Inherent thermal-responsive strategies for safe lithium batteries

Safe batteries are the basis for next-generation application scenarios such as portable energy storage devices and electric vehicles,which are crucial to achieving carbon neutralization.Electrolytes,separators,and electrodes as main components of lithium batteries strongly affect the occurrence of safety accidents.Responsive materials,which can respond to external stimuli or environmental change,have triggered extensive attentions recently,holding great promise in facilitating safe and smart batteries.This review thoroughly discusses recent advances regarding the construction of high-safety lithium batteries based on internal thermal-responsive strategies,together with the corresponding changes in electrochemical performance under external stimulus.Furthermore,the existing challenges and outlook for the design of safe batteries are presented,creating valuable insights and proposing directions for the practical implementation of safe lithium batteries.

Crystallinity engineering of carbon nitride protective coating for ultra-stable Zn metal anodes

Ineffective control of dendrite growth and side reactions on Zn anodes significantly retards commercialization of aqueous Zn-ion batteries.Unlike conventional interfacial modification strategies that are primarily focused on component optimization or microstructural tuning,herein,we propose a crystallinity engineering strategy by developing highly crystalline carbon nitride protective layers for Zn anodes through molten salt treatment.Interestingly,the highly ordered structure along with sufficient functional polar groups and pre-intercalated Kþendows the coating with high ionic conductivity,strong hydrophilicity,and accelerated ion diffusion kinetics.Theoretical calculations also confirm its enhanced Zn adsorption capability compared to commonly reported carbon nitride with amorphous or semi-crystalline structure and bare Zn.Benefiting from the aforementioned features,the as-synthesized protective layer enables a calendar lifespan of symmetric cells for 1100 h and outstanding stability of full cells with capacity retention of 91.5%after 1500 cycles.This work proposes a new conceptual strategy for Zn anode protection.

Clinical characteristics of hypersensitivity pneumonitis:non-fibrotic and fibrotic subtypes

Background:The presence of fibrosis is a criterion for subtype classification in the newly updated hypersensitivity pneumonitis(HP)guidelines.The present study aimed to summarize differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis of non-fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis(NFHP)and fibrotic hypersensitivity pneumonitis(FHP)and explore factors associated with the presence of fibrosis.Methods:In this prospective cohort study,patients diagnosed with HP through a multidisciplinary discussion were enrolled.Collected data included demographic and clinical characteristics,laboratory findings,and radiologic and histopathological features.Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore factors related to the presence of fibrosis.Results:A total of 202 patients with HP were enrolled,including 87(43.1%)NFHP patients and 115(56.9%)FHP patients.Patients with FHP were older and more frequently presented with dyspnea,crackles,and digital clubbing than patients with NFHP.Serum levels of carcinoembryonic antigen,carbohydrate antigen 125,carbohydrate antigen 153,gastrin-releasing peptide precursor,squamous cell carcinoma antigen,and antigen cytokeratin 21-1,and count of bronchoalveolar lavage(BAL)eosinophils were higher in the FHP group than in the NFHP group.BAL lymphocytosis was present in both groups,but less pronounced in the FHP group.Multivariable regression analyses revealed that older age,<20%of lymphocyte in BAL,and≥1.75%of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors for the development of FHP.Twelve patients developed adverse outcomes,with a median survival time of 12.5 months,all of whom had FHP.Conclusions:Older age,<20%of lymphocyte in BAL,and≥1.75%of eosinophil in BAL were risk factors associated with the development of FHP.Prognosis of patients with NFHP was better than that of patients with FHP.These results may provide insights into the mechanisms of fibrosis in HP.

An examination and prospect of stabilizing Li metal anode in lithium-sulfur batteries:A review of latest progress

The Li metal anode emerges as a formidable competitor among anode materials for lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries;nevertheless,safety issues pose a significant hurdle in its path toward commercial viability.This review enumerates three historical challenges inherent to the Li metal anode:unavoidable volume expansion,multifunctional solid electrolyte interface formation,and uncontrollable lithium dendrite growth.In particular,when paired with a sulfur cathode,the Li anode presents an additional unique hurdle:the shuttle effect.To address these issues,this article offers a thorough examination of the latest innovations aimed at stabilizing the Li metal anode within Li-S batteries.We categorize these approaches into five classifications:liquid electrolyte optimization,enhancement of non-liquid-state electrolytes,Li metal surface modification,Li anode architecture design,and Li alloy improvement.For several noteworthy results within these categories,we have compiled their electrochemical performance into tables,facilitating direct comparison.This detailed analysis illuminates feasible strategies and suggests directions warranting further exploration for optimizing the capability and safety of Li metal anodes in Li-S batteries.