Chrysanthemum×morifolium is a horticultural crop which plays a vital role in theflower industry with signifi-cant economic value and has a cultivation history of over three thousand years in China.The accumulation ...Chrysanthemum×morifolium is a horticultural crop which plays a vital role in theflower industry with signifi-cant economic value and has a cultivation history of over three thousand years in China.The accumulation of anthocyanins is always affected by light.Here,we revealed that anthocyanin accumulation is highly dependent on light in‘2021135’genotype chrysanthemum,while it is light-independent in‘2001402’genotype chrysanthe-mum.However,no literature has been reported regarding the non-photosensitive chrysanthemum in anthocya-nins light-independent synthesis pathways.Through the phenotype analysis of 44 F1 generations,we found that light-independence is a dominant trait which can be stable inherited by progeny.The transcriptome of the rayflorets of‘2021135’and‘2001402’under light and bagging treatment were sequenced and analyzed.Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),K-means analysis,and Real-Time Quantitative Poly-merase Chain Reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis,16 genes were highly correlated with the anthocyanin content.The anthocyanin content of rayflorets treated with different light-quality conditions indicated that blue light signifi-cantly affected anthocyanin accumulations.Through Yeast one-hybrid analysis,CmBIC1.1 and CmBIC1.2 can directly regulate the anthocyanin structural gene CmCHS2.In our study,we revealed the important characteristics of light-independent anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums and screened regulatory factors in light-depen-dent and light-independent anthocyanin synthesis pathways.The results laid the groundwork for subsequent ana-lysis of the molecular mechanism involved in the light-independent synthesis of anthocyanins in chrysanthemums.展开更多
In this study, the effect of activated peroxydisulfate(PDS) by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma and activated carbon(HGAC) on the removal of acid orange Ⅱ(AOⅡ) was investigated. The effects of applied voltag...In this study, the effect of activated peroxydisulfate(PDS) by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma and activated carbon(HGAC) on the removal of acid orange Ⅱ(AOⅡ) was investigated. The effects of applied voltage, PDS dosage, HGAC dosage, initial pH value, and inorganic anions on the removal rate of AOⅡ were discussed. The main free radicals degrading azo dyes during the experiment were also studied. Experimental results show that the removal rate of AOⅡ in DBD/HGAC/PDS synergistic system is much higher than that in the single system. With the applied voltage of 16 kV, HGAC dosage of 1 g l-1, PDS and AOⅡ molar ratio of 200:1, initial pH value of 5.4 and concentration of AOⅡ solution of 20 mg l-1, the removal rate of AOⅡ reached 97.6% in DBD/HGAC/PDS process after 28 min of reaction.Acidic and neutral conditions are beneficial for AOⅡ removal. Sulfate and hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the removal of AOⅡ. Inorganic anions are not conducive to the removal of AOⅡ.展开更多
The molecular dynamics method is used to investigate decomposition of methane hydrate at different temperatures,pressures and concentrations of inhibitor.By analyzing the parameters of system conformation,mean square ...The molecular dynamics method is used to investigate decomposition of methane hydrate at different temperatures,pressures and concentrations of inhibitor.By analyzing the parameters of system conformation,mean square displacement and radial distribution function,the decomposition of hydrate in the presence of alcohol inhibitors ethylene glycol and glycerol is explored.The results show that the hydroxyl groups in alcohol molecules can destroy the cage structure of hydrate,and form hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules to effectively prevent the reformation of hydrate.Therefore,ethylene glycol and glycerol serve as inhibitors of methane hydrate,furthermore,in terms of inhibition effect,glycerol is better than ethylene glycol by comparing rate of hydrate decomposition.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is developing rapidly and has found widespread applications in medicine,especially radiotherapy.This paper provides a brief overview of AI applications in radiotherapy,and highlights the res...Artificial intelligence(AI)is developing rapidly and has found widespread applications in medicine,especially radiotherapy.This paper provides a brief overview of AI applications in radiotherapy,and highlights the research directions of AI that can potentially make significant impacts and relevant ongoing research works in these directions.Challenging issues related to the clinical applications of AI,such as robustness and interpretability of AI models,are also discussed.The future research directions of AI in the field of medical physics and radiotherapy are highlighted.展开更多
