CO_(2)高温电解技术助力化工产业碳中和

化学工业是我国主要的CO_(2)排放源,为了实现我国的碳中和目标,必须重点关注化学工业的碳排放情况。基于固体氧化物电解池(SOEC)的CO_(2)高温电解技术,对于中国实现碳减排、碳达峰和碳中和目标具有重要意义。此外,该技术可以实现CO_(2)的资源化利用,从而产生可观的环境效益和潜在的经济效益。目前,CO_(2)高温电解技术已经在实验室和中试阶段取得了很大进展,但该技术的大规模工业应用还需要进一步探索。本文综述了高温CO_(2)电解池材料的最新研究进展,讨论了SOEC技术的未来发展方向,并提出了SOEC技术与化工合成耦合实现碳中和目标的方法。

Antibacterial Effects of Chinese Herbal Medicines against Streptococcus iniae in Oreochromis niloticus

In this study, the antibacterial effects of Chinese herbal medicines against Streptococcus iniae in Oreochromis niloticus were investigated by drug sensitiv- ity test. The results indicated that Streptococcus in/ae was extremely sensitive to Calla Chinensis, Fructus Hippophae and Fructus Murne, highly sensitive to Sappan Lignum, Pericarpium Granati, Folium Eucalypti and Radix Scutellariae, moderately sensitive to Rh/zoma Coptidis, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Flos Caryophyllata, Cortex phellodendri and Rabdosia serra （ Maxim. ） Hara, and insensitive to Herba Portulacae , Herba Houttuyniae , Polygonum hydropiper L. , Herba Menthae , Radix Glycyrrhizae , Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae , Herba Andrographitis and Rhizoma Acori Tatarinowii. Chinese medicinal herbs which Streptococcus iniae was extremely sensitive or moderately sensitive to were selected and prepared into three Chinese herbal medicine formulae for medicated bath of Oreochromis niloticus infected arti- ficially with Streptococcus iniae. The results showed that medicated bath elicited therapeutic effects on infected Oreochromis niloticus. Formula II exhibited the best therapeutic effect with an effective percentage of 90%.

An Efficient Method for Local Base Transform in Pekeris Waveguide with Radiation Condition

In this paper, for the fast computation of the coordinates under the basis of the eigenfunctions of Helmholtz operator, we derive the conjugate operator with the radiation boundary condition. Further, we prove the cross orthogonality between the linearly-independent eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz operator and the linearly-independent eigenfunctions of the conjugate operator. The numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our treatment.

Histopathological Observation of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther with Abdominal Dropsy in Industrial Aquaculture

[ Objective] This study aimed to investigate and analyze the histopathological changes in various tissues and organs of Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther with abdominal dropsy. [ Method] By HE staining, pathological tissues of main organs of C. semilaevis Giinther with abdominal dropsy were observed. [ Result] According to the results of histopathological observation, C. semilaevis Gilnther with abdominal dropsy exhibited a large amount of ascites in the abdominal cavity; small intestinal mucosal epithelial cells were denatured and necrotic, and shed into the enteric cavity, with submucosal vascular congestion; the liver and pancreas tissues were denatured and necrotic, and the morphology of most liver cells disappeared. However, there was no remarkable pathological change in the heart, spleen and other organs. [ Conclusion] C. semilaevis Gtinther with abdominal dropsy exhibited serious pathological and histochemical lesions in the small intestine, liver and pancreas, causing metabolic disorders.

Leaching kinetics of fluorine during the aluminum removal from spent Li-ion battery cathode materials

The high content of aluminum(Al)impurity in the recycled cathode powder seriously affects the extraction efficiency of Nickel,Cobalt,Manganese,and Lithium resources and the actual commercial value of recycled materials,so Al removal is crucially important to conform to the industrial standard of spent Li-ion battery cathode materials.In this work,we systematically investigated the leaching process and optimum conditions associated with Al removal from the cathode powder materials collected in a wet cathode-powder peeling and recycling production line of spent Li-ion batteries(LIBs).Moreover,we specifically studied the leaching of fluorine(F)synergistically happened along with the removal process of Al,which was not concerned about in other studies,but one of the key factors affecting pollution prevention in the recovery process.The mechanism of the whole process including the leaching of Al and F from the cathode powder was indicated by using NMR,FTIR,and XPS,and a defluoridation process was preliminarily investigated in this study.The leaching kinetics of Al could be successfully described by the shrinking core model,controlled by the diffusion process and the activation energy was 11.14 kJ/mol.While,the leaching of F was attributed to the dissolution of LiPF6and decomposition of PVDF,and the kinetics associated was described by Avrami model.The interaction of Al and F is advantageous to realize the defluoridation to some degree.It is expected that our investigation will provide theoretical support for the large-scale recycling of spent LIBs.

