Clinical research on Tai Chi:a review of health benefits

Tai Chi,a traditional Chinese martial art and health exercise,has gained significant global attention and recognition.The clinical benefits of Tai Chi have been studied extensively in recent decades.We conducted a systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,EMBASE databases,and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure,identifying and reviewing 241 clinical trials on the benefits of Tai Chi from their inception to June 1,2023.Most of these studies have consistently demonstrated the positive impact of Tai Chi on balance,cognitive function,mood regulation,sleep quality,pain relief,cardiorespiratory function,and overall health.In the future,the key to fostering the ongoing development of this field lies in comprehensive research on standardized study designs and reporting,the scope of Tai Chi applications,and the core factors influencing its efficacy.

YOLO-Banana:An Effective Grading Method for Banana Appearance Quality

The increasing trend towards independent fruit packaging demands a high appearance quality of individually packed fruits.In this paper,we propose an improved YOLOv5-based model,YOLO-Banana,to effectively grade banana appearance quality based on the number of banana defect points.Due to the minor and dense defects on the surface of bananas,existing detection algorithms have poor detection results and high missing rates.To address this,we propose a densitybased spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)and K-means fusion clustering method that utilizes refined anchor points to obtain better initial anchor values,thereby enhancing the network’s recognition accuracy.Moreover,the optimized progressive aggregated network(PANet)enables better multi-level feature fusion.Additionally,the non-maximum suppression function is replaced with a weighted non-maximum suppression(weighted NMS)function based on distance intersection over union(DIoU).Experimental results show that the model’s accuracy is improved by 2.3%compared to the original YOLOv5 network model,thereby effectively grading the banana appearance quality.

Research for radiation-hardened high-voltage SOI LDMOS

Based on the silicon-on-insulator(SOI) technology and radiation-hardened silicon gate(RSG) process, a radiation-hardened high-voltage lateral double-diffused MOSFET(LDMOS) device is presented in this paper. With the gate supply voltage of 30 V, the LDMOS device has a gate oxide thickness of 120 nm, and the RSG process is effective in reducing the total ionizing dose(TID) radiation-induced threshold voltage shift. The p-type ion implantation process and gate-enclosed layout topology are used to prevent radiation-induced leakage current through a parasitic path under the bird's beak and at the deep trench corner,and the device is compatible with high-voltage SOI CMOS process. In the proposed LDMOS, the total ionizing dose radiation degradation for the ON bias is more sensitive than the OFF bias. The experiment results show that the SOI LDMOS has a negative threshold voltage shift of 1.12 V, breakdown voltage of 135 V, and off-state leakage current of 0.92 pA/μm at an accumulated dose level of 100 krad(Si).

Design of Microstructure Parameters on a Small Multi-Throttle Aerostatic Guideway in Photolithography

A compact multi-throttle aerostatic guideway is the preferred structure for high precision and acceleration motion in the variable-slit system(VS)of photolithography.The presence of microstructure,such as recesses and grooves,on the guideway working surface has been found to improve the loading performance.Nevertheless,the effects on the guideway performance of changing the microstructure on the micron level are not yet clear.The mesh adaptation method,which was proposed by the authors,is employed in this paper to quantitatively study the influences of four microstructure parameters.The effect of tuning these parameters on the loading performance is revealed.The level of impact determines the proposed design process of the parameters.The characteristic feature of the proposed design process is that the working points of carrying capacity,stiffness,and rotational stiffness are unified under twoway adjusting by means of recess parameters.According to the proposed design process and tuning method,the restriction of supply pressure is lifted to a certain extent and the mutual tradeoff among the loading performances is relieved.The experimental results show that the rotational stiffness of the designed guideway,based on the tuned parameters,reached 2.14×10^(4) Nmrad1 and increased by 69.8%.In a scanning test of the applied VS on argon fluoride laser(ArF)photolithography,the average scanning acceleration reached 67.5 m·s^(-2),meeting the design specification.

