Malignant tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in China.Despite advances in surgical,radiological,chemotherapeutic,molecular targeting,and immunotherapeutic treatments,patients with malignant tumors stil...Malignant tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in China.Despite advances in surgical,radiological,chemotherapeutic,molecular targeting,and immunotherapeutic treatments,patients with malignant tumors still have poor prognoses.Low-dose-rate brachytherapy,specifically 125I seed implantation,is beneficial because of its high local delivery dose and minimal damage to surrounding tissues.Consequently,it has gained increasing acceptance as a treatment modality for various malignant tumors.In this study,we explored the fundamental principles,clinical applications,and new technologies associated with 125I radioactive seed implantation.展开更多
It is a rapidly developed subject in expanding the fundamental properties and application of two-dimensional(2D)materials.The weak van der Waals interaction in 2D materials inspired researchers to explore 2D heterostr...It is a rapidly developed subject in expanding the fundamental properties and application of two-dimensional(2D)materials.The weak van der Waals interaction in 2D materials inspired researchers to explore 2D heterostructures(2DHs)based broadband photodetectors in the far-infrared(IR)and middle-IR regions with high response and high detectivity.This review focuses on the strategy and motivation of designing 2DHs based high-performance IR photodetectors,which provides a wide view of this field and new expectation for advanced photodetectors.First,the photocarriers'generation mechanism and frequently employed device structures are presented.Then,the 2DHs are divided into semimetal/semiconductor 2DHs,semiconductor/semiconductor 2DHs,and multidimensional semi-2DHs;the advantages,motivation,mechanism,recent progress,and outlook are discussed.Finally,the challenges for next-generation photodetectors are described for this rapidly developing field.展开更多
High-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting at all pH values have attracted considerable interest in the field of sustainable hydrogen evolution. Herein, we report an efficient electrocatalyst with a nanocry...High-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting at all pH values have attracted considerable interest in the field of sustainable hydrogen evolution. Herein, we report an efficient electrocatalyst with a nanocrystalline cobalt phosphide (COP) network for water splitting in the pH range of 0-14. The novel flexible electrocatalyst is derived from a desirable nanocrystalline CoP network grown on a conductive Hastelloy belt. This kind of self-supported CoP network is directly used as an electrocatalytic cathode for hydrogen evolution. The nanocrystalline network structure results in superior performance with a low onset overpotential of N45 mV over a broad pH range of 0 to 14 and affords a catalytic current density of 100 mA-cm 2 even in neutral media. The CoP network exhibits excellent catalytic properties not only at extreme pH values (0 and 14) but also in neutral media (pH = 7), which is comparable to the behavior of state-of-the-art platinum-based metals. The system exhibits an excellent flexible property and maintains remarkable catalytic stability during continuous 100-h-long electrolysis even after 100 cycles of bending/extending from 100° to 250°.展开更多
High-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting are desired due to the urgent requirement of clean and sustainable hydrogen production.To reduce the energy barrier,herein,we adopt a facile in-situ surface modifi...High-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting are desired due to the urgent requirement of clean and sustainable hydrogen production.To reduce the energy barrier,herein,we adopt a facile in-situ surface modification strategy to develop a low-cost and efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting.The synthesized mulberry-like NiS/Ni nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic performance for water splitting.Small overpotentials of 301 and 161 mV are needed to drive the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 accompanying with remarkably low Tafel slopes of 46 and 74 mV dec^-1 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),respectively.Meanwhile,a robust electrochemical stability is demonstrated.Further high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal that the intrinsic HER activity improvement is attributed to the electron-enriched S on the strongly coupled NiS and Ni interface,which simultaneously facilitates the important electron transfer,consistent with the electrochemical impedance results.The post characterizations demonstrate that surface reconstructed oxyhydroxide contributes to the OER activity and NiS/Ni is an OER precatalyst.This structure construction with in-situ formation of active interface provides an effective way to design efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion.展开更多
文摘Malignant tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in China.Despite advances in surgical,radiological,chemotherapeutic,molecular targeting,and immunotherapeutic treatments,patients with malignant tumors still have poor prognoses.Low-dose-rate brachytherapy,specifically 125I seed implantation,is beneficial because of its high local delivery dose and minimal damage to surrounding tissues.Consequently,it has gained increasing acceptance as a treatment modality for various malignant tumors.In this study,we explored the fundamental principles,clinical applications,and new technologies associated with 125I radioactive seed implantation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51722204,91421110,51802145)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2014CB931702)+3 种基金the Sichuan Provincial Fund for Distinguished Young Academic and Technology Leaders(Grant No.2014JQ0011)the Science and Technology Support Program of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2018RZ0042,2016RZ0033,2018RZ0082)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(2018A030310225)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2018M643443).
