Research and Practice of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation Training Programs

In today’s society, the incidence of cardiopulmonary diseases is increasing annually, seriously affecting patients’ quality of life. Therefore, developing a scientific and effective rehabilitation training program is of great significance. This study first analyzes the theoretical basis of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, including the effects of aerobic exercise, interval training, and strength training on cardiopulmonary function. Based on this, a comprehensive rehabilitation training program is designed, which includes personalized training plans, comprehensive interventions, multidisciplinary collaboration, patient education, and regular follow-up visits. The cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training plan developed in this study has certain scientific practicability, which provides a theoretical basis for cardiopulmonary rehabilitation training, and also provides a reference for medical institutions, rehabilitation centers and communities, which is helpful for promotion and application to a wider range of patients with cardiopulmonary diseases.

Intervention Effect of Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot with Task-Oriented Training on Stroke Patients and Its Influence on KFAROM Score

Objective: To explore the effect of lower limb rehabilitation robot combined with task-oriented training on stroke patients and its influence on KFAROM score. Methods: 100 stroke patients with hemiplegia admitted to our hospital from January 2023 to December 2023 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group (50 cases) was given task-oriented training assisted by nurses, and the observation group (50 cases) was given lower limb rehabilitation robot with task-oriented training. Lower limb balance, lower limb muscle strength, motor function, ankle function, knee flexion range of motion and walking ability were observed. Results: After treatment, the scores of BBS, quadriceps femoris and hamstrings in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of stroke patients, the combination of task-oriented training and lower limb rehabilitation robot can effectively improve the lower limb muscle strength, facilitate the recovery of balance function, and have a significant effect on the recovery of motor function, which can improve the walking ability of stroke patients and the range of motion of knee flexion, and achieve more ideal therapeutic effectiveness.

高速公路差异化收费研究综述

围绕制定科学合理的差异化收费方案,对高速公路差异化收费的出现背景、实现方式以及相关理论与关键技术进行系统阐述,简要介绍了广西、天津、河北高速公路差异化收费升级改造的案例及各自的设计要点与应用效果,并对高速公路差异化收费的研究趋势做出展望。

Numerical investigation on dynamic characteristics of flow field in cyclone separators with different dust hopper structures

The dynamic characteristics of flow field in cyclone separators with different dust hopper structures were studied by coupling Reynolds Stress Model(RSM)and Lagrangian Particle Tracking(LPT)methods.The characteristic frequencies of cylinder section,cone section and dust hopper were calculated as f_(1)=53 Hz,f_(2)=65 Hz,and f_(3)=8 Hz by using Fast Fourier Transform(FFT)method,respectively.Based on the effects of f3 on the motion of vortex,the separated space was divided into none affected region,weakly affected region,and strongly affected region.The characteristic frequency of dust hopper increased with the decrease of dust hopper diameter,while it was independent of the height.The dust hopper with d=1.5D(model D3)and h=1.5D(model H3)can significantly decrease the effect of back-mixing on the motion of inner vortex,which is beneficial to improve the efficiency of cyclone separator.

Effect of Cynodon dactylon community on the conservation and reinforcement of riparian shallow soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir area

Introduction:Riparian vegetation plays a crucial role in soil conservation and riverbank reinforcement.The Three Gorges hydrologic project has significantly changed the pattern of water-level fluctuation and riparian environment,which significantly influenced plant community development and its effect on soil conservation and riverbank protection.Cynodon dactylon,a perennial grass with developed root system and creeping stems,has become a dominant riparian species in the Three Gorges area after the completion of the dam.We aimed to characterize how the soil-root system under the C.dactylon community responded to environmental changes and effects of the soil-root system on shallow soil conservation and riverbank reinforcement through field investigation and laboratory test.Methods:We conducted a field survey and experimental research.Quadrates of a natural C.dactylon community were set up on a riverbank along an altitude gradient.Plants were sampled randomly for the measurements of spatial structure and tensile strength of roots.Soil erosion resistance,soil scour resistance,and shear strength of sampled soil-root systems and control soil were tested in the laboratory.Results:Roots of the C.dactylon community significantly increased soil erosion resistance,soil scour resistance,and shear strength,enhancing the stability of shallow soil and riverbank.Due to water-level fluctuation,C.dactylon at lower altitudes was subjected to less time exposed to air.As a result,the soil-root systems at lower altitudes were characterized by reduced biomass with reduced capacity for soil reinforcement as measured through erosion resistance,soil scour resistance,and shear strength.The correlation analysis indicated that root biomass had a significant positive linear correlation with the enhancement of erosion resistance and scour resistance,and shear strength,respectively.Conclusions:Roots of the C.dactylon community effectively enhanced the stability of riparian shallow soil and riverbank.The fluctuation in water level caused the difference of root growth as the exposed time of plants decreases with the decrease of altitude.The difference of root structure resulted in the variation of the soil-root system in soil conservation and reinforcement.

