鸡NRG4基因组及转录本结构分析

神经调节蛋白4(neuregulin 4,NRG4)是一个重要的脂肪细胞因子,在维持哺乳动物能量平衡、调节糖脂代谢和预防非酒精性脂肪性肝病中起着非常重要的作用。目前,人NRG4基因的基因组结构、转录异构体和蛋白异构体等已有深入的研究。本实验室前期研究显示,鸡脂肪组织也表达NRG4,但是目前有关鸡NRG4(chicken NRG4,cNRG4)基因的基因组结构、转录异构体和蛋白异构体尚不清楚。为此,本研究采用RACE(rapid-amplification of cDNA ends)和RT-PCR(reverse transcription-PCR)等技术,系统开展了cNRG4基因的基因组和转录本的结构分析。结果发现,cNRG4基因编码区很小,但该基因却非常复杂,存在选择性转录起始位点、选择性拼接、内含子滞留、隐匿外显子和选择性多聚腺苷酸化,这导致cNRG4基因产生4种不同的5ʹUTR异构体(cNRG4 A、cNRG4 B、cNRG4 C和cNRG4 D)和6种不同的3ʹUTR异构体(cNRG4 a、cNRG4 b、cNRG4 c、cNRG4 d、cNRG4 e和cNRG4 f)。基因组结构分析发现,cNRG4基因跨越基因组21,969 bp(Chr.10:3,490,314~3,512,282),由11个外显子和10个内含子构成。与NCBI数据库中的cNRG4基因mRNA序列(NM_001030544.4)相比,本研究发现了cNRG4基因的2个新外显子和1个隐匿外显子。生物信息学分析、RT-PCR、克隆和测序分析发现,cNRG4基因能编码3种蛋白异构体(cNRG4-1、cNRG4-2和cNRG4-3)。本研究为进一步开展cNRG4基因的功能和调控研究奠定了基础。

Research perspective and prospective of additive manufacturing of biodegradable magnesium-based materials

Biodegradable metals such as magnesium(Mg)and its alloys have attracted extensive attention in biomedical research due to their excellent mechanical properties and biodegradability.However,traditional casting,extrusion,and commercial processing have limitations in manufacturing components with a complex shape/structure,and these processes may produce defects such as cavities and gas pores which can degrade the properties and usefulness of the products.Compared to conventional techniques,additive manufacturing(AM)can be used to precisely control the geometry of workpieces made of different Mg-based materials with multiple geometric scales and produce desirable medical products for orthopedics,dentistry,and other fields.However,a detailed and thorough understanding of the raw materials,manufacturing processes,properties,and applications is required to foster the production of commercial Mg-based biomedical components by AM.This review summarizes recent advances and important issues pertaining to AM of Mg-based biomedical products and discusses future development and application trends.

Deep-ultraviolet photonics for the disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and its variants(Delta and Omicron)in the cryogenic environment

Deep-ultraviolet(DUV)disinfection technology provides an expeditious and efficient way to suppress the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).However,the influences of viral variants(Delta and Omicron)and low temperatures on the DUV virucidal efficacy are still unknown.Here,we developed a reliable and uniform planar light source comprised of 275-nm light-emitting diodes(LEDs)to investigate the effects of these two unknown factors and delineated the principle behind different disinfection performances.We found the lethal effect of DUV at the same radiation dose was reduced by the cryogenic environment,and a negative-U large-relaxation model was used to explain the difference in view of the photoelectronic nature.The chances were higher in the cryogenic environment for the capture of excited electrons within active genetic molecules back to the initial photo-ionised positions.Additionally,the variant of Omicron required a significantly higher DUV dose to achieve the same virucidal efficacy,and this was thanks to the genetic and proteinic characteristics of the Omicron.The findings in this study are important for human society using DUV disinfection in cold conditions(e.g.,the food cold chain logistics and the open air in winter),and the relevant DUV disinfection suggestion against COVID-19 is provided.

