This paper is to extend the Poincar’e Lemma for differential forms in a bounded, convex domain [1] in Rn to a more general domain that, we call, is deformable to every point in itself. Then we extend the homotopy ope...This paper is to extend the Poincar’e Lemma for differential forms in a bounded, convex domain [1] in Rn to a more general domain that, we call, is deformable to every point in itself. Then we extend the homotopy operator T in [1] to the domain defromed to every point of itself.展开更多
The dolomite in dolomitic glutenite of the shahejie formation in the eastern steep slope of the Shijiutuo bulge in Bohai is a high-quality reservoir, and the content of dolomite is positively correlated with reservoir...The dolomite in dolomitic glutenite of the shahejie formation in the eastern steep slope of the Shijiutuo bulge in Bohai is a high-quality reservoir, and the content of dolomite is positively correlated with reservoir physical properties. In this paper, by using thin section, core, wall core, geochemical data and analyzing petrology and mineralogy characteristic, we systematically analyzed the paleogeographic environment and genetic mechanism of this kind of dolomite and established the genetic models. The dolomite in the glutenite body has many characteristics of development, which is formed by three kinds of genesis: quasi-synergy dolomitization, buried dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomitization. The dolomite in glutenite is produced in the form of matrix, grain (sandstone, oolith), biological skeleton (conch, ostracod), clastic shell and dolomite cement. The minor elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace minerals and paleontological combinations reveal that the paleogeographic environment was closed continental salt-brackish water bay, the climate was arid and hot, and the evaporation was strong. It provides favorable conditions for the production of the dolomite in dolomitic glutenite. There are three genetic models of dolomite. The first model is penecontemporaneous dolomitization. The climate was arid and hot, the aragonite and high-magnesium calcite deposited with sand and gravel. Due to the effect of evaporation, dolomitization occurred. The second model is buried dolomitization. The water from dehydration of clay minerals causes the Mg2+ in the high-magnesium formation migrating into the rock, leading to the occurrence of dolomitization. The third model is hydrothermal dolomitization. Deep faults can bring geothermal fluids into the overlying reservoir and form the hydrothermal dolomite.展开更多
Reservoir connectivity is a critical issue in the process of oil-gas exploration and development. According to the theory of fluid mechanics and the achievements of many scholars, a connected reservoir coincides with ...Reservoir connectivity is a critical issue in the process of oil-gas exploration and development. According to the theory of fluid mechanics and the achievements of many scholars, a connected reservoir coincides with a unified formation pressure system;there is a linear relationship between formation pressure and depth in normal pressure system reservoir. However, in high-permeability or multi-phase fluid reservoirs, this method has poor applicability and limitations. Through theoretical analysis and formula derivation, a new method for judging the connectivity of normal pressure reservoirs is found, that is, the inverse proportional function relationship between the pressure coefficient and the depth. In this paper, the relationship between the pressure system and the inverse proportional function has been verified. The function of the same pressure system is unique, monotonic, and has unified asymptote and symmetry axis and vice versa. Examples show that the inverse proportional function is more accurate and reliable for judging reservoir connectivity than the linear function.展开更多
The West Slope of SL Basin,China,mainly targets on lithologic reservoirs for oil and gas.The paleogeomorphology and provenance direction analysis has great significance for predicting the type and distribution of sand...The West Slope of SL Basin,China,mainly targets on lithologic reservoirs for oil and gas.The paleogeomorphology and provenance direction analysis has great significance for predicting the type and distribution of sand body.According to the analysis of well logging,core and seismic data,braided delta and gravity sediment mainly develop in the study area.A backs tripping method is used to reconstruct the topography of Qingshankou to Yaojia Formation,Cretaceous.The West Slope is mainly controlled by two slope belts in Qingshankou Formation,with the width of upper slope 12-18 km and the gradient 0.7-0.8 degrees,the width of lower slope 13-15 km and the gradient 1.0 degrees.The West Slope is controlled by a single slope belt in Yaojia Formation,with the lower slope width of 13-16 km and the gradient 0.4 degrees.The relationship between the slope belt,provenance direction and sand body distribution is analyzed,and result shows that the combination of upper and lower slope controls the distribution of reservoir types,and the provenance supply rate controls the scale of sand body.The gravity flow develops when the provenance direction is parallel to slope direction,and the slope becomes transporting channel in vertical to provenance direction.The paleogeomorphology,lake level and provenance direction are the main control factors of sand body in West Slope.展开更多
0.67BiFeO_(3)-0.33BaTiO_(3)multiferroic ceramics doped with x mol%MnO_(2)(x=2-10)were synthesized by solid-state reaction.The formation of a perovskite phase with rhombohedral symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffracti...0.67BiFeO_(3)-0.33BaTiO_(3)multiferroic ceramics doped with x mol%MnO_(2)(x=2-10)were synthesized by solid-state reaction.The formation of a perovskite phase with rhombohedral symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The average grain sizes were reduced from 0.80mm to 0.50mm as increasing the Mn-doped levels.Single crystalline nature of the grains was revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)images and electron diffraction patterns.Polar nano-sized ferroelectric domains with an average size of 9 nm randomly distributed in the ceramic samples were revealed by TEM images.Ferroelectric domain lamellae(71°ferroelectric domains)with an average width of 5 nm were also observed.Vibrational modes were examined by Raman spectra,where only four Raman peaks at 272 cm^(-1)(E-4 mode),496 cm^(-1)(A_(1)-4 mode),639 cm^(-1),and 1338 cm^(-1)were observed.The blue shifts in the E-4 and A_(1)-4 Raman mode frequencies were interpreted by a spring oscillator model.The dieletric constants of the present ceramics as a function of the Mn-doped levels exhibited a V-typed curve.They were in the range of 350-700 measured at 10^(3)Hz,and the corresponding dielectric losses were in range of 0.43-0.96,approaching to 0.09 at 10^(6)Hz.展开更多
文摘This paper is to extend the Poincar’e Lemma for differential forms in a bounded, convex domain [1] in Rn to a more general domain that, we call, is deformable to every point in itself. Then we extend the homotopy operator T in [1] to the domain defromed to every point of itself.