Effects of exotic species Larix kaempferi on diversity and activity of soil microorganisms in Dalaoling National Forest Park

Introduction:Soil microbial community plays a crucial role in the ecological processes of soil ecosystem.Forest species introduction often changes profoundly soil ecological processes in the forest.Larix kaempferi(Lam.)was introduced to China from Japan as a timber tree species in the 1960s.The activity and functional diversity of soil microorganisms in the L.kaempferi forest in Dalaoling National Forest Park in Hubei Province,China,was studied to evaluate the effects of this exotic species on the local soil ecosystems.Methods:Quadrates were set up randomly in the L.kaempferi forests cultivated in 1990 and 1996 and the surrounding Pinus armandii forest cultivated in 1990.Soil samples were collected using a soil corer at five locations along the diagonals in each quadrat.The activity and functional diversity of soil microorganisms were tested using the BIOLOG technique in laboratory.Results:The diversity,activity,and carbon utilization pattern of soil microorganism community and soil physicochemical properties were all impacted by the introduced species.The average well color development(AWCD)and Shannon’s richness index(H)of the soil microorganism community in the L.kaempferi forest decreased with the increase in forest age and were significantly lower than those in the surrounding native P.armandii forest.The carbon source utilization pattern of soil microorganism community in a 23-year-old L.kaempferi forest differed significantly from a 17-year-old L.kaempferi forest and the P.armandii forest.The introduced species also resulted in the changes of soil physicochemical properties.The organic material content,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,and total phosphorus in the soil of L.kaempferi forest were significantly lower than those in the soil of P.armandii forest.Conclusions:Introduction and long-time cultivation of L.kaempferi significantly altered the soil microbial functional diversity and activity and the soil physicochemical properties.The alteration increased with the increase of forest age.

Initial response of fish trophic niche to hydrological alteration in the upstream of Three Gorges Dam

Introduction:Damming is one of the dramatic impacts to river food webs due to habitat fragmentation and changes in the hydrological regimes.The world’s largest dam,the Three Gorges Dam(TGD),has been constructed in the middle of Yangtze River since 2003.The objective of this study was to understand the effects of altered hydrological regime on the trophic structure of fish food web along the hydrological gradient in the TGD.Methods:Fish samples were collected from an upstream,a midstream and a downstream site of the Yangtze River upstream of the TGD in May and September of 2004.Muscle tissue of each fish species was determined for stable isotopic compositions(δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N)which were used to calculate isotope-based Bayesian community-wide trophic metrics.Results:Stable isotope trophic niche analysis reveals reduced utilization of basal resource and trophic niche space at the midstream and downstream sites.By contrast,community trophic diversity and species redundancy were higher at the downstream than the upstream and midstream,likely as the result of reduced the spectrum of basal resources.These findings suggested that the negative impacts on the overall trophic niche space from reduced flow,increased water depth and stagnancy occurred only one year after the completion of the TGD.Conclusions:Altered hydrological regimes posed multiple impacts to the aquatic food web.Reduced flow and increased water depth within TGD has posed initial effects to the fish community trophic structure.Further collections ana analysis of ecological data to compare the fish trophic structure revealed in this study are needed to assess the long-term impacts of TGD on fish community structure and resources utilization.

Preliminary study on the electrocatalytic performance of an iron biochar catalyst prepared from iron-enriched plants

Eichhornia crassipes is a hyperaccumulator of metals and has been widely used to remove metal pollutants from water, but disposal of contaminated plants is problematic.Biochar prepared from plants is commonly used to remediate soils and sequester carbon.Here, the catalytic activity of biochar prepared from plants enriched with iron was investigated as a potentially beneficial use of metal-contaminated plants.In a 30-day hydroponic experiment, E.crassipes was exposed to different concentrations of Fe(Ⅲ)(0, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/L), and Fe-biochar(Fe-BC) was prepared by pyrolysis of the plant roots.The biochar was characterized using X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(EDS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and atomic absorption spectrometry(AAS).The original root morphology was visible and iron was present as γ-Fe2O3 and Fe3O4.The biochar enriched with Fe(Ⅲ) at 8 mg/L(8-Fe-BC) had the smallest specific surface area(SSA, 13.54 m^2/g) and the highest Fe content(27.9 mg/g).Fe-BC catalytic activity was tested in the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2 using cyclic voltammetry(CV).The largest reduction current(1.82 mA/cm^2) was displayed by 8-Fe-BC, indicating the highest potential catalytic activity.We report here, for the first time, on the catalytic activity of biochar made from iron-enriched plants and demonstrate the potential for reusing metalcontaminated plants to produce a biochar catalyst.

Environmental stress and eutrophication in freshwater wetlands: evidence from carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in cattail (Typha domingensis Pers.)

Background:Florida’s Everglades is a vast freshwater peatland that has been impacted by the alterations of hydrological pattern and water quality which led to changes in plant species composition and biodiversity.In this study,carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes(δ13C andδ15N)in cattail(Typha domingensis)are evaluated as indicators of environmental changes in the Everglades wetlands along nutrient and hydrological gradients represented by reference sites with total phosphorus(TP)<10μg L−1,transition sites with TP≥10μg L−1<20μg L−1 and impacted sites with TP≥20μg L−1 which differed in hydrology or habitats(marsh and canal).Results:Cattailδ13C values decreased significantly from reference(–24.1‰),transition(–26.8‰)to the impacted sites(–28.2‰).In contrast,δ15N values increased significantly from reference(–5.2‰),transition(2.4‰)to the impacted site(5.9‰).In response to a poor hydrological condition,cattail in marsh area displayed 13C enrichment(–26.0‰)and 15N depletion(0.2‰).By contrast,cattail grown in the canal sites with favorable hydropattern displayed 13C depletion(–27.6‰)and 15N enrichment(5.9‰)from the canal sites with more favorable hydrological condition.Conclusions:The different patterns for the changes inδ13C andδ15N in cattail suggested that increased nutrients led to increased stomatal conductance and 13C fractionation during carbon uptake and decreased 15N fractionation with increasing nitrogen demand while poor hydrological condition coupled with low nutrients led to reduced plant growth indicated by higherδ13C and lowerδ15N values.Findings from this study suggested thatδ13C in emerged macrophytes such as cattail can be used as an indicator for environmental stress whileδ15N is a robust indicator for wetland eutrophication.