We demonstrate a high power,Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser in an anti-misaligned resonator.Based on the Faraday effect,a 1.61 W single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)laser is obtained with the double corner-cube-retro...We demonstrate a high power,Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser in an anti-misaligned resonator.Based on the Faraday effect,a 1.61 W single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)laser is obtained with the double corner-cube-retroreflector(CCR)structure,and the tunable wavelength is 1649.2-1650.3 nm.Additionally,we investigate the anti-misalignment characteristics when the CCR moves and rotates along the optical axis.Furthermore,by utilizing the Er:Lu AG amplifier,the maximum 2.32 W single-longitudinal-mode laser at 1649.6 nm is achieved.The beam quality factors M^(2) of the 2.32 W Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser are 1.23 and 1.25 along the horizontal(x)and vertical(y)directions,respectively.展开更多
Particle motion in a screw conveyor was simulated w让h the discrete element method. The particle flow behavior and transport processes at different screw rotating speeds and filling levels were investigated in this st...Particle motion in a screw conveyor was simulated w让h the discrete element method. The particle flow behavior and transport processes at different screw rotating speeds and filling levels were investigated in this study. The spatial distributions of particle velocity were predicted. The predicted mass flow rate increased w让h increasing screw rotating speed and filling level. The contact forces and granular temperatures of particles were also calculated. The simulation results showed that the translational granular particle temperatures were higher than the rotational granular particle temperatures. In add让ion, the configurational temperatures of particles were calculated from simulated instantaneous particle overlaps, and results indicated that deformation of elastic particles contributed to the rate of energy dissipation. Good agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental results was achieved in this study.展开更多
Carbonate clumped isotope(Δ47)is a new and reliable geothermometer.Endogenic carbonates in lake sediments are good archives to reconstruct lake water temperature using clumped isotope thermometry.However,applications...Carbonate clumped isotope(Δ47)is a new and reliable geothermometer.Endogenic carbonates in lake sediments are good archives to reconstruct lake water temperature using clumped isotope thermometry.However,applications of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates are still scarce because the existed organic and/or sulfur contaminants in such samples interfere with clumped isotope analysis and cause notable temperature biases.Therefore,exploring an effective way to remove contamination is a prerequisite to widely applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lake sediments.By pretreating fine-grained endogenic carbonates from Dali lake sediments with hydrogen peroxide of different concentrations for different lengths of time,we conducted a series of conditional experiments to seek the optimal pretreatment condition for clumped isotope analysis.Δ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter were obtained from clumped isotope measurements to assess the effect of contamination removal.Results showed that untreated samples("0%-0")had a very high 49 parameter.After the treatment with hydrogen peroxide,the 49 parameter was significantly reduced while theΔ48 offset evidently increased.TheΔ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter of samples pretreated under different conditions showed significant variability,even though the measuredΔ47 temperatures changed within a relatively narrow range(i.e.,from 17.0±1.3 to 22.8±1.6°C).Among various treated samples,the sample"3%-8"yielded a smallerΔ48 offset and 49 parameter,and lowerΔ47 temperature of 17.0±1.3°C.Therefore,"reacting with 3%hydrogen peroxide for 8 h"was suggested to be the optimal condition for removing contaminants from lacustrine endogenic carbonates prior to clumped isotope analysis.At the time when the pretreatment condition was too intense(i.e.,H2O2 concentration>3%and/or reaction time>8 h),secondary contaminants might have been generated in the closed reaction system,whose ultimately transformed state may interfere with masses 47,48.Using the optimal pretreatment procedure,we obtained reasonableΔ47 temperature changes during the last deglaciation and found a temperature decrease of about 6°C in Northern China during the Younger Dryas period.Our study demonstrates a great potential of applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates for paleo-temperature and paleo-elevation reconstructions in the future.展开更多
A high-energy,alignment-insensitive,injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)singlefrequency laser is developed.Both the slave Q-switched laser and the seed laser are Ho:YAG ring lasers based on a pa...A high-energy,alignment-insensitive,injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)singlefrequency laser is developed.Both the slave Q-switched laser and the seed laser are Ho:YAG ring lasers based on a pair of corner cubic reflectors.The seed laser has an available power of 830 mW at 2096.667 nm.At 100 Hz,the Q-switched Ho:YAG laser provides a single-frequency pulsed output using injection-seeded technology.The 7.3 mJ single-frequency pulse energy from the slave laser has a pulse width of 161.2 ns and is scaled to 33.3 mJ after passing through the Ho:YAG single-pass amplifier.According to the measurement results of the heterodyne beating technique,the single-frequency pulse has a half-width of 4.12 MHz.展开更多
基金supported by General Project of 2021 Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Comission(KM202111418001)Beijing Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant No.6212022).
