Entity set expansion in knowledge graph:a heterogeneous information network perspective

Entity set expansion(ESE)aims to expand an entity seed set to obtain more entities which have common properties.ESE is important for many applications such as dictionary con-struction and query suggestion.Traditional ESE methods relied heavily on the text and Web information of entities.Recently,some ESE methods employed knowledge graphs(KGs)to extend entities.However,they failed to effectively and fficiently utilize the rich semantics contained in a KG and ignored the text information of entities in Wikipedia.In this paper,we model a KG as a heterogeneous information network(HIN)containing multiple types of objects and relations.Fine-grained multi-type meta paths are proposed to capture the hidden relation among seed entities in a KG and thus to retrieve candidate entities.Then we rank the entities according to the meta path based structural similarity.Furthermore,to utilize the text description of entities in Wikipedia,we propose an extended model CoMeSE++which combines both structural information revealed by a KG and text information in Wikipedia for ESE.Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our model achieves better performance by combining structural and textual information of entities.

Development and clinical advancement of small molecules for ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cell

Hematopoietic stem cell(HSC) transplantation is the only curative therapy for many diseases.HSCs from umbilical cord blood(UCB) source have many advantages over from bone marrow.However,limited HSC dose in a single CB unit restrict its widespread use.Over the past two decades,ex vivo HSC expansion with small molecules has been an effective approach for obtaining adequate HSCs.Till now,several small-molecule compounds have entered the phase Ⅰ/Ⅱ trials,showing safe and favorable pharmacological profiles.As HSC expansion has become a hot topic over recent years,many newly identified small molecules along with novel biological mechanisms for HSC expansion would help solve this challenging issue.Here,we will give an overview of HSC biology,discovery and medicinal chemistry development of small molecules,natural products targeting for HSC expansion,and their recent clinical progresses,as well as potential protein targets for HSC expansion.

Pan-cancer analysis of DNA methyltransferase family with potential implications in prognosis and immunology in human cancer

DNA methylation,as a key epigenetic modification affecting gene expression,is catalyzed by DNA methyl-transferase(DNMT).DNMT1,DNMT3A,and DNMT3B are the main members of the DNMT family,which have been found to regulate many biological processes.^(1)Aberrant DNA methylation in the promoter of tumor suppressor genes is considered a biomarker in cancer.However,no evidence of regulatory mechanisms and pathways relating to DNMTs and immune abnormalities has been provided.