Pharmacological effects of denervated muscle atrophy due to metabolic imbalance in different periods

Denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy can potentially cause the decline in the quality of life of patients and an increased risk of mortality.Complex pathophysiological mechanisms with dynamic alterations have been documented in skeletal muscle atrophy resulting from innervation loss.Hence,an in-depth comprehension of the key mechanisms and molecules governing skeletal muscle atrophy at varying stages,along with targeted treatment and protection,becomes essential for effective atrophy management.Our preliminary research categorizes the skeletal muscle atrophy process into four stages using microarray analysis.This review extensively discusses the pathways and molecules potentially implicated in regulating the four stages of denervation and muscle atrophy.Notably,drugs targeting the reactivare oxygen species stage and the inflammation stage assume critical roles.Timely intervention during the initial atrophy stages can expedite protection against skeletal muscle atrophy.Additionally,pharmaceutical intervention in the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway associated with atrophy and autophagy lysosomes can effectively slow down skeletal muscle atrophy.Key molecules within this stage encompass MuRF1,MAFbx,LC3II,p62/SQSTM1,etc.This review also compiles a profile of drugs with protective effects against skeletal muscle atrophy at distinct postdenervation stages,thereby augmenting the evidence base for denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy treatment.

家猪大脑皮层和下丘脑单细胞转录组图谱

家猪(Sus scrofa domesticus)的大脑由于与人的相似性而备受关注.但是,家猪脑组织细胞的组成尚不明确.该研究构建了家猪脑组织5个脑区(额叶、顶叶、颞叶、枕叶和下丘脑)的单细胞转录组图谱,并鉴定了21个细胞类群.通过家猪和小鼠下丘脑的跨物种比较,揭示了在单细胞分辨率下家猪和小鼠2个物种间保守的和特异的基因表达模式.此外,该研究还鉴定了与神经系统疾病密切相关的细胞类型和分子途径,弥补了基因突变和发病机制之间的空缺.该研究绘制了首个家猪大脑皮层和下丘脑的单细胞转录组图谱,并结合跨物种比较,为神经科学、演化发育生物学和再生医学的研究提供了宝贵的资源.

A single-cell atlas of mouse olfactory bulb chromatin accessibility

Olfaction,the sense of smell,is a fundamental trait crucial to many species.The olfactory bulb(OB)plays pivotal roles in processing and transmitting odor information from the environment to the brain.The cellular heterogeneity of the mouse OB has been studied using single-cell RNA sequencing.However,the epigenetic landscape of the m OB remains mostly unexplored.Herein,we apply single-cell assay for transposaseaccessible chromatin sequencing to profile the genome-wide chromatin accessibility of 9,549 single cells from the m OB.Based on single-cell epigenetic signatures,m OB cells are classified into 21 clusters corresponding to 11 cell types.We identify distinct sets of putative regulatory elements specific to each cell cluster from which putative target genes and enriched potential functions are inferred.In addition,the transcription factor motifs enriched in each cell cluster are determined to indicate the developmental fate of each cell lineage.Our study provides a valuable epigenetic data set for the m OB at single-cell resolution,and the results can enhance our understanding of regulatory circuits and the therapeutic capacity of the OB at the single-cell level.

CDCP:a visualization and analyzing platform for single-cell datasets

Recently,the rapid advances of single-cell sequencing technologies,including sequencing of single-cell genomics,transcriptomes,epigenetics,and spatial transcriptomes,have empowered researchers to scrutinize cellular heterogeneity,gene expression,epigenetic modifications.