Multifaceted roles of LhWRKY44 in promoting anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies (Lilium spp.)

The Asiatic hybrid lily(Lilium spp.)is a horticultural crop with high commercial value and diverse anthocyanin pigmentation patterns.However,the regulatory mechanism underlying lily flower color has been largely unexplored.Here,we identified a WRKY transcription factor from lily tepals,LhWRKY44,whose expression was closely associated with anthocyanin accumulation.Functional verification indicated that LhWRKY44 positively regulated anthocyanin accumulation.LhWRKY44 physically interacted with LhMYBSPLATTER and directly bound to the LhMYBSPLATTER promoter,which enhanced the effect of the LhMYBSPLATTER-LhbHLH2 MBW complex activator on anthocyanin accumulation.Moreover,EMSA and dual-luciferase assays revealed that LhWRKY44 activated and bound to the promoters of gene LhF3H and the intracellular anthocyanin-related glutathione S-transferase gene LhGST.Interestingly,our further results showed that LhWRKY44 participated in light and drought-induced anthocyanin accumulation,and improved the drought tolerance in lily via activating stress-related genes.These results generated a multifaceted regulatory mechanism for the LhWRKY44-meditaed enhancement by the environmental signal pathway of anthocyanin accumulation and expanded our understanding of the WRKY-mediated transcriptional regulatory hierarchy modulating anthocyanin accumulation in Asiatic hybrid lilies.

ProbD: Faulty Path Detection Based on Probability in Software-Defined Networking

With the increasing number of switches in Software-Defined Network-ing(SDN),there are more and more faults rising in the data plane.However,due to the existence of link redundancy and multi-path forwarding mechanisms,these problems cannot be detected in time.The current faulty path detection mechan-isms have problems such as the large scale of detection and low efficiency,which is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient faulty path detection in large-scale SDN.Concerning this issue,we propose an efficient network path fault testing model ProbD based on probability detection.This model achieves a high prob-ability of detecting arbitrary path fault in the form of small-scale random sam-pling.Under a certain path fault rate,ProbD obtains the curve of sample size and probability of detecting arbitrary path fault by randomly sampling network paths several times.After a small number of experiments,the ProbD model can cor-rectly estimate the path fault rate of the network and calculate the total number of paths that need to be detected according to the different probability of detecting arbitrary path fault and the path fault rate of the network.Thefinal experimental results show that,compared with the full path coverage test,the ProbD model based on probability detection can achieve efficient network testing with less overhead.Besides,the larger the network scale is,the more overhead will be saved.

Numerical Simulation of Retrofit Scheme of a Boiler Tail Flue

Aiming at the problem that the total pressure loss of the flue of the electric precipitator of the 350 MW unit of a power plant to the inlet of the draft fan is too large,the numerical simulation software Fluent and the standard k-εmodel was used to simulate the flue,the results show that the main part of the flue mean total pressure loss is derived from the confluence header and elbow.In order to reduce the loss and consider the cost of transformation,the concept of twodimensional feature surface is established,gradually proposed three sets of flue transformation program and analysis of the flue transformation program drag reduction effect,the results show that the total reduction of the flue can be reduced from 486 Pa to 89 Pa and the reduction rate is 81.7%,which is the best solution;The concept of two-dimensional feature plane is helpful for quick condensing of flue;Double V-type structure of the convergence of the box has a better drag reduction effect.

Twitter Application to Chinese Language Learning:Lessons and Suggestions

本行动研究将推特对140字符的要求和中初级中文二语学习者在宽松环境中进行语言输出的需求联系起来,把推特引入大学中文二语课堂。基于学生推特行为的描述性统计数据和学生对期末调查问卷的反馈,本文反思和总结了此次教学探索的经验教训。作者提出,把推特这样的社交应用用作教育工具,任务性学习或项目性学习方面的教学结构设计仍然是必要的。作者也探讨了如何利用推特的社交功能建设中文二语学习者和教育者的学习社区。

Influence of Electrical Field Distortions Induced by Water Droplets on the Contamination Characteristics of an Insulator

When separated water droplets condense on the surface of a composite insulator,the electrical field on the insulator surface is distorted.In turn,such distortions change the trajectories of pollution particles.In this study,the COMSOL software is used to simulate such a process for the FXBW4-10/100 composite insulator with or without water droplets condensation under a 10 kV DC voltage.The influence of the wind speed and particles concentration on the contamination characteristics of the considered 110 kV insulator is analyzed.The results show that:1)in the presence of water droplets on the insulator surface,the ratio of electrical field force and gravity acting on the particles is large;2)the contamination on the insulator surface increases with the wind speed;3)when the wind speed is small,the relationship between the contamination amount and the pollution concentration is essentially linear.

