Silicon(Si),the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust,exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions.However,the benefits of Si a...Silicon(Si),the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust,exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions.However,the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species,genotypes,and the environmental conditions.Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants,the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear.The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical,physiological,biochemical,and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress,especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate-and excluder-type plants.The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport,regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss,accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances,and inducing plant defense-associated with signaling events,consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance.This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture.Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species,genotypes,and the environment,detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is the second most limiting nutrient for plant growth.Previous studies suggested that P substantially affects the yield and quality of tea by affecting root growth,the decomposition and metabolism of mine...Phosphorus(P)is the second most limiting nutrient for plant growth.Previous studies suggested that P substantially affects the yield and quality of tea by affecting root growth,the decomposition and metabolism of minerals and metabolites in plants.Thus,the environmental pollution and degradation of crop quality caused by irrational fertilization is of increasing interest for researchers worldwide.To understand the effects of P fertilization on tea quality and metabolism of key quality components,three P fertilization levels(excessive,appropriate,and deficient application)were applied to tea plants using pot experiments.Content of P,potassium,polyphenols,amino acids and anthocyanins in the leaves or soil were quantified.The sensory quality of tea infusion was reduced under irrational(excessive or deficient)P fertilization.Under P deficiency,the total content of polyphenols and anthocyanins in the leaves were strongly increased compared with those of the control.A high soil P content(excessive)inhibited polyphenol accumulation,but induced the accumulation of certain anthocyanins,such as peonidin-3-Osambubioside-5-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-5-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-diglucoside.These results suggest that the reduction of tea quality caused by irrational P application is associated with anthocyanin metabolism,which provides a scientific basis for improving P fertilization strategies in tea plantations.展开更多
基金This work was financially supported by the National Key R&D Program(2016YFD0200900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYGD202007)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072673)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2018QNRC001).
文摘Silicon(Si),the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust,exerts beneficial effects on the growth and productivity of a variety of plant species under various environmental conditions.However,the benefits of Si and its importance to plants are controversial due to differences among the species,genotypes,and the environmental conditions.Although Si has been widely reported to alleviate plant drought stress in both the Si-accumulating and nonaccumulating plants,the underlying mechanisms through which Si improves plant water status and maintains water balance remain unclear.The aim of this review is to summarize the morphoanatomical,physiological,biochemical,and molecular processes that are involved in plant water status that are regulated by Si in response to drought stress,especially the integrated modulation of Si-triggered drought stress responses in Si accumulators and intermediate-and excluder-type plants.The key mechanisms influencing the ability of Si to mitigate the effects of drought stress include enhancing water uptake and transport,regulating stomatal behavior and transpirational water loss,accumulating solutes and osmoregulatory substances,and inducing plant defense-associated with signaling events,consequently maintaining whole-plant water balance.This study evaluates the ability of Si to maintain water balance under drought stress conditions and suggests future research that is needed to implement the use of Si in agriculture.Considering the complex relationships between Si and different plant species,genotypes,and the environment,detailed studies are needed to understand the interactions between Si and plant responses under stress conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFD1601105)the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences through Agricultural Sciences Innovation Project(CAAS-ASTIP-2017-TRICAAS)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-19).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is the second most limiting nutrient for plant growth.Previous studies suggested that P substantially affects the yield and quality of tea by affecting root growth,the decomposition and metabolism of minerals and metabolites in plants.Thus,the environmental pollution and degradation of crop quality caused by irrational fertilization is of increasing interest for researchers worldwide.To understand the effects of P fertilization on tea quality and metabolism of key quality components,three P fertilization levels(excessive,appropriate,and deficient application)were applied to tea plants using pot experiments.Content of P,potassium,polyphenols,amino acids and anthocyanins in the leaves or soil were quantified.The sensory quality of tea infusion was reduced under irrational(excessive or deficient)P fertilization.Under P deficiency,the total content of polyphenols and anthocyanins in the leaves were strongly increased compared with those of the control.A high soil P content(excessive)inhibited polyphenol accumulation,but induced the accumulation of certain anthocyanins,such as peonidin-3-Osambubioside-5-O-glucoside and peonidin-3-O-5-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-diglucoside.These results suggest that the reduction of tea quality caused by irrational P application is associated with anthocyanin metabolism,which provides a scientific basis for improving P fertilization strategies in tea plantations.