Xiaoyu Jiangzhi capsule protects against heart failure via Ca^(2+)/CaMKII signaling pathways in mice

Objective: Heart failure(HF), a worldwide health condition, is the result of many cardiovascular diseases.The traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) Xiaoyu Jiangzhi capsule(XYC) has long been in use in China to treat hyperlipidemia and inhibit platelet aggregation. This study explores the effects of XYC on heart failure(HF) and its detailed mechanisms.Methods: Isoproterenol(ISO, 30 mg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 days to copy a HF model of 10-12 weeks old, 20-30 g male mice. We then compared the CON(control) group, ISO(HF model)group, MET(metoprolol) group, and XYC group. Cardiac systolic function and left wall thickness were evaluated by echocardiograph. Using western blot analysis, we detected the proteins of calmodulin dependent protein kinase Ⅱ(Ca MKII) and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca^(2+)-ATPase(Serca). Furthermore, ts A201 cells were cultured and the human CaV1.2 calcium channel current(hCaV1.2) were detected by patch clamp experiments.Results: XYC reduced HF, inhibiting the protein expression of Ca MKII, but Serca did not change significantly. Moreover, XYC inhibited the peak amplitude of the hCaV1.2 current, depolarizing shifted the activation curve 27.6 mV, and shifted the inactivation curve toward a positive potential 17.6 mV. The fraction recovered from inaction was reduced in XYC group compared with that in CON group.Conclusion: XYC could inhibit ISO-induced HF by reducing the Ca^(2+)/Ca MKII signaling pathway in mice.

Design of GGNMOS ESD protection device for radiationhardened 0.18 μm CMOS process

In this paper,the ESD discharge capability of GGNMOS(gate grounded NMOS)device in the radiation-hardened 0.18μm bulk silicon CMOS process(Rad-Hard by Process:RHBP)is optimized by layout and ion implantation design.The effects of gate length,DCGS and ESD ion implantation of GGNMOS on discharge current density and lattice temperature are studied by TCAD and device simulation.The size of DCGS,multi finger number and single finger width of ESD verification structures are designed,and the discharge capacity and efficiency of GGNMOS devices in ESD are characterized by TLP test technology.Finally,the optimized GGNMOS is verified on the DSP circuit,and its ESD performance is over 3500 V in HBM mode.

Accreditation System of Distance Higher Education in the U.S. and Its Implications for China

Distance higher education is an important component of the Chinese higher education.How to enhance the quality of distance higher education is one of the key issues to be addressed in the research areas of distance education and higher education.As a crucial step to quality improvement,the constitution of accreditation system in distance higher education balances the benefits of all parties involved.This paper explores the American accreditation system of higher education and distance education and concludes with suggestions for the constitution of the Chinese quality assurance system:1)establishing third-party institutions to share part of the government roles;2)constituting the accreditation system;3)setting up appropriate standards;4)publicizing results of quality assurance work;and 5)building internal quality assurance mechanism.This paper is aimed to provide some reference to the constitution of accreditation system of distance higher education in China,facilitate the solution of quality problems in distance education,and promote the continuous improvement and development of distance education in China.

MOOCAP学习者在线学习行为和学习效果评价模型研究

中国慕课大学先修课(MOOCAP)是采用大规模开放在线课程(Massive Open Online Course,MOOC)和中国大学先修课程(Chinese Advanced Placement, CAP)相融合的方式,借助高等教育领域和基础教育领域的学科专家、资深教师,根据高中生的特点将大学课程进行重新设计的在线课程,是慕课大学先修课。本研究充分利用学习者在MOOCAP中的在线学习行为数据,采用德尔菲法、专家排序法、专家工作坊等多种研究方法,构建MOOCAP在线学习行为和学习评价模型,对MOOCAP课程的学习评价工作具有较强的指导性和可操作性,弥补了以往单凭学习成绩进行评价,或者仅依靠单一学习行为得出一些描述性结论的弊端,更具有全面性和系统性,为学生个性化的发展提供充分的过程评价数据依据,挖掘出学习者各自的学习特性,实现有针对性的'因材施教'。