文摘Chrysanthemum×morifolium is a horticultural crop which plays a vital role in theflower industry with signifi-cant economic value and has a cultivation history of over three thousand years in China.The accumulation of anthocyanins is always affected by light.Here,we revealed that anthocyanin accumulation is highly dependent on light in‘2021135’genotype chrysanthemum,while it is light-independent in‘2001402’genotype chrysanthe-mum.However,no literature has been reported regarding the non-photosensitive chrysanthemum in anthocya-nins light-independent synthesis pathways.Through the phenotype analysis of 44 F1 generations,we found that light-independence is a dominant trait which can be stable inherited by progeny.The transcriptome of the rayflorets of‘2021135’and‘2001402’under light and bagging treatment were sequenced and analyzed.Based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis(WGCNA),K-means analysis,and Real-Time Quantitative Poly-merase Chain Reaction(RT-qPCR)analysis,16 genes were highly correlated with the anthocyanin content.The anthocyanin content of rayflorets treated with different light-quality conditions indicated that blue light signifi-cantly affected anthocyanin accumulations.Through Yeast one-hybrid analysis,CmBIC1.1 and CmBIC1.2 can directly regulate the anthocyanin structural gene CmCHS2.In our study,we revealed the important characteristics of light-independent anthocyanin synthesis in chrysanthemums and screened regulatory factors in light-depen-dent and light-independent anthocyanin synthesis pathways.The results laid the groundwork for subsequent ana-lysis of the molecular mechanism involved in the light-independent synthesis of anthocyanins in chrysanthemums.
基金National Natural Science Foundation Youth Project of China(No.51707093).
文摘In this study, the effect of activated peroxydisulfate(PDS) by dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma and activated carbon(HGAC) on the removal of acid orange Ⅱ(AOⅡ) was investigated. The effects of applied voltage, PDS dosage, HGAC dosage, initial pH value, and inorganic anions on the removal rate of AOⅡ were discussed. The main free radicals degrading azo dyes during the experiment were also studied. Experimental results show that the removal rate of AOⅡ in DBD/HGAC/PDS synergistic system is much higher than that in the single system. With the applied voltage of 16 kV, HGAC dosage of 1 g l-1, PDS and AOⅡ molar ratio of 200:1, initial pH value of 5.4 and concentration of AOⅡ solution of 20 mg l-1, the removal rate of AOⅡ reached 97.6% in DBD/HGAC/PDS process after 28 min of reaction.Acidic and neutral conditions are beneficial for AOⅡ removal. Sulfate and hydroxyl radicals play an important role in the removal of AOⅡ. Inorganic anions are not conducive to the removal of AOⅡ.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51876032)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China(Grant No.ZD2019E002).
文摘The molecular dynamics method is used to investigate decomposition of methane hydrate at different temperatures,pressures and concentrations of inhibitor.By analyzing the parameters of system conformation,mean square displacement and radial distribution function,the decomposition of hydrate in the presence of alcohol inhibitors ethylene glycol and glycerol is explored.The results show that the hydroxyl groups in alcohol molecules can destroy the cage structure of hydrate,and form hydrogen bonds with nearby water molecules to effectively prevent the reformation of hydrate.Therefore,ethylene glycol and glycerol serve as inhibitors of methane hydrate,furthermore,in terms of inhibition effect,glycerol is better than ethylene glycol by comparing rate of hydrate decomposition.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is developing rapidly and has found widespread applications in medicine,especially radiotherapy.This paper provides a brief overview of AI applications in radiotherapy,and highlights the research directions of AI that can potentially make significant impacts and relevant ongoing research works in these directions.Challenging issues related to the clinical applications of AI,such as robustness and interpretability of AI models,are also discussed.The future research directions of AI in the field of medical physics and radiotherapy are highlighted.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U20A20214 and 62275067)。
文摘We demonstrate a high power,Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser in an anti-misaligned resonator.Based on the Faraday effect,a 1.61 W single-longitudinal-mode(SLM)laser is obtained with the double corner-cube-retroreflector(CCR)structure,and the tunable wavelength is 1649.2-1650.3 nm.Additionally,we investigate the anti-misalignment characteristics when the CCR moves and rotates along the optical axis.Furthermore,by utilizing the Er:Lu AG amplifier,the maximum 2.32 W single-longitudinal-mode laser at 1649.6 nm is achieved.The beam quality factors M^(2) of the 2.32 W Er:Lu AG single-longitudinal-mode laser are 1.23 and 1.25 along the horizontal(x)and vertical(y)directions,respectively.
