Optimization of hydrothermal pretreatment for co-utilization of xylose and glucose of cassava anaerobic residue for producing ethanol

The development of a process that could recover biofuel from industrial cellulose waste can not only reduce the negative environmental impacts by using fossil fuels, but also bring a green idea for the waste’s disposing. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was optimized for cassava anaerobic residue, a cellulosic waste from cassava ethanol industry, to co-utilize xylose and glucose for producing bioethanol. The effect of the main pretreatment conditions, namely, temperature, solid content and time, was explored for the highest recovery of xylose in prehydrolysate and glucose in enzymatic hydrolysate. The single factor experiment results showed that the conditions for maximum xylose recovery in prehydrolysate and glucose recovery in enzymatic hydrolysate were 60℃, 75 min, 10% solids and 160℃, 75 min, 10% solids, respectively. Whereafter, response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to further optimize the pretreatment conditions for the maximum theoretical ethanol production through utilizing both xylose and glucose. A treatment at 163℃, for 59 min and with 9.5%solids was found optimal, with the highest ethanol production of 20.2 mg·g^-1 raw material. Furthermore, in order to assess the impacts of the pretreatment on cassava anaerobic residue, the changes in crystallinity and morphology for untreated and pretreated solids were investigated.

Adsorption equilibria of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on cyano-silica column from supercritical carbon dioxide/ethanol

Adsorption equilibria of paeoniflorin and albiflorin on a cyano-silica column(CN column) from the solution of supercritical carbon dioxide(scCO2) modified with ethanol were studied. The adsorption capacity at 308.15 K,313.15 K, 318.15 K and 323.15 K under pressures corresponding to carbon dioxide/ethanol densities from0.347 g·cm^-3 to 0.662 g·cm^-3 were determined using the elution by characteristic point method(ECP). The effects of temperature and pressure on the solute loading were investigated. The results showed that the lower the temperature, the higher the adsorption capacity. With the decrease of density of scCO2, the adsorption capacity strengthens. The maximum adsorption capacity of paeoniflorin(albiflorin) on the CN column was15.24 mg·ml^-1(31.14 mg·ml^-1) in the range of 0–1.84 mg·ml^-1(0–1.67 mg·ml^-1) of paeoniflorin(albiflorin)standard solution. The adsorption capacity of albiflorin was twice as much as that of paeoniflorin under the same conditions. Adsorption data of paeoniflorin and albiflorin could be well described by the Langmuir model and Freundlich model. Compared with the two model fitting results, the adsorption of paeoniflorin and albiflorin belonged to the monolayer adsorption under conditions of 308.15–323.15 K and 10–17 MPa.

A型肉毒毒素使用与管理情况分析

分析安徽医科大学第一附属医院门诊A型肉毒毒素使用现状,探讨该药的规范管理。随机抽取安徽医科大学第一附属医院2019年1月至2020年12月A型肉毒毒素的门诊处方300张,分析A型肉毒毒素门诊使用情况、处方的合格率和药事管理情况。300例使用A型肉毒毒素的患者中,用于除皱、眼痉挛、咬肌肥大瘦脸、瘦小腿、组织无力、瘢痕和多汗症的分别为91例(30.33%)、94例(31.33%)、65例(21.67%)、47例(15.67%)、1例(0.33%)、1例(0.33%)和1例(0.33%)。发现不合格处方60张(20.00%),其中未注明剩余药品处理方法的29张(48.33%),无医师和药师双签的26张(43.33%),诊断不明确3张(5%),超说明书剂量用药和未注明处方日期各1张(1.67%)。肉毒素使用过程中出现未注明剩余药品处理、处方没有双签、超剂量、诊断不明确等不合理用药情况,药师在发药审核中拦截并联系医生修改处方后,基本符合国家对毒性药品的管理要求。