混凝-絮凝沉淀处理石墨烯废水工艺研究在实验教学中的设计与探索

随着石墨烯产业的兴起,强酸高氟高金属离子废水的排放量也与日俱增。本实验在石墨烯废水处理研究基础上设计了一个综合创新实验。采用了单一混凝、中和混凝、混凝絮凝、中和混凝絮凝四种方式处理石墨烯模拟废水,比较其对氟离子、金属离子等污染物的去除效果,利用离子色谱、X射线粉末衍射仪等对污水中的离子含量与沉淀物进行分析。研究结果表明,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙与絮凝剂联用效果最佳,其除氟率达98%,金属离子去除率达99.5%,产渣量较传统工艺减少50%以上。该实验操作方便,现象易于观察;实验内容突出理论与实践相结合,不仅充实了实验课程的教学设计,也引导学生熟悉工业生产实际、提高环境保护意识、掌握化学相关软件的使用及数据分析处理的能力,符合应用型本科院校培养学生综合能力的要求。

Changes in Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Floral Organ Development in a Soybean Cytoplasmic-nuclear Male Sterile Line

[Objectives]This study was conducted to explore the mechanism of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility.[Methods]With soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile line JLCMS9 A and its homotype maintainer line JLCMS9 B as experimental materials,the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),malondialdehyde(MDA)content,starch content,soluble protein content,soluble sugar content and free proline content in flower buds,alabastrums and mature flowers were determined,and the contents and changes of auxin(IAA),gibberellin(GA3),isopentenyl adenosine(iPA)and abscisic acid(ABA)at the three stages were analyzed.[Results]The activity of SOD and CAT and the contents of MDA and free proline in the sterile line at the flower bud stage were lower than those of the maintainer line,but the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and their values were higher than those of the maintainer line;the POD activity of the sterile line was significantly lower than that of the maintainer line at the flower bud stage,and the opposite was true at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage,and its values were higher than those of the maintainer line;and the starch content and soluble sugar content of sterile line 9 A showed an overall upward trend,and were significantly lower than those of the maintainer line 9 B at the alabastrum stage and the flowering stage.During the whole development process of floral organs,the content of IAA in sterile line 9 A showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,and the content of iPA increased gradually.The contents of hormones in the sterile line were lower than those in the maintainer line.The ratios of IAA/ABA,IAA/GA3,IAA/iPA and ABA/GA3 in the sterile line were significantly different from those in the maintainer line.It is inferred that the abnormal physiological characteristics of floral organ development are related to the cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterility of soybean.The alabastrum stage may be a critical period for the occurrence of abnormal physiological and biochemical indexes in the floral organs of soybean cytoplasmic-nuclear male sterile lines.[Conclusions]This study provides a theoretical basis for the breeding of fine sterile lines of soybean and the research on the mechanism of sterility.

Prediction of death rates for cardiovascular diseases and cancers

Background:To estimate cardiovascular and cancer death rates by regions and time periods.Design:Novel statistical methods were used to analyze clinical surveillance data.Methods:A multicenter,population-based medical survey was performed.Annual recorded deaths from cardiovascular diseases were analyzed for all 195 countries of the world.It is challenging to model such data;few mathematical models can be applied because cardiovascular disease and cancer data are generally not normally distributed.Results:A novel approach to assessing the biosystem reliability is introduced and has been found to be particularly suitable for analyzing multiregion environmental and healthcare systems.While traditional methods for analyzing temporal observations of multiregion processes do not deal with dimensionality efficiently,our methodology has been shown to be able to cope with this challenge.Conclusions:Our novel methodology can be applied to public health and clinical survey data.