Intelligent Oxygen-Enriched and “Sterilized” Underground Gyms: Background, Dilemmas and Pathways

The in-depth integration of healthy China with national fitness and the hope to achieve the long-term goal of “leading Sports Nation” by 2035, can’t be realized without gyms where people do physical exercise. The international academic community recognizes that the 21st century is the golden time for sustainable and quality development. Taking a national perspective, authors of this paper studied the feasibility of building underground gyms in China through the approach of interdisciplinary research, as well as its dilemmas and pathways, and found out that quality development of underground space can effectively address challenges for large cities in China by increasing the resilience of urban area, and give full engage to underground capacity in striving for the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality. Underground gyms can also be incorporated into resident’s 15-min fitness circle, satisfying people’s needs of doing exercise at any time and in an easily-accessible place. However, China’s underground area development has been hindered by unclear property rights, chaotic action and utilization, and relatively backward laws and regulations. Moreover, building underground gyms still has to solve many problems such as poor air quality, severe sweat smell, and excessive bacteria and viruses. It is suggested that the capable authorities shall first clarify laws and regulations over place compound utilization, property rights and fire protection to facilitate the process of building underground gyms;encourage fitness practitioners to explore underground areas as gyms, and transfer their ground business to underground;then produce an intelligent and systematic solution of air quality improvement featuring oxygen-enrichment and “sterilization” with integration, a variety of instruments to monitor air quality of indoor gyms in real-time, to realize automatic control and management, and truly create worry-free and oxygen-enriched underground gyms with no sweat smell and no fear of bacteria and viruses.

中国大陆麻醉住院医师毕业后教育的探讨

经过近几年在全国部分省市试点后,2015年教育部和卫计委正式通知在全国范围内改变医学教育的现有模式,新的规范化培养（简称规培）已经逐步开展并日渐规范。各专科住院医师规范化培训的目的是培养具有现代医学素质的专职人员,能够胜任现代医学的临床要求。同时对住院医师进行评估和考核已经日趋重要,同样需要通过规范化的方式进行。现将美国麻醉住院医师培训考核模式与国内麻醉住院医师考核方式进行比较。

Microalgae-based wastewater treatment:Mechanisms,challenges,recent advances,and future prospects

The rapid expansion of both the global economy and the human population has led to a shortage of water resources suitable for direct human consumption.As a result,water remediation will inexorably become the primary focus on a global scale.Microalgae can be grown in various types of wastewaters(WW).They have a high potential to remove contaminants from the effluents of industries and urban areas.This review focuses on recent advances on WW remediation through microalgae cultivation.Attention has already been paid to microalgae-based wastewater treatment(WWT)due to its low energy requirements,the strong ability of microalgae to thrive under diverse environmental conditions,and the potential to transform WW nutrients into high-value compounds.It turned out that microalgae-based WWT is an economical and sustainable solution.Moreover,different types of toxins are removed by microalgae through biosorption,bioaccumulation,and biodegradation processes.Examples are toxins from agricultural runoffs and textile and pharmaceutical industrial effluents.Microalgae have the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide and make use of the micronutrients that are present in the effluents.This review paper highlights the application of microalgae in WW remediation and the remediation of diverse types of pollutants commonly present in WW through different mechanisms,simultaneous resource recovery,and efficient microalgae-based co-culturing systems along with bottlenecks and prospects.

Bioplastic production in terms of life cycle assessment:A state-of-theart review

The current transition to sustainability and the circular economy can be viewed as a socio-technical response to environmental impacts and the need to enhance the overall performance of the linear production and consumption paradigm.The concept of biowaste refineries as a feasible alternative to petroleum refineries has gained popularity.Biowaste has become an important raw material source for developing bioproducts and biofuels.Therefore,effective environmental biowaste management systems for the production of bioproducts and biofuels are crucial and can be employed as pillars of a circular economy.Bioplastics,typically plastics manufactured from bio-based polymers,stand to contribute to more sustainable commercial plastic life cycles as part of a circular economy in which virgin polymers are made from renewable or recycled raw materials.Various frameworks and strategies are utilized to model and illustrate additional patterns in fossil fuel and bioplastic feedstock prices for various governments'long-term policies.This review paper highlights the harmful impacts of fossil-based plastic on the environment and human health,as well as the mass need for eco-friendly alternatives such as biodegradable bioplastics.Utilizing new types of bioplastics derived from renewable resources(e.g.,biowastes,agricultural wastes,or microalgae)and choosing the appropriate end-of-life option(e.g.,anaerobic digestion)may be the right direction to ensure the sustainability of bioplastic production.Clear regulation and financial incentives are still required to scale from niche polymers to large-scale bioplastic market applications with a truly sustainable impact.

A data-driven health indicator extraction method for aircraft air conditioning system health monitoring

Prognostics and Health Management(PHM) has become a very important tool in modern commercial aircraft. Considering limited built-in sensing devices on the legacy aircraft model,one of the challenges for airborne system health monitoring is to find an appropriate health indicator that is highly related to the actual degradation state of the system. This paper proposed a novel health indicator extraction method based on the available sensor parameters for the health monitoring of Air Conditioning System(ACS) of a legacy commercial aircraft model. Firstly, a specific Airplane Condition Monitoring System(ACMS) report for ACS health monitoring is defined. Then a non-parametric modeling technique is adopted to calculate the health indicator based on the raw ACMS report data. The proposed method is validated on a single-aisle commercial aircraft widely used for short and medium-haul routes, using more than 6000 ACMS reports collected from a fleet of aircraft during one year. The case study result shows that the proposed health indicator can effectively characterize the degradation state of the ACS, which can provide valuable information for proactive maintenance plan in advance.

Aircraft air conditioning system health state estimation and prediction for predictive maintenance

The vast potential of system health monitoring and condition based maintenance on modern commercial aircraft is being realized through the innovative use of Airplane Condition Monitoring System(ACMS) data.However there are few methods addressing the issues of failure prognostics and predictive maintenance for commercial aircraft Air Conditioning System(ACS).This study developed a Bayesian failure prognostics approach using ACMS data for predictive maintenance of ACS.First, a health index characterizing the ACS health state is inferred from a multiple sensor signals using a data driven method.Then a dynamic linear model is proposed to describe the degradation process for failure prognostics.Bayesian inference formulas are carried out for degradation estimation and prediction.The developed approach is applied on a passenger aircraft fleet with ACMS data recorded for one year.The analysis of the case study shows that the developed method can produce satisfactory prognostics results, where all the ACS failure precursors are identified in advance, and the relative errors for the failure time prediction made when just entering the degradation warning stage are less than 8%.This would allow operators to proactively plan future maintenance.

SolidEarth： a new Digital Earth system for the modeling and visualization of the whole Earth space

尽管许多归化为美国人的数字地球系统证明了为建模和与地球表面相关、近表面的 geospatial 对象的可视化相当有用，他们没为在地质或大气的空格当模特儿和应用程序的目的被设计。对能与完整的维数处理 geospatial 信息的一个新数字地球系统有紧迫的需要。在这份报纸，我们在场一个新数字地球系统，称为的 SolidEarth 作为为包括它的表面当模特儿和整个地球空间的可视化的一个其他的虚拟地球，内部、外面的空间。SolidEarth 由四个功能的部件组成：在地理空间当模特儿，在地质的空间当模特儿，在大气的空间当模特儿，并且，综合可视化和分析。SolidEarth 有一个全面处理到第三种空间尺寸和一系列复杂 3D 空间分析功能。因此，它对容量的表示和 inner/ 的视觉分析很相配在地球空间的外部范围。SolidEarth 能在象地球科学研究那样的很多个领域里被使用，教育，数字地球应用程序的构造，和另外的专业版土练习科学。

Nanocellulose from various biomass wastes:Its preparation and potential usages towards the high value-added products

Biomass waste comes from a wide range of sources,such as forest,agricultural,algae wastes,as well as other relevant industrial by-products.It is an important alternative energy source as well as a unique source for various bioproducts applied in many fields.For the past two decades,how to reuse,recycle and best recover various biomass wastes for high value-added bioproducts has received significant attention,which has not only come from various academia communities but also from many civil and medical industries.To summarize one of the cutting-edge technologies applied with nanocellulose biomaterials,this review focused on various preparation methods and strategies to make nanocellulose from diverse biomass wastes and their potential applications in biomedical areas and other promising new fields.