不同加工方式形成的波形表面弹塑性接触行为表征

不同的加工方法对表面接触行为产生了影响,涉及表面周期性、随机性和屈服应力等方面.本研究采用实验和数值方法,系统地研究了铣削、线切割电火花加工和滚花三种加工方法产生的表面凸起体在不同载荷条件下的接触行为.采用分段辅助的数字图像相关技术结合基于位移的弹塑性判据方法,直接观察了弹塑性边界.对不同加工方式形成的表面进行傅里叶变换,得到对应不同阶次的频率.对比评估了由不同阶次傅里叶频率生成的表面和原始表面的接触行为.全面讨论了接触过程中的接触面积、平均接触压力和塑性演变等参数。此外,还详细研究了在不同载荷条件下表面噪声对接触行为的影响.为了直观展示塑性扩展行为,本研究提出了基于平均接触压力和与每种加工方法形成的表面相关的干涉的塑性演变公式.此外,本文也研究了切向载荷和屈服应力对塑性扩展的影响。

Review of PPP-RTK:achievements,challenges,and opportunities

The PPP–RTK method,which combines the concepts of Precise of Point Positioning(PPP)and Real-Time Kinematic(RTK),is proposed to provide a centimeter-accuracy positioning service for an unlimited number of users.Recently,the PPP–RTK technique is becoming a promising tool for emerging applications such as autonomous vehicles and unmanned logistics as it has several advantages including high precision,full flexibility,and good privacy.This paper gives a detailed review of PPP–RTK focusing on its implementation methods,recent achievements as well as challenges and opportunities.Firstly,the fundamental approach to implement PPP–RTK is described and an overview of the research on key techniques,such as Uncalibrated Phase Delay(UPD)estimation,precise atmospheric correction retrieval and modeling,and fast PPP ambiguity resolution,is given.Then,the recent efforts and progress are addressed,such as improving the performance of PPP–RTK by combining multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations,single-frequency PPP–RTK for low-cost devices,and PPP–RTK for vehicle navigation.Also,the system construction and applications based on the PPP–RTK method are summarized.Moreover,the main issues that impact PPP–RTK performance are highlighted,including signal occlusion in complex urban areas and atmosphere modeling in extreme weather events.The new opportunities brought by the rapid development of low-cost markets,multiple sensors,and new-generation Low Earth Orbit(LEO)navigation constellation are also discussed.Finally,the paper concludes with some comments and the prospects for future research.

Principle and performance of multi-frequency and multi-GNSS PPP-RTK

PPP-RTK which takes full advantages of both Real-Time Kinematic(RTK)and Precise Point Positioning(PPP),is able to provide centimeter-level positioning accuracy with rapid integer Ambiguity Resolution(AR).In recent years,with the development of BeiDou Navigation Satellite System(BDS)and Galileo navigation satellite system(Galileo)as well as the modernization of Global Positioning System(GPS)and GLObal NAvigation Satellite System(GLONASS),more than 140 Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)satellites are available.Particularly,the new-generation GNSS satellites are capable of transmitting signals on three or more frequencies.Multi-GNSS and multi-frequency observations become available and can be used to enhance the performance of PPP-RTK.In this contribution,we develop a multi-GNSS and multi-frequency PPP-RTK model,which uses all the available GNSS observations,and comprehensively evaluate its performance in urban environments from the perspectives of positioning accuracy,convergence and fxing percentage.In this method,the precise atmospheric corrections are derived from the multi-frequency and multi-GNSS observations of a regional network,and then disseminated to users to achieve PPP rapid AR.Furthermore,a cascade ambiguity fxing strategy using Extra‐Wide‐Lane(EWL),Wide-Lane(WL)and L1 ambiguities is employed to improve the performance of ambiguity fxing in the urban environments.Vehicle experiments in diferent scenarios such as suburbs,overpasses,and tunnels are conducted to validate the proposed method.In suburbs,an accuracy of within 2 cm in the horizontal direction and 4 cm in the vertical direction,with the fxing percentage of 93.7%can be achieved.Compared to the GPS-only solution,the positioning accuracy is improved by 87.6%.In urban environments where signals are interrupted frequently,a fast ambiguity re-fxing can be achieved within 5 s.Moreover,multifrequency GNSS signals can further improve the positioning performance of PPP-RTK,particularly in the case of small amount of observations.These results demonstrate that the multi-frequency and multi-GNSS PPP-RTK is a promising tool for supporting precise vehicle navigation.

