Effects of Common Mineral Trace Elements on Immune Function of Livestock and Poultry

The effects of zinc(Zn), iron(Fe), selenium(Se), copper(Cu), manganese(Mn), chromium(Cr) and germanium(Ge) on immune function of livestock and poultry are discussed, in order to provide the reference for safe and reasonable use of trace elements.

Preparation and bioactivity of sol-gel macroporous bioactive glass

Bioactive glass is well known for its ability of bone regeneration, and sol-gel bioactive glass has many advantages compared with melt-derived bioactive glass. 3-D scaffold prepared by the sol-gel method is a promising substrate material for bone tissue engineering and large-scale bone repair. Porous sol-gel glass in the CaO-SiO2-P205 system with macropores larger than 100 μm was prepared by the addition of stearic acid as a pore former. The diameter of the pore created by the pore former varied from 100 to 300 μm. The formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the glass was analyzed by studying the surface of the porous glass by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectra after they had been immersed in simulated body fluid （SBF） for some time, and the porous glass shows good bioactivity.

Study on Addition Amount of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Cellulase in Mixed Silage of Potato Plants

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the appropriate addition amounts of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase in the mixed silage of potato plants,so as to provide a basis for the rational use of potato plants.[Methods]Fresh potato(Solanum tuberosum)seedling plants,watermelon(Citrullus lanatus)plants,and melon(Cucumis melo)plants were selected as raw materials for silage,each of which was added at a ratio of 32%,and 4%of brown flour was added additionally.On this basis,an L 9(32)orthogonal experiment was designed to investigate the effects of the amount of lactic acid bacteria(10,20,30 g/kg)and the amount of cellulase(5,10,15 g/kg)on the experimental results with sensory evaluation score as an investigation index.[Results]With the increase of the amount of lactic acid bacteria and the amount of cellulase,the sensory evaluation score of silage increased,and it was the highest when the amount of lactic acid bacteria added was 20 g/kg and the amount of cellulose was 10 g/kg.With the increase of the amounts of lactic acid bacteria and cellulase added,ammonia nitrogen showed a decreasing trend,and the pH and ammonia nitrogen were the lowest when the amount of lactic acid bacteria added was 20 g/kg and the amount of cellulose was 10 g/kg.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the rational use of effective ingredients and nutrients in potato plants and the development of new feed resources.

Development of Microbial Fermented Feed and Its Effect on the Production Performance of Holstein Cows

[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the development method of microbial fermented feed and its effect on the production performance of Holstein cows.[Methods]Thirty Holstein cows were selected and randomly divided into 2 groups,15 cows in each group.The diet composition of the experimental group was:concentrate supplement added with 30% microbial fermented feed+silage+alfalfa hay,and the diet composition of the control group was:concentrate supplement added with 30% flax cake+silage+alfalfa hay.The experimental period was 60 d.[Results]Compared with the control group,the experimental group increased the average daily milk yield per cow by 2.25%(P>0.05)and the total increase in average milk yield per cow in the experimental period by 43.51%(P<0.01),and reduced the average feed-to-milk ratio by 9.20%(P<0.05).The average gross profit per cow of the experimental group was 40.34 yuan higher than that of the control group,showing an increase of 3.53% in the economic benefit.[Conclusions]Feeding a diet supplemented with the microbial fermented feed could improve the efficiency of Holstein cow farming and is recommended to be promoted.

Effect of Wolfberry Polysaccharide Additive Premixed Feed on Fattening Effect of Tan Sheep

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore and rationally use the effective value and nutritional components of wolfberry polysaccharide to provide a basis for the use of new feed resources.[Methods]The premixed feed prepared with the wolfberry polysaccharide additive was applied to fattening Tan sheep in Ningxia,and the effect of the wolfberry polysaccharide additive on the fattening Tan sheep was analyzed,so as to provide technical support for the rational utilization of the wolfberry polysaccharide resources.The study adopted a single-factor comparison method,selecting 84 tan sheep in the fattening period with conform gender,feeding management,weight,age,and physiological status,which were divided into 2 test groups and 1 control group,28 in each group.[Results]Within 90 d,the weight gain of the group with 0.1%wolfberry polysaccharide additive increased by 6.98%,showing a significant difference(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 9.66%,which was significant as well(P<0.05).The gross profit of this group was 125.76 yuan,which was higher than the control group by 57.52 yuan.The group with 0.2%wolfberry polysaccharide additive increased the weight gain by 8.63%,which was significant(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio decreased by 10.80%,which was significant as well(P<0.05).The gross profit of group 2 was 125.76 yuan,which was higher than the control group by 63.41 yuan.There were no significant differences in weight gain,feed conversion ratio and gross profit between the groups with 0.1%and 0.2%of wolfberry polysaccharide additive.The results showed that the use of wolfberry polysaccharide additive premixed feed has a positive effect on increasing the weight gain of fattening Tan sheep,reducing the feed conversion ratio,and improving the feed conversion efficiency.The addition of 0.1%and 0.2%of the wolfberry polysaccharide additive premixed feed had no significant differences.[Conclusions]The wolfberry polysaccharide additive has a positive effect on increasing the weight gain of fattening Tan sheep,reducing the feed conversion ratio,and improving the feed conversion efficiency.