Exploring the region-wise diversity and functions of symbiotic bacteria in the gut system of wood-feeding termite,Coptotermes formosanus,toward the degradation of cellulose,hemicellulose,and organic dyes

The wood-feeding termite Coptotermes formosanus represents a unique and impressive system for lignocellulose degradation.The highly efficient digestion of lignocellulose is achieved through symbiosis with gut symbionts like bacteria.Despite extensive research during the last three decades,diversity of bacterial symbionts residing in individual gut regions of the termite and their associated functions is still lacking.To this end,cellulose,xylan,and dye-decolorization bacteria residing in foregut,midgut,and hindgut regions of C.formosanus were enlisted by using enrichment and culture-dependent molecular methods.A total of 87 bacterial strains were successfully isolated from different gut regions of C.formosanus which belonged to 27 different species of 10 genera,majorly affiliated with Proteobacteria(80%)and Firmicutes(18.3%).Among the gut regions,37.9%of the total bacterial isolates were observed in the hindgut that demonstrated predominance of cellulolytic bacteria(47.6%).The majority of the xylanolytic and dye-decolorization bacteria(50%)were obtained from the foregut and midgut,respectively.Actinobacteria represented by Dietza sp.was observed in the hindgut only.Based on species richness,the highest diversity was observed in midgut and hindgut regions each of which harbored seven unique bacterial species.The members of Enterobacter,Klebsiella,and Pseudomonas were common among the gut regions.The lignocellulolytic activities of the selected potential bacteria signpost their assistance to the host for lignocellulose digestion.The overall results indicate that C.formosanus harbors diverse communities of lignocellulolytic bacteria in different regions of the gut system.These observations will significantly advance our understanding of the termite–bacteria symbiosis and their microbial ecology uniquely existed in different gut regions of C.formosanus,which may further shed a light on its potential values at termite-modeled biotechnology.

白蚁肠道共生微生物的作用:酵母,一个“隐身”的特别菌群（英文）

长期以来,白蚁对木质纤维素的降解能力令人惊叹,毫无疑问,其在全球碳循环中扮演着一个十分重要的角色。这一强大功能的实现极大地依赖于一种特别的肠道"消化液(digestome)",它的构成不仅包括了来自白蚁自身产生的木质纤维素降解酶系统,还来源于独特与多样的肠道共生微生物的贡献(包括了古细菌、细菌、酵母以及其他真核生物),它们的协同作用能有效地将木质纤维素生物质高效转化为乙酸、甲烷、二氧化碳、氢气等物质。然而,到目前为止,我们对这类昆虫的独特肠道生物转化系统的认识还很不深入,特别是针对肠道内的那些各类共生微生物菌群的功能、白蚁与共生微生物间的相互关系、以及潜在的科学与应用价值还无法给予明确的科学解释,更不用说针对其肠道中的共生酵母菌群,一类通常被忽略的独特微生物。近20多年来,越来越多的研究证据表明,白蚁肠道共生酵母在与寄主的关系中表现了不可或缺的重要性与独特功能,已被证明广泛分布于不同白蚁及许多其他昆虫的肠道中。随着近20年来越来越多昆虫肠道共生微生物酵母群被发现和鉴定,他们潜在的功能以及与寄主的共生机制被逐步解析,这些研究结果进一步揭示了"隐身"的昆虫肠道酵母类微生物菌群与寄主的营养、关键生物质转化过程中的重要酶系统、转化过程中的关键中间产物的转化与利用、抵御外源性的重要病原物,甚至对白蚁种群繁衍的远缘交配等方面均可能发挥了重要和不可缺少的作用。本文将试图归纳相关研究的最新进展,系统总结与解析白蚁肠道来源共生酵母的重要科学价值及其在不同领域的潜在应用前景。

In-service aircraft engines turbine blades life prediction based on multi-modal operation and maintenance data

The in-service life of turbine blades directly affects the on-wing lifetime and operating cost of aircraft engines.It would be essential to accurately evaluate the remaining useful life of turbine blades for safe engine operation and reasonable maintenance decision-making.In this paper,a machine learning-based mechanism with multiple information fusion is proposed to predict the remaining useful life of high-pressure turbine blades.The developed method takes account of the in-service operating factors such as the high-pressure rotor speed and exhaust gas temperature,as well as the engine operating environments and performance degradation.The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated on simulated test cases generated by an integrated blade creep-life assessment model,which comprises engine performance,blade stress,thermal,and creep life estimation models.The results show that the proposed method provides a prospective result for in-service life evaluation of turbine blades and is of significance to evaluating the engine on-wing lifetime and making a reasonable maintenance plan.