper,we will consider the initial value problem of relativistic Euler equations in an initial bounded region of R N.If the initial velocity satisfies max→x 0∈∂Ω(0)N∑i=1 v_(i)^(2)(0,→x 0)<c^(2)A_(1)/2,where A 1 is a positive constant depend on some sufficiently large T^(*),then we can get the non-global existence of the regular solution for the N-dimensional relativistic Euler equations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31701247 to XL)the Supporting Fund for Teacher's Research of Jining Medical University(China)(No.JYFC2019JS001 to XZ).
文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM)is one of the most common diseases in the elderly,and among DM patients,more than 90%have type 2 DM(T2DM).The etiology of T2DM is complex and associated with risk factors such as age,genetic disposition,and diet.The genetic factors underlying T2DM are currently the focus of intense research,and it has been established that the susceptibility genes associated with T2DM vary among different populations.A recent longitudinal exome-wide association study in the Japanese population has identified GGA3 as a susceptible locus for T2DM.1 GGA3 is one of the Golgi-localized-ear-containing ARF binding proteins(GGAs)that function widely in the transport of Golgi-derived vesicles and in endocytic trafficking pathways.However,although it is widely acknowledged that the control of glucose homeostasis via endocytosis and glucose metabolism plays a vital role in T2DM,the associations between intracellular trafficking and diabetes pathogenesis have not been sufficiently established.In this study,we used a Gga3 gene knockout mouse strain to investigate the potential involvement of GGA3 in controlling blood glucose.The study was approved by the ethics committee of Jining Medical University(No.2019-JS-005).Our results indicate that the GGA3 gene might play a protective role against diabetes.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2013CB933701, 2013CB933704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (21127901)
文摘Exposure to cigarette smoke is a major risk factor for cancer and cardiovascular disease. Thrombosis is regarded as the main reason for smoking-related car- diovascular disease. However, the detail mechanism of how smoking promotes thrombosis is not fully under- stood. In this work, we investigated the impacts of one major cigarette carcinogens 4-（methylnitrosamino）-l-（3- pyridyl）-l-butanone （NNK） as well as its metabolite 4-（methylnitrosamino）- 1-（3-pyridyl）- 1-butanol （NNAL） on a key process in thrombosis regulation： thrombin- thrombomodulin （TM） binding. Atomic force microscopy based single-molecule force spectroscopy was applied to measure both in vitro and in vivo binding force of thrombin to TM in the absence and presence of NNK and NNAL respectively. The results revealed that NNK and NNAL can reduce the binding probability of TM and thrombin. The inhibition effect and underlying mechanism was further studied by molecular simulation. As indicated by our results, the cigarette carcinogens could cause a higher risk of thrombosis through the disruption of TM- thrombin interaction.
基金supported by the Startup Research Fund of Dongguan University of Technology(KCYKYQD2017015)the US Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,as part of the Energy Frontier Research Centers program:CSSAS—The Center for the Science of Synthesis Across Scales(DESC0019288)。
文摘Peptoids(or poly-N-substituted glycines)are a promising class of bioinspired sequence-defined polymers due to their highly efficient synthesis,high chemical stability,enzyme hydrolysis resistance,and biocompatibility.By tuning the side chain chemistry of peptoids,it allows for precise control over sequences and achieving a large side-chain diversity.Due to these unique features,in the last several years,many amphiphilic peptoids were designed as highly tunable building blocks for the preparation of biomimetic nanomaterials with well-defined hierarchical structures and desired functionalities.Herein,we provide an overview of the recent achievements in this area by dividing them into the following three aspects.First,mica-and silica-templated peptoid selfassembly are summarized.The presence of inorganic substrates provides the guarantee of investigating their selfassembly mechanisms and interactions between peptoids and substrates using nanoscale characterization techniques,particularly in situ atomic force microscopy(AFM)and AFMbased dynamic force spectroscopy(AFM-DFS).Second,solution-phase self-assembly of peptoids into nanotubes and nanosheets is presented,as well as their self-repair properties.Third,the applications of peptoid-based nanomaterials are outlined,including the construction of catalytic nanomaterials as a template and cytosolic delivery as cargoes.
基金supported by the National Natural Sicence Foundation of China(Nos.11301489,11401367,11501273)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(Nos.LQ13A010013,LY14A010010)the Doctoral Fund of Ministry of Education of China(No.20133108120002)
文摘The present paper is devoted to studying the initial-boundary value problem of a 1-D wave equation with a nonlinear memory: u_(tt) - u_(xx) = 1/ Γ(1 - γ) ∫_0~t (t - s)^(-γ)|u(s)|~pds. The blow up result will be established when p > 1 and 0 < γ < 1, no matter how small the initial data are, by introducing two test functions and a new functional.
基金This work was supported by the Team Innovation Project of Soochow University.
文摘The classical Ullmann C-S cross coupling reaction of aryl iodides with aromatic/alkyl thiols under catalysis of 15 mol%Cu(OAc)_(2)·H_(2)O and 15 mol%2,2'-biimidazole works at 80℃in DMSO for 3 h to provide a variety of aryl sulfides in good to excellent yields.
