Analysis of the genomic landscape of primary central nervous system lymphoma using whole-genome sequencing in Chinese patients

Primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL)is an uncommon non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with poor prognosis.This study aimed to depict the genetic landscape of Chinese PCNSLs.Whole-genome sequencing was performed on 68 newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSL samples,whose genomic characteristics and clinicopathologic features were also analyzed.Structural variations were identified in all patients with a mean of 349,which did not significantly influence prognosis.Copy loss occurred in all samples,while gains were detected in 77.9%of the samples.The high level of copy number variations was significantly associated with poor progression-free survival(PFS)and overall survival(OS).A total of 263 genes mutated in coding regions were identified,including 6 newly discovered genes(ROBO2,KMT2C,CXCR4,MYOM2,BCLAF1,and NRXN3)detected in≥10%of the cases.CD79B mutation was significantly associated with lower PFS,TMSB4X mutation and high expression of TMSB4X protein was associated with lower OS.A prognostic risk scoring system was also established for PCNSL,which included Karnofsky performance status and six mutated genes(BRD4,EBF1,BTG1,CCND3,STAG2,and TMSB4X).Collectively,this study comprehensively reveals the genomic landscape of newly diagnosed Chinese PCNSLs,thereby enriching the present understanding of the genetic mechanisms of PCNSL.

酿酒酵母转化木糖生产化学品的研究进展

木糖的有效利用是木质纤维素生产生物燃料或化学品经济性转化的基础。30年来,通过理性代谢改造和适应性进化等工程策略,显著提高了传统乙醇发酵微生物——酿酒酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae的木糖代谢能力。因此,近年来在酿酒酵母中利用木糖生产化学品的研究逐步展开。研究发现,酿酒酵母分别以木糖和葡萄糖为碳源时,其转录组和代谢组存在明显差异。与葡萄糖相比,木糖代谢过程中细胞整体呈现出Crabtree-negative代谢特征,如有限的糖酵解途径活性减少了丙酮酸到乙醇的代谢通量,以及增强的胞质乙酰辅酶A合成和呼吸能量代谢等,这都有利于以丙酮酸或乙酰辅酶A为前体的下游产物的有效合成。文中对酿酒酵母木糖代谢途径改造与优化、木糖代谢特征以及以木糖为碳源合成化学品的细胞工厂构建等方面进行了详细综述,并对木糖作为重要碳源在大宗化学品生物合成中存在的困难和挑战以及未来研究方向进行了总结与展望。

microRNA与靶基因相互调控机制的研究进展

microRNA(miRNA)是一类由内源基因编码的长度约22个核苷酸的单链非编码RNA分子,其通过剪切信使RNA或非编码RNA、沉默或激活转录、primary mi RNA(pri-miRNA)加工及mRNA翻译,调控几乎所有细胞增殖分化、个体生长发育及内环境稳态.大量研究已对miRNA的生物发生和调控机制进行了清晰阐述.然而,关于miRNA的转换机制,尤其是miRNA在特定条件下的快速变化,仍尚未解决.近年来研究发现,靶基因能以序列依赖性方式调控miRNA的生成和降解,表明miRNA和靶基因之间的调控不是单向的,而是相互调控.本文详细概述靶基因调控miRNA的最新进展,归纳二者相互作用的条件和机制,提出miRNA转换的研究方向,以期为深入研究机体内miRNA与靶基因的相互作用及开发miRNA靶向治疗药物提供理论基础.

Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Fam210 is required for oogenesis and reproduction

Mitochondria are the central hub for many metabolic processes,including the citric acid cycle,oxidative phosphorylation,and fatty acid oxidation.Recent studies have identified a new mitochondrial protein family,Fam210,that regulates bone metabolism and red cell development in vertebrates.The model organism Caenorhabditis elegans has a Fam210 gene,y56a3a.22,but it lacks both bones and red blood cells.In this study,we report that Y56A3A.22 plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial protein homeostasis and reproduction.The nematode y56a3a.22 is expressed in various tissues,including the intestine,muscle,hypodermis,and germline,and its encoded protein is predominantly localized in mitochondria.y56a3a.22 deletion mutants are sterile owing to impaired oogenesis.Loss of Y56A3A.22 induced mitochondrial unfolded protein response(UPRmt),which is mediated through the ATFS-1-dependent pathway,in tissues such as the intestine,germline,hypodermis,and vulval muscle.We further show that infertility and UPRmt induces by Y56A3A.22 deficiency are not attributed to systemic iron deficiency.Together,our study reveals an important role of Y56A3A.22 in regulating mitochondrial protein homeostasis and oogenesis and provides a new genetic tool for exploring the mechanisms regulating mitochondrial metabolism and reproduction as well as the fundamental role of the Fam210 family.

Rapid and efficient wounding for in vivo studies of neuronal dendrite regeneration and degeneration

Dendrite growth and branching occur mainly during the developmental stage,and their spatial and temporal wiring is highly linked to the proper functioning of neuronal networks(Jan and Jan,2003).Although it is well known that neuronal dendrites are easily damaged during traumatic brain injury,stroke,and seizure,very little is known about how neurons respond to dendrite injury and initiate regeneration(Liu and Jan,2020).Thus,understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of dendrite regeneration and maintenance after injury holds the key to develop novel treatments for human brain damage.

The Overpaid and Underpaid:A Comparison of Labor Costs in Nonprofit and For-Profit Service Organizations

The comparison between nonprofit and for-profit organizations has been a lingering question for scholars and practitioners.This research explores employee wage differentials across sectors using a national sample of child care workforce.After controlling for a range of individual,occupational,organizational,and community factors,this research reports a significant wage premium for nonprofit child care teachers.In addition,this study finds evidence for both the labor donation and property rights hypotheses,but the property rights theory demonstrates comparatively stronger explanatory power.Although individuals with stronger intrinsic motivation are more willing to donate labor for charitable outputs,inefficient management in nonprofits actually sets wage levels over the market level.Overall,the study highlights nonprofits*comparative advantage in employee motivation but disadvantage in efficient management.The findings have implications for public and nonprofit management.