文摘The dolomite in dolomitic glutenite of the shahejie formation in the eastern steep slope of the Shijiutuo bulge in Bohai is a high-quality reservoir, and the content of dolomite is positively correlated with reservoir physical properties. In this paper, by using thin section, core, wall core, geochemical data and analyzing petrology and mineralogy characteristic, we systematically analyzed the paleogeographic environment and genetic mechanism of this kind of dolomite and established the genetic models. The dolomite in the glutenite body has many characteristics of development, which is formed by three kinds of genesis: quasi-synergy dolomitization, buried dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomitization. The dolomite in glutenite is produced in the form of matrix, grain (sandstone, oolith), biological skeleton (conch, ostracod), clastic shell and dolomite cement. The minor elements, carbon and oxygen isotopes, trace minerals and paleontological combinations reveal that the paleogeographic environment was closed continental salt-brackish water bay, the climate was arid and hot, and the evaporation was strong. It provides favorable conditions for the production of the dolomite in dolomitic glutenite. There are three genetic models of dolomite. The first model is penecontemporaneous dolomitization. The climate was arid and hot, the aragonite and high-magnesium calcite deposited with sand and gravel. Due to the effect of evaporation, dolomitization occurred. The second model is buried dolomitization. The water from dehydration of clay minerals causes the Mg2+ in the high-magnesium formation migrating into the rock, leading to the occurrence of dolomitization. The third model is hydrothermal dolomitization. Deep faults can bring geothermal fluids into the overlying reservoir and form the hydrothermal dolomite.
文摘Reservoir connectivity is a critical issue in the process of oil-gas exploration and development. According to the theory of fluid mechanics and the achievements of many scholars, a connected reservoir coincides with a unified formation pressure system;there is a linear relationship between formation pressure and depth in normal pressure system reservoir. However, in high-permeability or multi-phase fluid reservoirs, this method has poor applicability and limitations. Through theoretical analysis and formula derivation, a new method for judging the connectivity of normal pressure reservoirs is found, that is, the inverse proportional function relationship between the pressure coefficient and the depth. In this paper, the relationship between the pressure system and the inverse proportional function has been verified. The function of the same pressure system is unique, monotonic, and has unified asymptote and symmetry axis and vice versa. Examples show that the inverse proportional function is more accurate and reliable for judging reservoir connectivity than the linear function.
文摘The West Slope of SL Basin,China,mainly targets on lithologic reservoirs for oil and gas.The paleogeomorphology and provenance direction analysis has great significance for predicting the type and distribution of sand body.According to the analysis of well logging,core and seismic data,braided delta and gravity sediment mainly develop in the study area.A backs tripping method is used to reconstruct the topography of Qingshankou to Yaojia Formation,Cretaceous.The West Slope is mainly controlled by two slope belts in Qingshankou Formation,with the width of upper slope 12-18 km and the gradient 0.7-0.8 degrees,the width of lower slope 13-15 km and the gradient 1.0 degrees.The West Slope is controlled by a single slope belt in Yaojia Formation,with the lower slope width of 13-16 km and the gradient 0.4 degrees.The relationship between the slope belt,provenance direction and sand body distribution is analyzed,and result shows that the combination of upper and lower slope controls the distribution of reservoir types,and the provenance supply rate controls the scale of sand body.The gravity flow develops when the provenance direction is parallel to slope direction,and the slope becomes transporting channel in vertical to provenance direction.The paleogeomorphology,lake level and provenance direction are the main control factors of sand body in West Slope.
基金This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10874065,11174122 and 11134004)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2009CB929503 and 2012CB619400)key project from Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China(Grant No.2009ZX02101-4),and Analysis&Test Fund of Nanjing University.T.Al-Kassab acknowledges the generous support of the KAUST baseline funds.
文摘0.67BiFeO_(3)-0.33BaTiO_(3)multiferroic ceramics doped with x mol%MnO_(2)(x=2-10)were synthesized by solid-state reaction.The formation of a perovskite phase with rhombohedral symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD).The average grain sizes were reduced from 0.80mm to 0.50mm as increasing the Mn-doped levels.Single crystalline nature of the grains was revealed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)images and electron diffraction patterns.Polar nano-sized ferroelectric domains with an average size of 9 nm randomly distributed in the ceramic samples were revealed by TEM images.Ferroelectric domain lamellae(71°ferroelectric domains)with an average width of 5 nm were also observed.Vibrational modes were examined by Raman spectra,where only four Raman peaks at 272 cm^(-1)(E-4 mode),496 cm^(-1)(A_(1)-4 mode),639 cm^(-1),and 1338 cm^(-1)were observed.The blue shifts in the E-4 and A_(1)-4 Raman mode frequencies were interpreted by a spring oscillator model.The dieletric constants of the present ceramics as a function of the Mn-doped levels exhibited a V-typed curve.They were in the range of 350-700 measured at 10^(3)Hz,and the corresponding dielectric losses were in range of 0.43-0.96,approaching to 0.09 at 10^(6)Hz.