基于破损安全的柔性吊桥吊杆的优化设计

柔性吊桥是指不设加劲梁或加劲梁高度很小的吊桥,因其桥面系构造简单、耗钢量小、桥面架设和维护方便、桥型美观、造价低等特点,适用于我国地形地势复杂的西南山区。柔性悬索桥中大部分荷载由缆索承担,虽在设计时考虑了一定的安全系数,但随着时间的推移,车辆荷载作用下桥面将随悬索形状的改变而产生S形的变形,不利于行车安全,同时,因超载、疲劳等不确定因素会导致吊杆破损,给吊桥的安全运营带来威胁,加上山区自然环境恶劣,柔性吊桥疲劳寿命问题日益显现。近年来,我国因吊杆断裂导致桥梁垮塌的事件频频发生。因此需要对柔性吊桥吊杆进行优化设计,以保障桥梁的安全高效。以车里格桥为例,研究吊杆的破损安全优化设计方案,借助有限元软件计算原桥吊杆与基于应力差优化吊杆的内力,对比分析其是否能够实现寿命差。主要内容包括:1)通过理论分析和计算分析提出由内外部分组成的单吊杆优化方案代替传统的平行双吊杆,并对其应力差及强度差的“破损安全吊杆系统”进行评估。2)介绍一种通过改变应力幅达到破损安全的设计方法,并与普通单吊杆进行计算对比。3)用全动力模拟方法来模拟吊杆的骤断情况探究弹性块刚度对寿命差破损安全吊杆的破断影响。4)通过改变吊杆内外部分的面积比及弹性块的刚度探究了寿命差破损安全吊杆的优化效果。结果表明吊杆的破损安全优化设计方案并不能实现明显的寿命差,在上述基础上提出在安全束下方添加橡胶垫块的方案,通过调整应力幅差达到破损安全优化设计的目的,并通过静、动力分析验证其优化效果;最后通过调整截面参数和橡胶垫块刚度来探究破损安全吊杆的受力特点,结果表明:截面参数的调整对吊杆受力影响不大,橡胶垫刚度的改变对吊杆应力幅的影响较为明显。

Microstructural Evolution of Co_(35)Cr_(25)Fe_(30)Ni_(10) TRIP Complex Concentrated Alloy with the Addition of Minor Cu and Its Effect on Mechanical Properties

The influences of minor Cu addition(2 and 4 at.%)on the microstructural evolution and room-temperature mechanical property of metastable Co_(35)Cr_(25)Fe_(30)Ni_(10)are systemically investigated in the present study.The results indicate that the thermally induced hexagonal close-packed(HCP)phase is absent when Cu was added,due to the increase in stacking fault energy(SFE).The 2%-Cu-added alloys showed the largest total elongation of 69%among the three alloys.With the addition of Cu content reaching 4 at.%,heterogeneous grain structures composed of coarse grains(~9μm)and fine grains(~4μm)and Cu-rich precipitates near the grain boundary are observed,showing the highest yield strength.Additionally,the segregation state of Cu was quantitatively characterized by electron probe microanalysis(EPMA).And effects of Cu addition on microstructures and tensile properties of(Co_(35)Cr_(25)Fe_(30)Ni_(10))_(100-x) Cu _(x) are also discussed.The findings are beneficial to comprehensively understand the Cu-containing complex concentrated alloys.

Sampling visual SLAM with a wide-angle camera for legged mobile robots

Precise localisation and navigation are the two most important tasks for mobile robots.Visual simultaneous localisation and mapping(VSLAM)is useful in localisation systems of mobile robots.The wide-angle camera has a broad field of vision and more abundant information on images,so it is widely used in mobile robots,including legged robots.However,wide-angle cameras are more complicated than ordinary cameras in the design of visual localisation systems,and higher requirements and challenges are put forward for VSLAM technologies based on wide-angle cameras.In order to resolve the problem of distortion in wide-angle images and improve the accuracy of localisation,a sampling VSLAM based on a wide-angle camera model for legged mobile robots is proposed.For the predictability of the periodic motion of a legged robot,in the method,the images are sampled periodically,image blocks with clear texture are selected and the image details are enhanced to extract the feature points on the image.Then,the feature points of the blocks are extracted and by using the feature points of the blocks in the images,the feature points on the images are extracted.Finally,the points on the incident light through the normalised plane are selected as the template points;the relationship between the template points and the images is established through the wide-angle camera model,and the pixel coordinates of the template points in the images and the descriptors are calculated.Moreover,many experiments are conducted on the TUM datasets with a quadruped robot.The experimental results show that the trajectory error and translation error measured by the proposed method are reduced compared with the VINS-MONO,ORB-SLAM3 and Periodic SLAM systems.