基金the National Science Foundation in China through grant (No. 21676051)State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing in China (2017).
文摘Particle motion in a screw conveyor was simulated w让h the discrete element method. The particle flow behavior and transport processes at different screw rotating speeds and filling levels were investigated in this study. The spatial distributions of particle velocity were predicted. The predicted mass flow rate increased w让h increasing screw rotating speed and filling level. The contact forces and granular temperatures of particles were also calculated. The simulation results showed that the translational granular particle temperatures were higher than the rotational granular particle temperatures. In add让ion, the configurational temperatures of particles were calculated from simulated instantaneous particle overlaps, and results indicated that deformation of elastic particles contributed to the rate of energy dissipation. Good agreement between the numerical simulation and experimental results was achieved in this study.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grants Nos.XDA19050104 and XDB26000000)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0603400)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.41931181&41672166)the Key Research Program of the Institute of Geology&Geophysics,CAS(Grant No.IGGCAS-201905)。
文摘Carbonate clumped isotope(Δ47)is a new and reliable geothermometer.Endogenic carbonates in lake sediments are good archives to reconstruct lake water temperature using clumped isotope thermometry.However,applications of carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates are still scarce because the existed organic and/or sulfur contaminants in such samples interfere with clumped isotope analysis and cause notable temperature biases.Therefore,exploring an effective way to remove contamination is a prerequisite to widely applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lake sediments.By pretreating fine-grained endogenic carbonates from Dali lake sediments with hydrogen peroxide of different concentrations for different lengths of time,we conducted a series of conditional experiments to seek the optimal pretreatment condition for clumped isotope analysis.Δ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter were obtained from clumped isotope measurements to assess the effect of contamination removal.Results showed that untreated samples("0%-0")had a very high 49 parameter.After the treatment with hydrogen peroxide,the 49 parameter was significantly reduced while theΔ48 offset evidently increased.TheΔ47,Δ48 offset and 49 parameter of samples pretreated under different conditions showed significant variability,even though the measuredΔ47 temperatures changed within a relatively narrow range(i.e.,from 17.0±1.3 to 22.8±1.6°C).Among various treated samples,the sample"3%-8"yielded a smallerΔ48 offset and 49 parameter,and lowerΔ47 temperature of 17.0±1.3°C.Therefore,"reacting with 3%hydrogen peroxide for 8 h"was suggested to be the optimal condition for removing contaminants from lacustrine endogenic carbonates prior to clumped isotope analysis.At the time when the pretreatment condition was too intense(i.e.,H2O2 concentration>3%and/or reaction time>8 h),secondary contaminants might have been generated in the closed reaction system,whose ultimately transformed state may interfere with masses 47,48.Using the optimal pretreatment procedure,we obtained reasonableΔ47 temperature changes during the last deglaciation and found a temperature decrease of about 6°C in Northern China during the Younger Dryas period.Our study demonstrates a great potential of applying carbonate clumped isotope thermometry to lacustrine carbonates for paleo-temperature and paleo-elevation reconstructions in the future.
文摘A high-energy,alignment-insensitive,injection-seeded Q-switched Ho:yttrium aluminum garnet(YAG)singlefrequency laser is developed.Both the slave Q-switched laser and the seed laser are Ho:YAG ring lasers based on a pair of corner cubic reflectors.The seed laser has an available power of 830 mW at 2096.667 nm.At 100 Hz,the Q-switched Ho:YAG laser provides a single-frequency pulsed output using injection-seeded technology.The 7.3 mJ single-frequency pulse energy from the slave laser has a pulse width of 161.2 ns and is scaled to 33.3 mJ after passing through the Ho:YAG single-pass amplifier.According to the measurement results of the heterodyne beating technique,the single-frequency pulse has a half-width of 4.12 MHz.