MOOC学习者在线学习行为和学习绩效评估模型研究

MOOC的自主性和灵活性特征,使得学习者具有多样化的学习行为模式,很多研究指出学习者在线学习行为模式与学习成果具有高度相关性。线上授课的教学方式因为其便捷等各种优点,广泛被学生群体所接受,虽然线上授课弥补了传统教学的不可重复性等缺陷,但是由于每个学生的在线学习行为不同,其教学效果也因人而异,本研究尝试从国内最早的MOOC平台"学堂在线"上获取学生的学习行为数据,建立学生在线学习行为与在线学习绩效评估模型,并进行抽样逐步回归,以了解学生在线学习行为对其学习成绩的影响。结果表明,学生某些在线学习行为,如作业完成比例、视频完成率等对其学习效果产生重要的正面影响,反之部分在线学习行为对学习效果会产生不良影响。因此,根据本研究结果对教师设计在线学习、对学生开展线上学习提供意见和建议,将有效提高在线学习的效率和效果。

Purification and Molecular Identification of an Antifungal Peptide from the Hemolymph of Musca domestica （housefly）

Antibacterial and antifungal peptides found in houseflies （Musca domestica） in large number are indispensable components of its immune defense mechanism. In this study the anterior tip of the larvae of housefly was cut off with a pair of fine scissors and hemolymph was collected and exuded in an ice-cold test tube. From the hemolymph an antifungal substance was isolated by solid-phase extraction combined with reverse phase-high performance liquid chromotography （RP-HPLC） and named as Musca domestica antifungal peptide-1 （MAF-1）. Sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （SDS-PAGE） showed its molecular weight was 17 kDa. UV absorption spectra revealed that this antifungal substance possessed the characteristics of protein peptides. Analysis by fingerprint-identification and tandem mass spectrometry suggested MAF-I was an unknown protein. Edman degradation identified the sequence of 30 amino acids of its N-terminal which matched no peptide in the MASCOT search database, indicating MAF-1 was a novel insect antifungal peptide. Mass spectrometry showed the precise molecular weight of MAF-1 was 17203.384 Da. Its isoelectric point was acidic.

Association between cumulative exposure to different lipid parameters and risk of newly developed carotid plaque

Background and purpose Both the magnitude and cumulative exposure of atherogenic lipoproteins have an impact on the atherosclerosis risk,and the exploration focus has shifted from one single lipoprotein assessment to the cumulative exposure of lipoproteins.We aim to investigate the relationship between cumulative exposure to different lipid parameters and the risk of newly developed carotid plaque in this study.Methods In the Asymptomatic Polyvascular Abnormalities Community study,2947 participants were included with follow-up every 2 years from 2006 to 2012.Lipid parameters including total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TGs),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDLC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDLC)and non-HDLC were measured.Cumulative exposure was calculated by adding the weighted sum of the difference between the measured value and the cut-off value of each parameter.Newly developed carotid plaques were identified by carotid ultrasound performed at the third and fourth follow-ups.Results In the univariate analysis,non-HDLC burden had the highest ORs among the five lipid parameters for newly developed carotid plaque in each quartile,as 1.0(reference),1.35(1.09-1.67),1.68(1.36-2.08)and 2.74(2.22-3.38)from the lowest to the highest quartile.In the multivariate analysis and sensitivity analysis,we obtained similar results.Conclusions TC burden,TG burden,LDLC burden and non-HDLC burden are all independent risk factors for newly developed carotid plaque,especially for the vulnerable plaques.Among lipid parameters,non-HDLC burden is an optimal predictor.Moreover,the predictive value remained significant for participants under the age of 65 years old or free of hypertension,diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia.

Evaluation of measurement uncertainty of the high-speed variable-slit system based on the Monte Carlo method

This paper presents a dynamic and static error transfer model and uncertainty evaluation method for a high-speed variable-slit system based on a two- dimensional orthogonal double-layer air-floating guide rail structure. The motion accuracy of the scanning blade is affected by both the moving component it is attached to and the moving component of the following blade during high-speed motion. First, an error transfer model of the high-speed variable-slit system is established, and the influence coefficients are calculated for each source of error associated with the accuracy of the blade motion. Then, the maximum range of each error source is determined by simulation and experiment. Finally, the uncertainty of the blade displacement measurement is evaluated using the Monte Carlo method. The proposed model can evaluate the performance of the complex mechanical system and be used to guide the design.