Particles and porous tablets based on Fe^0/ZSM-5 composites prepared by ball-milling for heavy metals removal: Dissolved Fe^(2+), pH, and mechanism

Novel, low-cost Fe0/ZSM-5-based particles and porous tablets were prepared by a ballmilling method and used for the removal of Pb^2＋ in solution. Solid-phase characterization by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy（SEMEDS） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM） revealed that the Fe0 microparticles were evenly loaded and tightly immobilized on the surface of ZSM-5 because of the extrusion/welding impact during ball-milling. For different Pb2＋ concentrations, batch experiments indicated that the removal of Pb2＋ increased with the decline of dissolved Fe2＋and p H value in the solution for particles; opposite results were obtained for the tablets. The differences in the contact between both materials and Pb2＋ were the main factor controlling Pb2＋ removal in the solution. Investigation into the effect of initial pH value revealed that high pH reduced the number of electrons released from Fe corrosion. Consequently, low levels of removed Pb2＋ and dissolved Fe2＋ were synchronously observed. Also, simulated electroplating wastewater was treated using the prepared particles and porous tablets,and the removal order of Pb^2＋ 〉 Cr6^＋〉 Cu^2＋≈ Cd^2＋ was observed. The Fe0/ZSM-5 particles and tablets prepared through ball-milling show potential as materials for treatment of Pb2＋ and other toxic metals.

THE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM AND SAINT-VENANT DECAY RATE FOR A NONHOMOGENEOUS SEMI-INFINITE STRIP

The eigenvalue problem about a nonhomogeneous semi-infinite strip is investigated using the methodology proposed by Papkovich and Fadle for homogeneous plane problems. Two types of nonhomogeneity are considered： （i） the elastic modulus varying with the thickness coor- dinate x exponentially, （ii） it varying with the length coordinate y exponentially. The eigenvalues for the two cases are obtained numerically in plane strain and plane stress states, respectively. By considering the smallest positive eigenvalue, tile Saint-Venant Decay rates are estimated, which indicates material nonhomogeneity has a signifcant influence on the Saint-Venant end effect.

球壳中球形夹杂对SV波的三维散射与动应力集中研究

夹杂将导致结构应力集中,是降低结构承载能力重要影响因素,尤其是动载作用情况下,弹性波衍射和叠加将加剧应力集中程度.弹性波衍射方程建立和求解非常复杂,目前主要研究对象集中在二维模型情况,三维有限域内夹杂引起的动应力集中现象在大型结构中比较常见,有界域边界不仅作为边界条件,同时也是散射波波源,提高了求解难度.一般通过近似方法,将三维模型简化为二维情况,往往导致求解结果过于保守不能解释实际问题.论文针对三维球壳包含夹杂一般情况,分别以球壳和夹杂中心建立球坐标以描述球壳内、外壁和夹杂表面散射波势函数,并引入一种球波函数加法公式实现不同坐标下势函数转换,以求解应力集中状态.最后针对三维情况,给出多个动应力集中因子分布状态以描述动应力集中程度.文中研究为一般情况下含夹杂球壳结构的强度分析提供了理论支撑.

Enhanced oxygen reduction kinetics by a porous heterostructured cathode for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells

A novel porous heterostructured Nd_(0.8)Sr_(1.2)CoO_(4)±/Nd_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-δ)(NSC_(214/113))cathode for intermediate tem-perature solid oxide fuel cells(IT-SOFCs)is developed to significantly enhance oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics.Compared to single-phase materials,the fabricated porous heterostructured NSC 214/113 shows optimized electrochemical properties,including a better conductivity,20 times faster surface oxygen exchange kinetics,and a comparatively lower area-specific resistance(0.065Ωcm^(2) at 800℃).The single cell with Ni-YSZ|YSZ-GDC|NSC_(214/113) configuration exhibits a high peak power density of 1.10 W cm^(−2) at 800℃,superior to other cells reported in literature with similar heterostructured cathodes.Moreover,the underlying mechanism of the ORR performance enhancement is further investigated,revealing that the formation of heterojunction can lead to a narrowed energy bandgap and a decrease of Co oxidation state,which further induce better conductivity,more available electrons and oxygen vacancies to enhance the ORR process.Taken together,our research also provides new insights into potential application of artificial intelligence(AI)method involved in materials in-telligent identification,cell state estimation,system diagnostic and optimization.The revolutionary force of AI,especially in the field of new electrode material development is now advancing in its full swing.More and greater breakthroughs are still expected.