Simulation of Electric Field Distribution along Insulator Surface in Polluted Environments

In recent years,more than 50%of the cities in the inland area of our country have suffered from moderate pollution.It can affect the distribution of electric field along the surface of insulator and the pollution characteristics of its surface area,even endanger the safe operation of transmission lines.This paper takes the XSP-160 porcelain three umbrella insulator under the action of 0–±30 kV DC voltage as the research object,and establishes the physical model of the insulator;uses COMSOL software to simulate the electric field of the insulator.The comparison with the results of the wind tunnel test of North China Electric Power University verifies the rationality of the simulation method.In view of the medium pollution environment which often occurs in the inland area,the force of the polluted particles deposited on the insulator under 110 kV DC voltage was analyzed.The distribution characteristics of the electric field along the surface in the clean and three kinds of pollution environment(light,medium and heavy)were simulated and compared.The results showed that:1)In the moderate pollution environment,the influence of fluid drag force on the movement of polluted particles is greater at the initial stage(0.28–0.33 s);at the late stage(after 0.33 s),the influence of the electric field force begins to increase,and gradually plays a major role in the process of fouling.2)In the three different polluted environments,the potential along the surface of each umbrella skirt of the insulator increases non-linearly with the increasing of the pollution concentration,and there are apparent potential inflection points near b and l.3)The pollution particle concentration has the most obvious influence on the electric field along the low-voltage umbrella skirt,whose potential distortion rate can be up to 220 times in the heavy polluted environment.

A Study on Left-behind Children's Communicative Willingness and Language Ability under the Influence of Internet Addiction--A Case Study of Zhejiang Province

This research studies the language communication barrier of left-behind children under the influence of Internet addiction.Leftbehind children aged 8-13 in primary school were taken as the research object.A total of 320 left-behind children from 10 primary schools in 5 regions of Zhejiang Province were selected as the research objects.In addition,30 primary school language teachers in Zhejiang Province were interviewed to explore the communicative willingness and language expression of left-behind children under the influence of"Internet addiction,"analyze the obstacle factors affecting the language communicative ability,and put forward corresponding opinions and suggestions.

Investigation on the Application Value of Infrared Forehead Temperature Gun in Body Temperature Screening of New Crown Epidemic

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia has had a great impact on the life safety of our people and social production activities.Therefore,it is very important and meaningful to analyze the application value of infrared forehead thermometers in body temperature screening under the new crown pneumonia epidemic and propose improved measures for body temperature detection.This paper summarizes the questionnaire on the application value of infrared forehead thermometer in body temperature screening and the results of staff interviews,and analyzes the principle of infrared forehead thermometer temperature measurement to explain the factors that affect the accuracy of temperature measurement results.Finally,it is concluded that the reflected radiation of the environment and the temperature measurement distance affect the accuracy of the temperature measurement results of the infrared forehead gun.

A multicenter uroflowmetry study of healthy women in China

Uroflowmetry is an uroflow measurement technique used to record the voided volume(VV)and flow rate,which can help clinicians objectively evaluate lower urinary tract function.Currently,few uroflowmetry studies have focused on the female population,[1]especially on the uroflow curve standard analysis.Hence,we sought to establish dependable uroflow reference values and nomograms for Chinese women and to evaluate the relationship between uroflow patterns and demographic data.

Mechanisms of glutamate metabolic function and dysfunction in vasculardementia

As the global population ages,research on the pathogenesis and treatment options for older patients with dementia has become increasingly important.Vascular dementia(VaD),the second most frequent type of dementia,is characterized by vascular impairment caused by inadequate blood supply to the brain.VaD is a complex neurological disorder involving multiple cells and signaling pathways,and its prevention and treatment pose clinical challenges with significant behavioral implications.Glutamate,the most abundant amino acid in the brain,plays a critical role as an excitatory neurotransmitter,impacting cognitive function,learning,and memory.Abnormal glutamate metabolism has been closely linked to dementia,and reduced blood flow to the brain can lead to excessive glutamate accumulation,resulting in neuronal death.This article highlights the connection between VaD and glutamate metabolism,aiming to identify better methods for preventing and treating VaD via regulating glutamate metabolism.

The MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade phosphorylates and stabilizes STOP1 to confer aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis

Aluminum(Al)toxicity can seriously restrict crop production on acidic soils,which comprise 40%of the world’s potentially arable land.The zinc finger transcription factor STOP1 has a conserved and essential function in mediating plant Al resistance.Al stress induces STOP1 accumulation via post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.However,the upstream signaling pathway involved in Al-triggered STOP1 accumulation remains unclear.Here,we report that the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade positively regulates STOP1 phosphorylation and stability.Mutations of MEKK1,MKK1/2,or MPK4 lead to decreased STOP1 stability and Al resistance.Al stress induces the kinase activity of MPK4,which interacts with and phosphorylates STOP1.The phosphorylation of STOP1 reduces its interaction with the F-box protein RAE1 that mediates STOP1 degradation,thereby leading to enhanced STOP1 stability and Al resistance.Taken together,our results suggest that the MEKK1-MKK1/2-MPK4 cascade is important for Al signaling and confers Al resistance through phosphorylation-mediated enhancement of STOP1 accumulation in Arabidopsis.

Information Purification Network for Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution

Recently,several well-performing deep convolutional neural networks were proposed for remote sensing image super-resolution(SR).However,these methods rarely consider that remote sensing images are corruptible by additional noise,blurring,and other factors.Therefore,to eliminate the interference of these factors,especially the noise,we propose a novel information purification network(IPN)for remote sensing image SR.The proposed information purification block(IPB)can process channel-wise features differently by channel separation and rescale spatial-wise features adaptively through the proposed multi-scale spatial attention mechanism.We further design an information group to explore a more powerful expressive combination of IPBs.Moreover,long and short skip connections can transmit abundant low-frequency information,making IPBs pay more attention to high-frequency information.We mix the images under various degradation models as training data in the training phase.In this way,the network can directly reconstruct various degraded images.Experiments on AID and UC Merced Land-Use datasets under multiple degradation models demonstrate that the proposed IPN performs better than state-of-the-art methods.

RFCNet:Remote Sensing Image Super-Resolution Using Residual Feature Calibration Network

In the field of single remote sensing image Super-Resolution(SR),deep Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)have achieved top performance.To further enhance convolutional module performance in processing remote sensing images,we construct an efficient residual feature calibration block to generate expressive features.After harvesting residual features,we first divide them into two parts along the channel dimension.One part flows to the Self-Calibrated Convolution(SCC)to be further refined,and the other part is rescaled by the proposed Two-Path Channel Attention(TPCA)mechanism.SCC corrects local features according to their expressions under the deep receptive field,so that the features can be refined without increasing the number of calculations.The proposed TPCA uses the means and variances of feature maps to obtain accurate channel attention vectors.Moreover,a region-level nonlocal operation is introduced to capture long-distance spatial contextual information by exploring pixel dependencies at the region level.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed residual feature calibration network is superior to other SR methods in terms of quantitative metrics and visual quality.

法医病理学PBL教学的课程设计与教案编制

死亡原因分析是法医学实践中最常面对也是最基础的工作内容。在以问题为基础的学习(problem-based learning,PBL)教学目标问题设计时,应以死亡原因分析为主线,兼顾其他相关问题。PBL课程案例选择要以目标问题为中心;同时考虑解决这些问题所用的法医病理专业理论知识点,使学生通过解决案例的问题切实学到专业理论知识;此外,还应考虑案例难易度、资料的趣味性、结论的明确性等。法医病理学PBL课程的环节包括通过案例提出目标问题,学生自主学习和探索解决问题,共同讨论获得目标问题答案。可根据每环节中的问题或知识点分成几幕,每幕以一个小问题引出一个或几个知识点,充分引导学生在解决问题中学习知识。教师的工作重点是把控学生工作方向,掌握学生能力状态,平衡学生机会等,以推动课程顺利实施并达到教学目的。

Single-cell RNA sequencing profiling of the effects of aging on alveolar stem cells

The aging of alveolar stem cells has been linked to many chronic lung diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis. However, the effects of aging on alveolar stem cells during homeostasis and post-injury alveolar repair have not been well characterized. Here we conducted a single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq) analysis of alveolar stem cells of 3-month-old and 12-month-old mice to characterize the aging effect on alveolar stem cells. Our results have shown that the transcriptomes of alveolar stem cells of 3-month-old and 12-month-old mice are not significantly different under the steady condition. However, after a bleomycin-induced lung injury, the alveolar stem cells of 12-month-old mice show enhanced inflammatory responses and decreased lipid metabolism. Our study suggests a close relationship among aging, lipid metabolism, inflammatory responses and chronic lung diseases.

Fast image recognition of transmission tower based on big data

Big data technology is more and more widely used in modern power systems.Efficient collection of big data such as equipment status,maintenance and grid operation in power systems,and data mining are the important research topics for big data application in smart grid.In this paper,the application of big data technology in fast image recognition of transmission towers which are obtained using fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)by large range tilt photography are researched.A method that using fast region-based convolutional neural networks(Rcnn)convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding(Caffe)to get deep learning of the massive transmission tower image,extract the image characteristics of the tower,train the tower model,and quickly recognize transmission tower image to generate power lines is proposed.The case study shows that this method can be used in tree barrier modeling of transmission lines,which can replace artificial identification of transmission tower,to reduce the time required for tower identification and generating power line,and improve the efficiency of tree barrier modeling by around 14.2%.

Active ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in wastewater treatment systems

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria(AOB)and archaea(AOA)are two microbial groups mediating nitrification,yet little is presently known about their abundances and community structures at the transcriptional level in wastewater treatment systems(WWTSs).This is a significant issue,as the numerical abundance of AOA or AOB at the gene level may not necessarily represent their functional role in ammonia oxidation.Using amo A genes as molecular markers,this study investigated the transcriptional abundance and community structure of active AOA and AOB in 14 WWTSs.Quantitative PCR results indicated that the transcriptional abundances of AOB amo A(averaged:1.6×10^(8)copies g^(-1)dry sludge)were higher than those of AOA(averaged:3.4×10^(7)copies g^(-1)dry sludge)in all WWTSs despite several higher abundances of AOA amo A at the gene level.Moreover,phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Nitrosomonas europaea and unknown clusters accounted for 37.66%and 49.96%of the total AOB amo A transcripts,respectively,suggesting their dominant role in driving ammonia oxidation.Meanwhile,AOA amo A transcripts were only successfully retrieved from 3 samples,and the Nitrosospaera sister cluster dominated,accounting for 83.46%.Finally,the substrate utilization kinetics of different AOA and AOB species might play a fundamental role in shaping their niche differentiation,community composition,and functional activity.This study provides a basis for evaluating the relative contributions of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms(AOMs)to nitrogen conversions in WWTSs.

Covalent organic framework containing dual redox centers as an efficient anode in Li-ion batteries

Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)with periodic channels and tunable chemical structures have been widely considered as promising electrode materials in rechargeable batteries.However,the design and construction of high-performance COFs-based electrodes still face some challenges in the introduction of multiple efficient redox centers as well as the reduction of dead mass.To address these issues,a unique COF containing double active centers(C═N and N═N)is developed as an anode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The as-prepared COF displays excellent electrochemical performance due to its remarkable structural stability and the existence of many active groups.Meanwhile,its electrochemical performance is significantly better than that of the small molecule compound or the linear polymer with the same construction units.Even at a high current density of 5 A/g,the LIBs with COF electrodes remain at a high discharge capacity of 227 mAh/g after 2000 cycles.Moreover,the distinction in electrochemical performances of these three materials is further revealed by calculation.This study illustrates the importance of molecular structure design for improving the performance of organic electrodes.

The ZFP541-KCTD19 complex is essential for pachytene progression by activating meiotic genes during mouse spermatogenesis

Meiosis is essential for fertility in sexually reproducing species and this sophisticated process has been extensively studied.Notwithstanding these efforts,key factors involved in meiosis have not been fully characterized.In this study,we investigate the regulatory roles of zinc finger protein 541(ZFP541)and its interacting protein potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 19(KCTD19)in spermatogenesis.ZFP541 is expressed from leptotene to the round spermatid stage,while the expression of KCTD19 is initiated in pachytene.Depletion of Zfp541 or Kctd19 leads to infertility in male mice and delays progression from early to mid/late pachynema.In addition,Zfp541^(-/-)spermatocytes show abnormal programmed DNA double-strand break repair,impaired crossover formation and resolution,and asynapsis of the XY chromosomes.ZFP541 interacts with KCTD19,histone deacetylase 1/2(HDAC1/2),and deoxynucleotidyl transferase terminal-interacting protein 1(DNTTIP1).Moreover,ZFP541 binds to and activates the expression of genes involved in meiosis and post-meiosis including Kctd19;in turn,KCTD19 promotes the transcriptional activation activity of ZFP541.Taken together,our studies reveal that the ZFP541/KCTD19 signaling complex,acting as a key transcription regulator,plays an indispensable role in male fertility by regulating pachytene progression.