文摘It is a rapidly developed subject in expanding the fundamental properties and application of two-dimensional(2D)materials.The weak van der Waals interaction in 2D materials inspired researchers to explore 2D heterostructures(2DHs)based broadband photodetectors in the far-infrared(IR)and middle-IR regions with high response and high detectivity.This review focuses on the strategy and motivation of designing 2DHs based high-performance IR photodetectors,which provides a wide view of this field and new expectation for advanced photodetectors.First,the photocarriers'generation mechanism and frequently employed device structures are presented.Then,the 2DHs are divided into semimetal/semiconductor 2DHs,semiconductor/semiconductor 2DHs,and multidimensional semi-2DHs;the advantages,motivation,mechanism,recent progress,and outlook are discussed.Finally,the challenges for next-generation photodetectors are described for this rapidly developing field.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2015CB358600), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21527805), the Excellent Young Scholar Fund from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21422103), Jiangsu Fund for Distinguished Young Scientist (No. BK20140010), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK20151228),the Natural Science Foundation in High Education of Jiangsu Province (No. 16KJB430024), and Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20133201120028).
文摘High-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting at all pH values have attracted considerable interest in the field of sustainable hydrogen evolution. Herein, we report an efficient electrocatalyst with a nanocrystalline cobalt phosphide (COP) network for water splitting in the pH range of 0-14. The novel flexible electrocatalyst is derived from a desirable nanocrystalline CoP network grown on a conductive Hastelloy belt. This kind of self-supported CoP network is directly used as an electrocatalytic cathode for hydrogen evolution. The nanocrystalline network structure results in superior performance with a low onset overpotential of N45 mV over a broad pH range of 0 to 14 and affords a catalytic current density of 100 mA-cm 2 even in neutral media. The CoP network exhibits excellent catalytic properties not only at extreme pH values (0 and 14) but also in neutral media (pH = 7), which is comparable to the behavior of state-of-the-art platinum-based metals. The system exhibits an excellent flexible property and maintains remarkable catalytic stability during continuous 100-h-long electrolysis even after 100 cycles of bending/extending from 100° to 250°.
基金This work was financailly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51722204 and 51802145)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2014CB931702)+2 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2018RZ0082 and 2019JDRC0070)the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities(No.A03018023801053)the Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials Devices at Soochow University(No.KJS1807).
文摘High-performance electrocatalysts for water splitting are desired due to the urgent requirement of clean and sustainable hydrogen production.To reduce the energy barrier,herein,we adopt a facile in-situ surface modification strategy to develop a low-cost and efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting.The synthesized mulberry-like NiS/Ni nanoparticles exhibit excellent catalytic performance for water splitting.Small overpotentials of 301 and 161 mV are needed to drive the current density of 10 mA cm^-2 accompanying with remarkably low Tafel slopes of 46 and 74 mV dec^-1 for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),respectively.Meanwhile,a robust electrochemical stability is demonstrated.Further high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses reveal that the intrinsic HER activity improvement is attributed to the electron-enriched S on the strongly coupled NiS and Ni interface,which simultaneously facilitates the important electron transfer,consistent with the electrochemical impedance results.The post characterizations demonstrate that surface reconstructed oxyhydroxide contributes to the OER activity and NiS/Ni is an OER precatalyst.This structure construction with in-situ formation of active interface provides an effective way to design efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion.