Variations of mesoscale eddy SST fronts based on an automatic detection method in the northern South China Sea

SST fronts at the mesoscale eddy edge(ME fronts)were investigated from 2007–2017 in the northern South China Sea(NSCS)based on an automatic method using satellite sea level anomaly(SLA)and SST data.The relative probabilities between the number of anticyclonic/cyclonic ME fronts(AEF/CEF)and the number of anticyclones/cyclones reached 20%.The northeastern and southwestern parts of these anticyclones had more fronts than the northwestern and southeastern parts,although CEFs were nearly equally distributed in all directions.The number of ME fronts had remarkable seasonal variations,while the eddy kinetic energy(EKE)showed no seasonal variations.The total EKE at the ME fronts was three times of that within the MEs,and it was much stronger in AEFs than in CEFs.The interannual variability in the number of ME fronts and EKE had no significant correlation with the El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)index.Possible mechanisms of ME fronts were discussed,but the contributions of mesoscale eddies to SST fronts need to be quantified in future studies.

Mulberry Biomass-Derived Nanomedicines Mitigate Colitis through Improved Inflamed Mucosa Accumulation and Intestinal Microenvironment Modulation

The therapeutic outcomes of conventional oral medications against ulcerative colitis(UC)are restricted by inefficient drug delivery to the colitis mucosa and weak capacity to modulate the inflammatory microenvironment.Herein,a fluorinated pluronic(FP127)was synthesized and employed to functionalize the surface of mulberry leaf-derived nanoparticles(MLNs)loading with resveratrol nanocrystals(RNs).The obtained FP127@RN-MLNs possessed exosome-like morphologies,desirable particle sizes(around 171.4 nm),and negatively charged surfaces(−14.8 mV).The introduction of FP127 to RN-MLNs greatly improved their stability in the colon and promoted their mucus infiltration and mucosal penetration capacities due to the unique fluorine effect.

The role of BRCA1 in DNA damage response

BRCA1 is a well-established tumor suppressor gene,which is frequently mutated in familial breast and ovarian cancers.The gene product of BRCA1 functions in a number of cellular pathways that maintain genomic stability,including DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoint activation,DNA damage repair,protein ubiquitination,chromatin remodeling,as well as transcriptional regulation and apoptosis.In this review,we discuss recent advances regarding our understanding of the role of BRCA1 in tumor suppression and DNA damage response,including DNA damage-induced cell cycle checkpoint activation and DNA damage repair.

RNF114 suppresses metastasis through regulation of PARP10 in cervical cancer cells

Dear editor,ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification catalysed by poly(ADP-ribose)polymerases(PARPs)and plays important roles in diverse biological processes,such as DNA repair,chromatin remodelling,telomere homeostasis,transcription,chromosome segregation,cell proliferation,and cell death[1,2].While much is known about the cellular roles of PARPs that catalyse polyADP ribosylation,the function of the PARPs that catalyse monoADP ribosylation is substantially less understood.

Pan-cancer analysis identifies RNA helicase DDX1 as a prognostic marker

The DEAD-box RNA helicase(DDX)family plays a critical role in the growth and development of multiple organisms.DDX1 is involved in mRNA/rRNA processing and mature,virus replication and transcription,hormone metabolism,tumo-rigenesis,and tumor development.However,how DDX1 functions in various cancers remains unclear.Here,we explored the potential oncogenic roles of DDX1 across 33 tumors with The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and the Genotype-Tissue Expression(GTEx)databases.DDX1 is highly expressed in breast cancer(BRCA),cholangiocarcinoma(CHOL),and colon adenocarcinoma(COAD),but it is lowly expressed in renal cancers,including kidney renal clear cell carcinoma(KIRC),kidney chromophobe(KICH),and kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma(KIRP).Low expression of DDX1 in KIRC is cor-related with a good prognosis of overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS).Highly expressed DDX1 is linked to a poor prognosis of OS for adrenocortical carcinoma(ACC),bladder urothelial carcinoma(BLCA),KICH,and liver hepatocellular carcinoma(LIHC).Also,the residue Ser481 of DDX1 had an enhanced phosphorylation level in BRCA and ovarian cancer(OV)but decreased in KIRC.Immune infiltration analysis exhibited that DDX1 expression affected CD8+T cells,and it was significantly associated with MSI(microsatellite instability),TMB(tumor mutational burden),and ICT(immune checkpoint blockade therapy)in tumors.In addition,the depletion of DDX1 dramatically affected the cell viability of human tumor-derived cell lines.DDX1 could affect the DNA repair pathway and the RNA transport/DNA replication processes during tumorigenesis by analyzing the CancerSEA database.Thus,our pan-cancer analysis revealed that DDX1 had complicated impacts on different cancers and might act as a prognostic marker for cancers such as renal cancer.

Fabrication of Sulfated Silk Fibroin‑Based Blend Nanofbrous Membranes for Lysozyme Adsorption

In this work,the silk fbroin/cellulose blend nanofbrous membranes modifed with sodium-3-sulfobenzoate(S-SCBNM)were fabricated by electrospinning technique for lysozyme adsorption.The morphology and structure of membranes was observed.The efect of sulfate contents,pH values and concentration of lysozyme on adsorption performance were studied,respectively.The reuse capacity was evaluated.The results showed that the resultant S-SCBNM exhibited integrated properties of ultrathin fber diameter(148 nm),fast adsorption equilibrium,excellent adsorption performance(636 mg g−1)and good reversibility.We envision that this new class of green and natural blend membranes is particularly promising for the development of proteins separation.

Injectable Fiber Electronics for Tumor Treatment

Electrochemical therapy emerged as a low-cost and efective method for tumor ablation.However,it has challenges such as the production of toxic byproducts and the use of rigid electrodes that damage soft tissues.Here,we report a new injectable and tissue-compatible fber therapeutic electronics for safe and efcient tumor treatment.The design of aligned carbon nanotube(CNT)fber as electrodes endowed the device with high softness and enabled mini-invasive implantation through injection.Under a mild voltage(1.2 V),the fber device released hydroxyl ions to alter the local chemical environment of the tissues without additional toxic products/gases,leading to immediate death of tumor cells.The fexible fber device could form stable interface with tissues and showed good biocompatibility after implantation for 30 days.The in vitro experimental results showed the fber device could efciently kill 90.9%of QGY-7703 cancer cells after a single treatment in a few minutes.The tumor-bearing animal models proved that the fber therapeutic device could efectively inhibit the growth of tumor tissues,indicating it is a safe,efective,controllable and low-cost method for tumor therapy.

The Mechanism Driving a HAB-Induced SST Warming Anomaly: A Case Study in the Beibu Gulf

Water temperature is one of the most important factors that affect the occurrence of harmful algal blooms(HABs).Characteristics of sea surface temperature(SST)variability related to a Noctiluca scintillans bloom were analyzed with Himawari-8 data in the Beibu Gulf during mid-February 2021.An SST warming anomaly was found around the bloom area from 10:00 to 19:00 local time,with a peak temperature of 24.3℃at 15:00,which was 2.9℃higher than the surrounding normal sea water.The possible formation mechanism of the HAB-induced SST anomaly was studied in this work by integrating meteorological,ocean dynamics,and ecological processes.During the HAB event,the sea surface was covered by biological mucilage.A model that considered the net heat flux,heat capacity,density of seawater,and temperature variation was established to estimate the thickness changes(ΔH)in the marine heating layer during the HAB event.The model results show that the heating layer thickness of the HAB area(ΔH between 0.76 m and 0.91 m)was smaller than that of the non-HAB area(ΔH>1.19 m).The SST anomaly in this study might be caused by a thinner and warmer marine heating layer that is related to the biological mucilage on the surface of the HAB area.