ZnO/ZnS core-shell composites for low-temperature-processed perovskite solar cells

Electron transport layers （ETLs） in perovskite solar cells （PSCs） are a key factor to determine the photo- voltaic performance. Herein, we demonstrate preparation of ZnO/ZnS core-shell composites through di- rectly synthesizing ZnS on the ZnO nanoparticles in solution. We confirmed the formation of ZnO/ZnS core-shell composites by the uses of X-ray diffraction patterns and the Fourier transform infrared spec- troscopy. ZnO/ZnS composites exhibit much homogeneous surface morphology as compared with the bare ZnO as revealed in the scanning electronic microscopy. Moreover, the upper shift of conduction band level upon composition of the ZnO/ZnS film results in a better alignment of energy level, which facilitates cas- cade charge extraction and thus improves the current density of perovskite solar cell. The shift of conduc- tion band also improves the voltage of the PSCs. The photoluminescence （PL） spectroscopies measured in both steady and transient states were carried out to characterize the charge extraction at the interface between CH_3NH_3Pbl_3 and the electron transport layers of either ZnO or ZnO/ZnS composite. The ZnO/ZnS composite can more efficiently quench the PL signal of perovskite absorber than bare ZnO resulting in enhanced photocurrent generation in PSCs.

Dual Roles of CD38 in Autophagy

CD38 is a versatile, ubiquitously expressed protein that was identified as a multifunctional enzyme. Recently, cumulating evidence has suggested that CD38 is involved in autophagy, which is an evolutionarily conserved lysosomal degradation and recycling system. Acting as a enzyme, CD38 utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) to synthesize nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which acts as a key messenger for Ca2+-mobilizing in lysosome by targeting two-pore channels (TPCs) or transient receptor potential mucolipins (TRPMLs). Multiple studies have indicated that CD38 is involved in autophagy by modulating intracellular Ca2+ signaling. However, the control of autophagy by CD38 signaling is the subject of two contrary views. The autophagosomes trafficking and fusion with lysosomes to form autolysosomes are crucial steps in autophagy. On the one hand, the avail-able evidence indicates that lysosome trafficking and fusion to autophagosomes is positively modulated by CD38. On the other hand, overexpression of TPC2, which is positively modulated by CD38, was shown to promote the accumulation of autophagosomes, thus suppress autophagy. This review will reveal the interesting contrary dual roles of CD38 in autophagy, and critical insight into the molecular mechanisms of CD38 in autophagy regulation.

High carrier mobility and strong fluorescence emission: Toward highly sensitive single-crystal organic phototransistors

Organic single crystals(OSCs)offer a unique combination of both individual and collective properties of the employed molecules,but it remains highly challenging to achieve OSCs with both high mobilities and strong fluorescence emissions for their potential applications in multifunctional optoelectronics.Herein,we demonstrate the design and synthesis of two novel triphenylamine-functionalized thienoacenes-based organic semiconductors,4,8-distriphenylamineethynylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(4,8-DTEBDT)and 2,6-distriphenylamineethynylbenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene(2,6-DTEBDT),with high-mobility and strong fluorescence emission.The two compounds show the maximum mobilities up to 0.25 and 0.06 cm^(2) V^(-1) s^(-1),the photoluminescence quantum yields(PLQYs)of 51% and 45%,and the small binding energies down to 55.13 and 58.79 meV.The excellent electrical and optical properties ensured the application of 4,8-DTEBDT and 2,6-DTEBDT single crystals in ultrasensitive UV phototransistors,achieving high photoresponsivity of 9.60×105 and 6.43×10^(4) AW^(-1),and detectivity exceeding 5.68×10^(17) and 2.99×10^(16) Jones.

多边共管的多模态网络标识域名生成管理解析原型系统

面对新形势下互联网蓬勃发展给现有网络体系带来的挑战,现有单边主义下的域名管理系统(DNS)在专业化服务质量和安全管控方面已力不从心.本文从分析现有网络体系问题出发,结合世界网络发展趋势,明确新型网络基本技术特征,以高安全、高鲁棒、高效能和高可用性为导向,提出新型多模态域名管理技术框架,实现融合多边共管的投票管理和多模态网络下标识域名互访和互隧道功能的原型系统.原型系统通过现网测试验证了理论的正确性和可行性.该系统可以方便地应用于自主多模态标识空间下的主权网及高安全专网,为全世界对网络共管共治的诉求提供了中国方案.

Novel mutation c.1210-3C>G in cis with a poly-T tract of 5T affects CFTR mRNA splicing in a Chinese patient with cystic fibrosis

Cystic fibrosis(CF)is a rare autosomal recessive disease with only one pathogenic gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator(CFTR).To identify the potential pathogenic mutations in a Chinese patient with CF,we conducted Sanger sequencing on the genomic DNA of the patient and his parents and detected all 27 coding exons of CFTR and their flanking intronic regions.The patient is a compound heterozygote of c.2909G>A,p.Gly970Asp in exon 18 and c.1210-3C>G in cis with a poly-T of 5T(T5)sequence,3 bp upstream in intron 9.The splicing effect of c.1210-3C>G was verified via minigene assay in vitro,indicating that wild-type plasmid containing c.1210-3C together with T7 sequence produced a normal transcript and partial exon 10-skipping-transcript,whereas mutant plasmid containing c.1210-3G in cis with T5 sequence caused almost all mRNA to skip exon 10.Overall,c.1210-3C>G,the newly identified pathogenic mutation in our patient,in combination with T5 sequence in cis,affects the CFTR gene splicing and produces nearly no normal transcript in vitro.Moreover,this patient carries a p.Gly970Asp mutation,thus confirming the high-frequency of this mutation in Chinese patients with CF.

Replica location mechanism in data grid based on ED-Chord

A peer-to-peer hierarchical replica location mechanism(PRLM)was designed for data grids to provide better load balancing capability and scalability.Global replica indexes of the PRLM are organized based on even distributed Chord(ED-Chord)structure.The locality can optimize queries on local replica indexes of virtual organizations.ED-Chord protocol collects the node identifiers information using a distributed method and assigns optimal identifiers for new nodes to make them more uniformly distributed in the entire identifier space.Theoretical analysis and simulations show that PRLM provides good performance,scalability and load balanc-ing capability for replica location in data grids.